1、雅思写作评分标准,TR: Task Response 回答问题 CC: Coherence and Cohesion 连贯性及一致性 LR: Lexical Resource 词汇量 GR: Grammatical Range and Accuracy 语法范围及准确性,雅思写作句子要求,句子：语篇的基本组成单位,句子结构：简单句复杂句： 并列句、复合句、并列复合句,五种基本句型：,无论简单句还是复杂句都不能离开的 五种基本句型。主语 + 谓语 I work hard. 主语 + 系动词 +表语 I am smart.谓 语 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 I love you. 主语 + 谓语 +
2、 宾语 + 宾语 My parents gave me a gift. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 补语 I consider him a hero.,简单句：,只有一个主谓结构的句子。 句子各成分全部是由单词或短语构成。 Jane and George are good friends. The Olympic Games can promote friendship and boost the economy of the host country. The role of governments in environmental management is difficult but
3、inescapable.,主语 + 谓语,犯罪大幅度下降。 Crimes fall significantly. 最近青少年犯罪的数量在上升。 Recent figures of juvenile crime are increasing. 没有枪，自杀率和他杀率都会下降。 Without guns, both suicide rate and homicide rate will go down.,主语 + 系动词 +表语,用枪来反抗罪犯是最安全的做法。 Resisting a criminal with a gun is the safest thing to do.对罪犯的惩罚应该严厉。
4、 The penalties for criminals should be severe.,主语 + 谓语 +宾语,媒体暴力影响小孩的健康。 Media violence can affect childrens health.赌博和酗酒导致犯罪和毁灭。 Gambling and alcohol abuse cause crimes and destruction.,主语 + 谓语 +间接宾语 + 直接宾语,我的父母在我生日那天给我买了礼物。 My parents bought me a gift on my birthday.社区服务给做坏事的人一个改过自新的机会。 Community s
5、ervices offer wrongdoers an opportunity to correct their misconduct.,主语 + 谓语 +宾语 + 补语,我们认为贪婪是罪恶的源头。 We consider greed a source of evils. 父母应该鼓励孩子参加更多有益的活动。 Parents should encourage their kids to take part in more rewarding activities.,主语+谓语,First impressions count. 第一印象很重要。Often, governments act in
6、an even more harmful way. 政府行为往往会造成更大的损害。,Managers often behave very differently outside the office and in it, even to the same person. 经理们在办公室内与在办公室外的行为表现往往大相径庭，即使是面对同一个人。,The shape and dimensions of the skyscrapers depend entirely on the necessity of obtaining the maximum income per square foot of
7、 ground, and of offering to the tenants offices and apartments that please them. 摩天大楼的形状和大小完全取决于每平方英尺土地获取最大收入的需求，取决于向住户提供能使他们满意的办公室和公寓的需要。,This attitude altered with the realization that marginal communities can survive and adapt in spite of partial integration into a notoriously fickle world econom
8、y. 这种态度已随着以下的认识而有所改变，即边缘社区尽管已部分地融入了一个声名在外、变幻莫测的全球经济体系中，但仍具有生存能力和适应性。,People are clearly more curious about bad news than good. 人们对坏消息显然要比对好消息更加好奇。The role of governments in environmental management is difficult but inescapable. 政府在环境方面发挥的作用虽然困难但却责无旁贷。,主语+系动词+表语,Paid work is a valuable experience, im
9、portant for learning and taking responsibility. 有偿劳动是一种有价值的体验，对学习和培养责任感都很重要。 Street signs, supermarket goods and even their own newspaper are all in English. 街上的标牌、超市里的货物、甚至他们自己的报纸都使用英语。,Traditional methods may prove economically valuable in the future. 传统的方法也许可以在未来被证明有经济价值。 Play may look like a car
10、efree and exuberant way to pass the time before the hard work of adulthood comes along. 玩耍可能看起来是长大成人、辛勤工作之前一种无忧无虑、兴高采烈地打发时间。,Their focus is on getting children and mothers access to childcare and institutionalized early childhood education. 重点放在了使儿童和母亲们都有机会得到儿童看护，从而使儿童早期教育制度化。 The purpose of this pa
11、per is to share some of the lessons Street Kids International and our partners have learned. 这篇文章的目的是和大家分享国际拯救街童组织和我们的合作伙伴取得的一些经验。,主语+谓语+宾语,Every solid object will reflect a sound, varying according to the size and nature of the object.每个坚实的物体都能反射声音，其声音各不相同，视物体的大小和性质而定。,Research in the United States
12、 has shown a relationship between temperature and street riots.美国的一项研究已经表明那个气温与街头骚乱之间的存在联系。,Lack of sleep can compromise the immune system, muddle thinking, cause depression, promote anxiety and encourage irritability.缺乏睡眠会危及免疫系统，干扰思考能力，导致沮丧，主张焦虑情绪，使人容易发怒。,主语+谓语+宾语+宾语,By her hard work she won hersel
13、f a place in the school team. 通过努力她为自己在校队里赢得了一席之地。Schools should offer freshmen more services to help them get used to the new life as soon as possible. 学校应该提供更多服务使新生尽快适应新的生活。,主语+谓语+宾语+补语,The colder water made the divers worse at simple arithmetic and other mental tasks.冷水使潜水员在进行简单的算数运算和完成其他需要动脑筋的任务
14、时表现较差。,These skills will make them more valuable employees in the future. 这些技巧会帮助他们在未来成为更有价值的员工。The company requires the applicants to be interviewed to bring all the necessary papers. 公司要求即将接受面试的申请者带来所有必要资料。,并列句：,由两个或以上简单句构成 并列连词或连接性副词连接 各分句意思同等重要，互相独立,主要并列连词：,and，but，or，yet 常用的连接副词： however，nevert
15、heless，instead，in contrast，on the other hand，whereas， whilst，while therefore，as a result，thus，hence，consequently besides，moreover，at the same time，in addition，furthermore, additionally，whats more,上网对于寻找信息非常有用，但是学生很可能在互联网上找到淫秽材料。 Internet access indecent materialsInternet access is very useful for lo
16、oking up information; however, a student is highly likely to find indecent materials on the Internet.,许多广告确实提供了有关产品的重要信息，然而，其中一些却是误导人的和带有欺骗性的。Many advertisements do give important information about products；however，some of them are merely misleading and cheating.,要保护野生动物，否则生态平衡会被打破。the wildlife the
17、ecological balanceThe wildlife should be protected; otherwise, the ecological balance will be broken.,看电视是一种便宜的娱乐方式，此外，它还是学习英语的好途径。cheap / inexpensive form of entertainmenta good way to do sth. Watching TV is an inexpensive form of entertainment; additionally, it is a good way to learn English.,广告在美
18、国商业中起着重要的作用，而且它对国家的经济有着极大的影响。play / perform an important / significant role inproduce great / enormous influence on Advertising performs a significant role in American business; besides, it produces enormous influence on the nations economy.,旅游业对当地的经济有积极的影响。比方说，当地人可以靠把纪念品卖给游客赚钱。produce / exert favor
19、able influence onthe local economythe localssouvenirs Tourism exerts favorable influence on the local economy; for instance, the locals can earn money by selling souvenirs to the tourists.,复合句：,一个主句和一个或多个从句 主句表达主要意思 从句表达次要意思优点：主次分明、避免过多使用独立的简单句或并列句减少不必要的重复表达更加简练和完整,采取有效的措施来结束日益恶化的空气污染势在必行。 imperativ
20、e end / put an end to It is imperative to take some actions to end the worsening air pollution. It is imperative that some actions should be taken to put an end to the worsening air pollution.,谁对老年人负责这个问题明天将被讨论。Who will be responsible for the senior citizens will be discussed tomorrow.我将要讲的内容非常重要。 W
21、hat I am going to say is very important.,人们普遍认为太空探索能促进科学事业的发展。 It is commonly / widely / generally believed / accepted / acknowledged that space exploration improve / promote / boost It is commonly believed that space exploration can promote the development of science.,有些人认为旅游业的发展会对传统文化产生一些负面的影响。 th
22、ink / believe / hold exert / produce / bring aboutimpact / influence / effect on Some people hold that the development of tourism exerts some adverse impact on traditional culture.,许多专家怀疑英语是否应该作为全球唯一的官方用语。 expertdoubtthe only global official language Many experts doubt whether English should be used
23、 as the only global official language.,一个迫切的问题是许多稀有物种正处于灭绝的边缘。a pressing issuerare speciesbe on the edge of extinction A pressing issue is that many rare species are on the edge of extinction.,事实是很多动物被用于医学研究。medical research The fact is that many animals are used in medical research. 这就是为什么广告被认为是垃圾的
24、原因。 TV commercials This is why TV commercials are regarded as rubbish.,国家保护文化遗产这个事实很重要。protectcultural heritageThe fact that a nation should protect its cultural heritage is very essential.,有证据显示，英语已经成为网络的主要语言。There is evidence that dominant language onlineThere is evidence that English has been the
25、 dominant language online.,越来越多的人赞同广告是有效的信息交流工具这种说法。 There is a growing consensus that effective information exchanges There is a growing consensus that advertising is an effective way of information exchanges.,人们日益认同 There is an increasing recognition that There is a growing consensus that 人们通常认为 T
26、here is a popular belief that 没有什么证据支持 There is little evidence to support the view that 很有可能 There is possibility that 有证据显示 There is evidence that,不想当将军的士兵不是好士兵。A soldier who does not want to be a marshal is not a good soldier.,要保护野生动物，否则生态平衡会被打破。the wildlife the ecological balanceThe ecological b
27、alance will be broken unless the wildlife is protected.,有些家长支持送小孩去寄宿学校学习，因为它有助于培养独立性和人际交往能力。be in favor ofboarding schooldevelop independence and interpersonal skills Some parents are in favor of sending children to a boarding school because it helps children to develop their independence and interp
28、ersonal skills.,并列复合句：,一个并列句中的一个或更多的分句包含一个或更多从句。,It is true that the Olympic Games can promote friendship and boost the economy of the host country，but this is not to say that they are without disadvantages. 确实，奥运会能够增进友谊和促进主办国经济的发展，但这并非意味着奥运会是完美无缺的。 It is true that promote / boost / improve This is
29、not to say that,In fact, sometimes when a person knows that the death penalty is waiting for him, nothing will hold him anymore and he could go on to commit more homicides.实际上，有时如果一个人知道死刑在等着自己的时候，没有什么东西可以阻止他了，他会继续去杀更多的人。,高中生毕业后是应该继续学习还是先实践？,A child develops best when，like a young plant，he is left un
30、disturbed in the same soil; too much travel and too much variety of impressions are not good for the young and cause them as they grow up to become incapable of enduring fruitful monotony.,句子成分,主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位语,主语,Media violence can affect childrens health. 媒体暴力影响小孩的健康。Gambling causes crimes
31、 and destruction. 赌博导致犯罪和毁灭。To telecommute usually means working at home. 远程上班通常意味着在家工作。,We consider greed a source of evils. 我们认为贪婪是罪恶的源头。Two million were turned away by American officials. 有200万人被美国官员拒绝入境。,That a nation should protect its cultural heritage is very essential. 国家保护文化遗产是至关重要的。 It is
32、very essential that a nation should protect its cultural heritage.It is generally accepted that the Chinese civilization is one of the oldest in the world. 人们普遍认为中国文化是世界上最古老的文化之一。,What effects tourism will exert on local culture is well-documented. 旅游业对当地文化的影响是显而易见的。如何弘扬传统艺术成了个热门话题。How we can carry
33、forward our traditional arts has become a hot issue.,这个国家所需要的是更严格地管理枪支。What is needed in this country is stricter control of guns.谁对老年人负责这个问题明天将被讨论。 Who will be responsible for our senior citizens will be discussed tomorrow.,谓语,Crimes fall significantly. 犯罪大幅度下降。 China arrested 69,780 juvenile delin
34、quents in 2003. 2003年中国逮捕了69780青少年罪犯。 Without guns, the suicide rate will go down. 没有枪，自杀率会下降。,Recent figures of juvenile crime are increasing. 最近青少年犯罪的数量在上升。 The government was putting great efforts to develop the IT industry when Internet bubbles collapsed. 在互联网泡沫破裂时，政府正努力发展信息产业。 If we are incapab
35、le of looking after our own planet, what good is it to go elsewhere? We will be duplicating our mistakes. 如果我们不能照看自己的星球，去别的地方又有什么好处呢？我们将重复自己的错误。,Pornography has developed alongside technology. 色情业随着科技发展而不断蔓延。 TV， radio， newspaper and magazines had served as the mainstream media before the Internet w
36、as invented. 在互联网发明之前，电视、广播、报纸、杂志是主流媒体。 The human race will have immigrated to another planet when the earth becomes uninhabitable. 在地球变得不适宜居住的时候，人类已经移民到另外的星球上去了。,The computer industry has been growing rapidly in the world in the last ten years.计算机产业在过去几十年发展迅速。,宾语（动词宾语）,Media violence can affect chi
37、ldrens health. 媒体暴力影响小孩的健康。 To telecommute usually means working at home. 远程上班通常意味着在家工作。 Most weight losers decide to have a vegetarian diet. 许多减肥者决定吃素。,My parents bought me a gift on my birthday. 我的父母在我生日那天给我买了礼物。,Experts predict that half of the worlds language will be extinct in 100 years. 专家预测世界
38、上一半语言100年后会消亡。Many experts doubt whether English should be used as the only global official language. 许多专家怀疑英语是否应该作为全球唯一的官方用语。,I dont know what is needed in learning English. 我不知道学习英语需要做什么。We havent decided who will be responsible for the senior citizens. 我们还没有决定由谁对老人负责。,宾语（介词宾语）,The disease spread
39、quickly across the country.You are never a loser until you give up trying.I am sorry for what I said.,宾语（非谓语动词宾语）,Taking a job for a long time is usually considered a proof of loyalty. 长时间从事一份工作通常被认为是忠诚的表现。Educators advise sending children to schools instead of keeping them at home. 教育家建议送孩子上学，而不是把他
40、们留在家里。,It is ridiculous to force an employee to retire at the age of 50. 强迫员工50岁退休是荒唐的。Most weight losers decide to have a vegetarian diet. 许多减肥者决定吃素。,Facing high competition, people may suffer great pressure. 面对高度竞争，人们可能承担巨大的压力。Suffering great pain, cancer patients have to take some drugs sometimes
41、. 因为忍受巨大的痛苦，癌症病人有时不得不服用毒品。,表语,That a nation should protect its cultural heritage is very essential. 国家保护文化遗产是至关重要的。 The result of the competition is quite satisfying. 比赛结果很令人满意。The guests were quite satisfied with the party. 客人们对晚会非常满意。,Heavy work pressure is the major reason for family breakdown no
42、wadays 沉重的工作压力是家庭破裂的主要原因。 The aim of telework is saving costs and reducing workload. 远程工作的目的是节省成本，减少工作量。 The best way to escape urban pollution is to move to rural areas. 逃避城市污染的最好办法是搬到乡下去,事实是很多动物被用于医学研究。 The fact is that many animals are used in medical research. 这就是为什么广告被认为是垃圾的原因。 This is why TV c
43、ommercials are regarded as rubbish.,These articles are for intensive reading while other articles are for extensive reading. 这些文章是做精读的而其他文章是做泛读的。My book is on the desk. Students are in the classroom. You dont look like fifty.,I will be back soon. 我马上就回来。 He was abroad at the time. 他那会儿在国外。This is he
44、r! Its me!Four and two is six.,定语: 修饰名词或代词,垃圾食品严重危害孩子们的健康。Junk food impairs childrens health.敬老院应该提供更好的居住条件和更专业的照料。 A nursing house should provide better living conditions and more professional care.,几乎所有中国人都认为出国留学是接受高质量教育和体验不同文化的好机会。 Almost all the Chinese believe that overseas study is a good chan
45、ce to receive high quality education and to experience diverse cultures.现今的白领面对越来越大的压力。 Todays white-collars face increasing pressure.练习是你提高口语的唯一方法 Practice is the only way to improve your spoken English.,养宠物把孩子培养成具有同情心的人。 Pet raising can turn children into citizens who have a caring mind.处于巨大工作压力下的
46、人们觉得生活令人沮丧和压抑。 People under great work stress find life frustrating and depressing.,随着经济的快速发展，骑自行车的人数是越来越少。 With the rapid development of economy, the number of people riding bicycles is decreasing. 用于太空探险的钱可以用在那些在贫困线下挣扎的人们身上。 Money used in space research can be spent on the people struggling under
47、the poverty line. 我们下一步应该做的就是避免吃富含脂肪和热量的食物。 What we should do next is to avoid eating the food rich in fat and calorie.,状语：修饰动词，形容词，副词或者成分,在巨大的社会压力下，人们为了生活不得不日夜工作。 People have to work day and night to earn a living due to heavy social pressure.被动吸烟每年造成美国3000-5000名不吸烟者患肺癌死亡。 Passive smoking is causin
48、g 3000-5000 lung cancer deaths a year among American non-smokers.,垃圾食品严重危害孩子们的健康。 Junk food impairs childrens health seriously.中国人坚信教育是生活中重要的一部分。 The Chinese firmly believe that education is an important part of their lives.,大学新生应该为新的学校生活做好心理上的准备。 Freshmen should make preparation for the new school
49、life psychologically. 在全国范围内，略微大多数的年轻人赞成同居。 Nationally, a slight majority of young people approve of cohabitation.,没有经验或不成熟的年轻人特别容易吸毒酗酒。 Youths, inexperienced or immature, are vulnerable to drug and alcohol abuse. 有偿劳动是一种有价值的体验，对学习和培养责任感都很重要。 Paid work is a valuable experience, important for learning and taking responsibility.,人类活动已经对生态系统造成严重破坏。 Human activities have caused a severe damage to the ecosystem. 所有国家都在争夺供应不足的能源。 All countries are competing for insufficient supplies of energy. 世界淡水供应面临污染的威胁。 The worlds supply of fresh water has been threatened by pollution.,
