1、The Attributive Clause定语从句,1.定语从句的分类2.定语从句中的注意事项3.关系词的实质和先行词之间的关系4.关系代词和关系副词的用法及其容易 混用的情况5.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的比较6.非限制性定语从句和单句的比较7.as引导的两种定语从句8.介词加关系代词的情况9.只能用that 、which的情况,主讲内容,定语从句的分类,定语从句,The Restrictive Attributive Clause 限制性定语从句,The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause 非限制性定语从句,关系词,1.,关系代词,2.,关系副词,
2、1.,指人,2.,指物,3.,指某一情况,that,who,whom,whose,that,which,whose,which,as,不能放于句首,放于句中或句首,“正如”,when,where,why,(主语/宾语),(状语),关系词的用法,限制性定语从句的构成,The man who lives next to us sells vegetables. You must do everything that I do. I have found the book which I lost. I visited the school where I studied.,关系代词 关系副词,注意
3、事项: 1.从句的位置: 2.翻译方法: 3.构成：,先行词 之后,“.的”,关系词,The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.,先行词,放置于名词之_，修饰名词的从句,关系词,连接作用,1.,2.,在从句中充当成分,后,定语从句后置,The day came at last when I went to college. He laughs best who laughs last. He is the only one of the teachers who comes from Qingdao.,先行词和关系词的关系,A plane is
4、 a machine that can fly.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.The school where I study is far from my home.,the machine = that,the boy =who,the boys =whose,in the school = where,关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,Joi
5、n the following sentences:A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.,先行词和关系词的关系,Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.,关系代词的实质,the machine,a machine,Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.,关系代词的实质,
6、a machine,that /which,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.we saw yes
7、terday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:The
8、girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.The girl that / who we saw yesterda
9、y is Mary.,关系代词的用法,关系代词在从句中可以：,何时可以省略？,关系代词的用法,关系代词在从句中可以：,何时可以省略？,做宾语时可以省略,关系代词的用法练习,1.The eggs were not fresh. I bought them yesterday.2.The friend was not hungry. He came to supper last night.3.He prefers the cheese. It comes from his parents farm.4.The noodles were delicious. You cooked them.5.I
10、 dont like the people. They smoke a lot.,The eggs (that/which) I bought them were not fresh.,The friend who/ that he came to supper last night was not hungry.,.He prefers the cheese that / which it comes from his parents farm.,The noodles( which/ that )you cooked them were delicious.,I dont like the
11、 people that / who they smoke a lot.,关系副词和先行词的关系,I still remember the day when I came here.This is the house where I lived last year.There are many reasons why people like traveling.I dont like the way that you speak.,on the day =when,in the house= where,for the reasons =why,in the way =that,关系副词实际上
12、是介词先行词,1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together.2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together.3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago.4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago.5.This is the reason _ he was late.6.This is the reason _ he gave.,when /in which,which,where/ in which,
13、which,why/ for which,that/which,几种易混的情况,及物动词,及物动词,及物动词,难用的 whose,The teacher praised the student. His English is the best in our class.,The teacher praised the student whose English is the best in our class.,Join the following pair of sentences.,whose =the students,关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格,难用的 whose,The
14、house is mine. The window of the house is broken.,Join the following pair of sentences.,The house whose window is broken is mine.,whose=the houses window,The house is mine.,the window of which is broken,of which the window is broken,非限制性定语从句,The town where I live is beautiful. Kenli, where I live, i
15、s beautiful.,Teachers who are kind are popular with the students. Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.,Please compare:,非限制性定语从句,The town where I live is beautiful. Kenli, where I live, is beautiful.,Teachers who are kind are popular with the students. Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular
16、with the students.,Please compare:,插入成分,修饰限定,补充解释,能,不能,.的,能否省略,Teachers who are kind are popular with the students. Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.,分析两种定语从句省略后的结果,The town where I live is beautiful. Kenli, where I live, is beautiful.,分析两种定语从句省略后的结果,限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确， 所以不能省略,非限制性
17、定语从句和单句的比较,2.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry. 3.He failed in the exam, _made his parents angry.,4.He has two sons. Both of _ are teachers. 5.He has two sons, both of _ are teachers.,This,which,whom,them, that,1.I am reading Harry Porter, _is an interesting book.,which,as 引导的非限制性定语从句,T
18、he earth is round._ is known to all.The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known to all, the earth is round_ is known to all that the earth is round.,It,which / as,As,It,as 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如： as you know/ as you see/as we planned/ as we expected,定语从句在句首时只能用as,as 引导的非限制性定语从句 (1),This is the s
19、ame pen as I lost.This is the same pen that I lost.,Please compare:,这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。,这本书就是我丢的那本。,as 引导的限制性定语从句 (2),This is such an interesting book _ we all like. This is so interesting a book _ we all like.This is such an interesting book _we all like it. This is so interesting a book _we all like it
20、.,as,that,Please complete the following sentences and compare:,as,that,这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句),这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句),介词+关系代词的情况 1,The man whom you spoke was a scientist.The city which she lives is far away.,to,in,介词+关系代词的情况 2,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives
21、is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,介词+关系代词的情况 3,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,介词+关系代词的情况 3,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these
22、 two sentences right?,介词+关系代词的情况 3,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,介词+关系代词的情况 3,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,介词+关系代
23、词的情况 3,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,可见,who、that 不能用与介词之后,介词+关系代词的情况 4,Is this the watch that you are looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better .,在固定短语中介词不能提前,下面两句中的介词能提前吗?,1. Do you like the
24、 book she spent $10? 2. Do you like the book she paid $10? 3. Do you like the book she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book she often talks? 5. He built a telescope he could study the skies. 6. There is a tall tree outside, stands our teacher. 7. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _is t
25、he Yellow River. 8. The tower _ people can have a good view is on the hill. 9. The man _ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling. 10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.,on which,for which,from which,about which,through which,
26、under which,of which,from which,to whom,of which,介词+关系代词的情况 练习,1.He did all / everything _he could to help me. 2.This is the very thing _ I am after. 3.We talked about the men and the things _ we remembered at school. 4.He is the only man _ can do the work. 5.This is the first thing _ I want to say.
27、 6.He is the finest man _ I have ever worked with. 7.Who is the man _ spoke to you at the gate. 8.Which is the star _ is nearest to the earth.,that , which or who?,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,that , which ,whose, whom or who?,9.Is there anything else _ you want to say? 10.Any person _ ha
28、s the money can join the group. 11.He often speaks the role he played in the play, _ made others upset. 12.He opened the door, in front of _ sat a boy. 13.The man to _ I spoke is a famous scientist. 14.The boy _ mother is dead was brought up by his father.,that,that,which,which,whom,whose,当先行词是不定代词时
29、,如: All ,few, little, much, every, something,anything, everything, 等,只能用that 做关系代词的情况,当先行词被the only, the very, the same, little, few, no, any等修饰时,只能用that 做关系代词的情况,当人和物合做先行词时,只能用that 做关系代词的情况,当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,只能用that 做关系代词的情况,在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中,只能用that 做关系代词的情况,在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which 做关系代词的情况,在介
30、词后面,只能用which 做关系代词的情况,巩固练习： 1.Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _, of course, made the others envy him. A who B that C what D which 2. The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success. A for which B at which C in which D on which 3.There was
31、 time I hated to go to school. Aa; that Ba; when Cthe; that Dthe; when4. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ the sailing time was 226 days. A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which 5.There are two buildings, stands nearly a hundred feet high. Athe larger Bth
32、e larger of them Cthe larger one that Dthe larger of which,C,A,D,D,B,6. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger. A. in which B. by which C. which D. that 7.I walked in our garden, _ Tom and Jim were tying a bi
33、g sign onto one of the trees. Awhich Bwhen Cwhere Dthat 8.Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited three months ago? A. where B. when C. that D. what 9.Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. Awhich Bthat Cthis Dit 10._ I explained on the phone, your request will
34、 be considered at the next meeting. AWhen BAfter CAs DSince,A,C,C,A,C,第四章 定语从句翻译 How to translate attributive clauses? 1汉语的定语，无论是单用或是用个连用，往往是带或省略“的”的句型，通常都放在所修饰的名词前面。例如： 1). 形容词 红色的沙发，汉代的碗，温柔的一刀 2). 名词 香山红叶，美国国情 3). 所有格 小张的自行车，爸爸的烟斗,2在英语中，许多表达都可以执行汉语定语功能，有的可能是单词有的可能是短语，有的可能是从句。有可能前置，有可能后置。单词做定语时，一般放
35、在所修饰的名词之前；短语和从句做定语时则放在所修饰的名词之后。例如： 1). preposition The cup in my hand; that person in the rain; 2). Adverb Study abroad; The books here are interesting. This is the only way out. The pretty girl upstairs;,3). Adjective Blue sky; naked eye; American culture; advanced technology; Secretary General; Co
36、urt Martial; something important; the students absent today; 4). Noun College students; business English; 5). Gerund Training center; teaching building;,6). Possessive case Your boats; Toms classmates; sense of responsibility; 7).ing verb (usually put afterward) Most of the people singing were women
37、. Will those wishing to go stand up? That young man standing on the bridge is Mr. Smiths son.,8).ed verb (usually put afterward) I dont know the victim killed last night in the store. They were very glad to have accepted the present offered. 9). Infinitive Britain was the first western power to reco
38、gnize Peoples Republic of China. The measures to help the victims in the flood proved helpless. 10). Attributive clauses Those peasants who have little or no land,3. How to translate attributive clauses? 1). 前置，作定语 英语定语从句的翻译可根据其结构、功能和意义等因素来考虑。定语从句较短、限制能力较强的可译作前置定语，反之就可译作后置的并列分句。例如： Substances which
39、allow electricity to flow through them freely are called conductors.译为定语前置 Baseball is a game that requires strength, but not hugeness. The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him. 在他手下工作的人对他怕得要死。,2).后置，即译为从句或独立句子 定语从句较长、限制能力不太强的，特别是非限定性定语从句可译作后置的并列分句。 This was the period when Einstein
40、 began the research which resulted in the creation of his famous Theory of Relativity.译为并列分句后置 I told the story to John, who told it to his brother. It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle. The cat ate the mouse that ate the malt that lay in the corner of the house. The lion eats the zebra that eats the grass. The snake catches the toad that eats the insect that nibbles the green leaves. The cook turned pale, and asked the housemaid to shut the door, who asked Brittle, who asked the tinker, who pretended not to hear.,
