1、1,IELTS写作,2,1. 雅思写作概述及评分标准,1.1 课程目标 1.2 课程安排 1.3 授课理念 1.4 小作文基本情况 1.5 大作文基本情况 1.6 分数计算 1.7 答题纸 1.8 书写格式 1.9 雅思写作评分标准说明,3,1.1 课程目标,1.1.1 官方信息来源 1.1.2 全球三大考区总体情况 1.1.3 中国大陆考区总体情况,4,1.1.1 官方信息来源,http:/www.ielts.org/researchers/analysis_of_test_data/test_taker_performance_2010.aspx Test taker performanc
2、e 2010,5,1.1.2 全球三大考区总体情况,6,1.1.3 中国大陆考区总体情况,7,1.2 课程安排,雅思写作授课大纲 新东方雅思写作基础教材 剑桥系列,8,1.3 授课理念,动脑+动笔 没有理解，练习亦是枯燥 没有练习，理解亦是空白 课堂互动+作业提交,9,1.4 小作文基本情况,1.4.1 数据类图表题 1.4.1 非数据类图表题,10,1.4.1 数据类图表题,39/48 81% Line 5 Pie 8 Bar 13 Table 12 Combination 1,11,1.4.1 非数据类图表题,9/48 19% Map Diagram Flow,12,1.5 大作文基本情况
3、,1.5.1 议论类 1.5.2 说明类,13,1.5.1 议论类,Discuss both views and give your own opinion Do the advantages outweigh disadvantages 怎样的观点“正确”？ 怎样写顺手？,14,1.5.2 说明类,Problem + Reasons + Solution,15,1.6 分数计算,分数构成,That is to say,Overall=40%task1 + 60% task2,Task1: 8 Task2: 3 Overall=3.2+1.8=5,4:6,16,1.7 答题纸,12 words
4、 per line Task 1 13 lines page1-2 Task 2 20 lines page3-4 见好就收,17,1.8 书写格式,18,19,20,1.9 评分标准说明,21,22,Task Response 是否涵盖要点；是否切题、合理 Coherence and Cohesion 句语句、段与段的衔接 Lexical Resources 用词的准确性和灵活性 Grammatical Range and Accuracy 语法多样性和准确性,23,2. 小作文透析及派图解析,2.1 小作文总体审题特点 2.10 派图介绍 2.2 小作文写作必备能力 2.11 派图的写作技
5、巧 2.3 小作文考点热点 2.12 派图的重难点 2.4 小作文综合预测 2.13 派图词汇基础之占据 2.5 小作文注意事项 2.14 派图词汇基础之倍数 2.6 小作文开头段写法 2.15 派图主语替换技巧 2.7 小作文主体段要求 2.16 派图的常用句型 2.8 小作文主体段顺序 2.9 小作文结尾段写法,24,2.1 小作文总体审题特点,2.1.1 审题 2.1.2 构思,25,2.1.1 审题,先阅读introduction的内容，找到两个基本要素 描写对象 & 时间 找出描写对象： 有助于加速写出引言段 找出时间：有助于确定时态,26,2.1.2 构思, 各类题型构思方向Lin
6、e graph 曲线图：按时间顺序 Bar chart 柱状图：按时间顺序（含时间要素）与其他对象比较（无时间要素） Pie chart 派图：类似柱状图 Table 表格：注意纵向、横向比较 Diagrams 图表：注意顺序承接性&被动语态 （流程图&地图）,27,2.2 小作文写作必备能力, 迅速确定描写对象&构思方向 迅速筛选出有用信息 迅速根据筛选出的信息组织相应的语句,28,2.3 小作文考点热点,数据类图表为主导 派图：占有 线图：趋势，速度 柱图：比对 表格：数据分析,29,2.4 小作文综合预测,30,2.5 小作文注意事项, 看清属于什么题型的图表，是一幅图还是两幅或者 是以
7、上的图； 注意不同类型图表的技巧（包括时态、语态、关键 描述词语与句型）； 划出并分析题目中的关键内容，分析图表中的关键 特征点（依据各种图表的特点来决定） 考虑结构（开头引言，描述特征，可能总结）,31,2.6 小作文开头段写法,同义替换,32,Opening 轻松写,第一句之单词改写： The diagram below showschart = graph = diagram (line/curve, pie, bar)table = figures = statisticsdiagram = pictureShow= display / reveal / indicate / refl
8、ect= illustrate / demonstrate= give information about = unfold a clear picture of,33,Opening 轻松写,第一句之万用句型：1, This bar chart displays the number of men and women enrolled in future education in Britain during three periods.2, It is immediately apparent from the diagram that in 1970 the processions in
9、 Malaysia were almost totally dominated by men.3, The percentage of various types of households struck by poverty in Australia in 1999 is indicated in the table.4, As is revealed in the diagram, the number of hours per week spent on unpaid work is unequally distributed between men and women.,34,时间的描
10、述,1, In + 月份、年、年代In 1980s;In the period betweenand. 2, Fromto , Between and , At / by the end of, Until / before / after, About /someFrom 2008 onwards till At / by the end of this year / centuryAbout / some 200 years ago 3, For / during + 时间段, Over a year period, Throughout , When it enters, At the
11、turn of the During the first/second half of the year;During the remainder of the year;Over a ten year period=over a decade;Throughout the 20th century;When it entered 2009;At the turn of the new century,35,Opening 轻松写,36,Opening 轻松写,Paraphrase单词替换 Demand=used / need / requirement / consumption Typic
12、al=average / representative / common use=consume Home=household / family,37,Opening 轻松写,Compound Sentence句子合成The curve chart reveals the electricity needed in England during average days in winter and summer and the pie graph indicates how electricity is consumed in a typical English household.,38,O
13、pening 轻松写,Passive VoiceThe need for electricity in England during average days in winter and summer and how the electricity is consumed in a typical English household are revealed in the charts.,39,Opening 轻松写,Paraphrase单词替换 proportion=percentage / share / statistics / figures Different=various Cat
14、egory=type / kind / group Family=household / home Families living in poverty = poor families= families (who were living) in poverty= families (who were) struck by poverty,40,Opening 轻松写,41,Opening 轻松写,1, The table offers information about the percentage of various types of households who were living
15、 in poverty in Australia in 1999.,42,Opening 轻松写,2, The table gives a statistics of different types of family who were living in poverty in Australia in 1999.,43,Opening 轻松写,3, The percentage of various types of households struck by poverty in Australia in 1999 is indicated in the table.,44,Opening
16、课堂练习,45,Opening 课堂练习,Travel = tour / trip / visit The UK = Britain (not England!) Most = top Popular = favorite / fashionable / stylish Country = nationUK residents to visit = UK travelers / visitors / tourists,46,Opening 课堂练习,The diagrams reveal visits to and from Britain and the top 5 favorite nat
17、ions in 1999 for UK tourists.,47,Opening 课堂练习,Visits to and from Britain and the top 5 favorite nations in 1999 for UK tourists are revealed by / in the diagrams.,48,49,50,51,2.7 小作文主体段要求,数字 文字 比对 The percentage of males and females arrested during the last 5 years and causes of arrest in 2007 are i
18、ndicated in the diagrams.,52,2.8 小作文主体段顺序,数据类 非数据类,53,2.9 小作文结尾段写法,数据类加结尾 非数据类省结尾,54,Ending 轻松写,Ending常用套句：1, From the diagram it can be safely concluded that in the years 1978-1987 Florida developed much more rapidly than the United States as a whole.2, What is worth mentioning is that nuclear powe
19、r didnt make its debut until 1998.3, As a whole / In general / To sum up / In conclusion / In summary / In a nutshell, the data suggest that the increased presence of women in the paid work force has yet to lead to an increased role for men at home.,55,Ending 轻松写,Overall the table suggests that hous
20、eholds of single adults and those with children were more likely to be living in poverty than those consisting of couples.,56,57,The line chart illustrates the data about people at a London subway station from 6 am to 10pm.,58,2.10 派图介绍,单派 双派 多派,59,2.11 派图的写作技巧,图中找类别 按类分段,60,2.12 派图的重难点, 如何准确把握图中的信息
21、 如何正确转述图中的信息 如何灵活运用词汇、短语、句型，避免用词单一、句式表达雷同 如何精炼语言，避免赘述、啰嗦，避免给评卷人套模板的印象,61,2.13 派图词汇基础之占据,Represent Occupy Stand for Account for,62,2.16 派图的常用句型,“占”：account for, hold, make up, take up, constitute, comprise, represent . 百分比：percentage，proportion, share . “约”：the majority of, most of, a considerable nu
22、mber of, a minority of , just over, slightly more than/less than, nearly half 确切数字(1) 分数与百分比的转化：one third, two fifths .(2) 常见表达：a quarter, a half .,63,整体+局部,The following two pie charts illustrate the energy use in the U.S.A. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information given
23、in the pie charts below.,64,65,P1,The following two pie charts illustrate the energy use in the U.S.A. The two graphs describe the data of the energy use and the residential energy use in detail in the United States.,66,P2,It can be seen from the first pie chart that the energy is used for four purp
24、oses.Specifically, industry accounts for the largest proportion(41%) of the used energy while demand of transportation makes up 26% of the total need of energy. Residential and commercial represent 19% and 14% respectively.,67,P3,According to the second pie chart, it clearly shows that heating and a
25、ir conditioning account for the largest proportion (62%) in the residential energy use while the small appliances makes up the least proportion (10%). The heating water and miscellaneous ( including cooking) constitutes 15% and 13% respectively.,68,P4,From the chart, we may have a basic understandin
26、g of the situation of energy use in the United States.,69,ABC比较,The graphs below show the annual expenditure of university students in three countries in 2003.,70,71,72,The two graphs show the main sources of energy in the USA in the 1980s and the 1990s. .,73,Electric energy production in US,74,75,T
27、he proportion of population in the world,76,3. 线图柱图及表格图解析,3.1 线图审图技巧 3.2 线图的写作技巧 3.3 线图的重难点 3.4 线图写作点展开之上升及相关词汇 3.5 线图写作点展开之下降及相关词汇 3.6 线图写作点展开之平稳及相关词汇 3.7 线图写作点展开之波动及相关词汇 3.8 线图写作点展开之极点及相关词汇 3.9 线图的常用句型,77,3.10 柱图审图技巧 3.11 柱图的写作技巧 3.12 柱图的重难点 3.13 柱形图的常用单词 3.14 柱形图的常用句型 3.15 表格图审图技巧 3.16 表格图的写作技巧 3
28、.17 表格图的重难点 3.18 表格图的常用单词 3.19 表格图的常用句型,3. 线图柱图及表格图解析,78,3.1 线图审图技巧,趋势描述 速度描述 极点交点起点重点的描述,79,3.2 线图的写作技巧,趋势描述多样化,80,3.3 线图的重难点,交点难掌控 图内对比看不出,81,3.4 线图写作点展开之 上升及相关词汇,Increase Climb Go up Soar Rocket Shoot up,82,3.5 线图写作点展开之 下降及相关词汇,Decrease Fall Drop Dip Go down,83,3.6 线图写作点展开之 平稳及相关词汇,Keep stable Re
29、main stable Unchanged Come to a standstill,84,3.7 线图写作点展开之 波动及相关词汇,Vary Fluctuate起伏,85,3.8 线图写作点展开之 极点及相关词汇,Peak at Bottom at Reach a plateau,86,3.9 线图的常用句型,3.9.1 先(上升/下降)后(下降/上升)，之后便平稳 3.9.2 对峰值和低谷的描述 3.9.3 趋势相同描述 3.9.4 对未来的表述 3.9.5 对波动的描述,87,3.9.1 先(上升/下降)后(下降/上升)，之后便平稳,1. According to the data ,
30、the years from tosaw/witness a rise/climb/drop in the number/rate/percentage/proportion of 对象 from 数据 to 数据，which was followed by a rapid decrease/reduce/increase over the . years,88,2. The number/ratedropped/went up again fromin XXX year toin XXX year and then went up/climbed gradually until XXX ye
31、ar ,when there was a leveling off/leveling out at 数据 for 一段时间,89,1. Also it can be noticed that in XXX year ,the number/percentage reached the bottom . However/on the contrary, XXX year saw the peak during this period. 2. 时间点 ，when the number/percentage reached (amounted to) to a peak of / a high po
32、int at 3. 时间点,when the number/percentage bottomed out (at),3.9.2 对峰值和低谷的描述,90,The proportion/number of 对象 in the xx and xx are similar and follow the same trend. In XX the figures were xx% and xx% respectively, rising to xx% and xx% respectively in XXX ,after dipping to xx% and xx% respectively in X
33、XX. Thereafter .,3.9.3 趋势相同描述,91,3.9.4 对未来的表述,is projected to as to is expected to as for is forecasted to is estimated to,92,3.9.5 对波动的描述,as can be seen from the graph, the two curves show the fluctuation of fluctuated dramatically between xx% and xx% during period.,93,94,95,Radio and television au
34、diences in the UK, October-December 1992,96,The graph below shows the differences in wheat exports over three different areas.,97,The line graph below gives information on cinema attendance in the UK.,98,The graph shows Underground Station Passenger Numbers in London.,99,3.10 柱图审图技巧, 关键是“比较”&“对比”找出s
35、imilarity & difference既要横向总结所有柱状图的共性特征，又要分别描写 各个柱形的个性特征,100,3.11 柱图的写作技巧, 单柱 如果是以时间为横轴的话，就写一下趋势 如果是以组为横轴，则直接写。 多柱 如果数据比较多，就取几个最大或者最小的就行， 也就是说在比较的过程中想要拿到想要的结果就要 找对比鲜明的那一对。把对比最鲜明的几个柱子描 述清楚，其他的可以一带而过。,101,3.12 柱图的重难点,当图中出现多于20个柱,102,3.13 柱形图的常用单词,线图 派图,103,3.14 柱形图的常用句型,The bar chart illustrates that.
36、According to the bar chart, . From the bar chart, we can see clearly that. It is clear/apparent from the chart that. The bar chart depicts 描述(that) the bar chart leads us to the conclusion结论 that.,104,The graph below shows the different modes of transport used to travel to and from work in one Europ
37、ean city in 1960, 1980 and 2000.,105,P1,The graph below shows the different modes of transport used to travel to and from work in one European city in 1960, 1980 and 2000. 题目 The bar graph shows the changing patterns in commuting by train, car, tube or bus for commuters in one European city in the y
38、ears 1960, 1980 and 2000.,106,P2,The number of people using trains at first rose from just under 20% in 1960 to about 26% in 1980, but then fell back to about 23% in 2000.,107,P3,Use of the tube was relatively stable, falling from around 27% of commuters in 1960 to 22% in 1980, but climbing back to
39、reach 25% by 2000.,108,P4,On the other hand, the use of cars increased steadily from just over 5% in 1960 to 23% in 1980, reaching almost 40% by 2000, whereas the popularity of buses has declined since 1960, falling from just under 35% in 1960 to 27% in 1980 and only 15% in 2000.,109,P5,The graph in
40、dicates the growing use of cars for commuting to work between 1960 - 2000, and the continued decline in the popularity of buses from being the most popular mode of transport in 1960 to the least popular in 2000.,110,The charts below show the main reasons for study among students of different age gro
41、ups and the amount of support they received from employers.,111,The table below shows the figures for imprisonment in five countries between 1930 and 1980.,112,The graph above show information of employment rates across 6 countries in 1995 and 2005.,113,The chart below shows the amount spent on six
42、consumer goods in four European countries.,114,3.15 表格图审图技巧,有时间因素表格：按照时间顺序，转化为更为明了的线图 有地域因素表格：注意横向比较，并根据数值大小对数据进行分类，再抽取较大或较小的典型值进行说明 包含其他因素的表格：分别观察各标准在图表中呈现的特征，然后分别说明,115,3.16 表格图的写作技巧,快速浏览题目中的文字信息，重点关注研究对象、数据类型和时间，明确在主体段的写作中要注意数据类型的变化和时态一致问题 看题目中的表格图形，看图形时也要先看文字说明，包括标题、标注和单位，弄懂数据所代表的信息，而非数据本身 筛选信息，
43、圈定关键数据 整理写作顺序,116,3.17 表格图的重难点,1. 数据繁多而且凌乱，找不出很明显的特征 2. 如何用适当的顺序、结构和衔接方式把表格中体现的特征条理清晰地传达出来 3. 写的时候如何不遗漏信息,117,3.18 表格图的常用单词,118,3.19 表格图的常用句型,119,age,size,number,120,P1,The table demonstrates the data regarding the subway system in six cities, including date opened, kilometers of route and passenger
44、s per year (in millions),121,P2,In terms of date opened, London has the most time-honored (1863) subway system among the six cities while subway system in Los Angeles is the newest one opened in 2001. （最老，最新） Systems in Paris and Tokyo are opened in 1900 and 1927, respectively. 时间顺序 After that, syst
45、ems in Washington DC and Kyoto are opened in 1976 and 1981 differently.,122,As for the size of the railway system, London still ranks the first, meaning it has the longest subway system (384 kilometers) among the six cities, which is roughly twice as large as the system in Paris. （最长）By contrast, su
46、bway system in Kyoto is shorter (11 kilometers) than the others even thought it opened in relatively recent year.（最短） The kilometers of route in Tokyo, Washington DC and Los Angeles are 155, 126 and 28 differently.,123,The third part is passengers per year in millions. More exactly, the top three ar
47、e Tokyo (1927), Paris (1191) and London (775). Underground railway system in Washington DCs has 144 millions passengers per year. Systems in Los Angeless and Kyotos carry fewer passengers per year (50 and 45, respectively).,124,Thus, it can be clearly seen from the table that the subway systems in T
48、okyo and Paris serves for more passengers whereas the systems in Los Angeles and Kyoto carry fewer passengers mainly because of the short route.,125,The table below gives information about changes in modes of travel in England between 1985 and 2000. 剑6 P52,126,对于不同时间同一事物的比较,先相减/相除，后分组哪些是增加，哪些是减少幅度大的
49、与幅度小的分组,127,128,增加的 Car, Long distance bus, Train, Taxi幅度大的 Car +1607减少的 Walking, Bicycle, Local bus幅度大的 Local bus -155,129,P1,The table demonstrates how different modes of travel changed in England in 15 years spanning from 1985 to 2000. In general, the modes are classified into two kinds in terms
50、of average miles travelled per person per year: one enjoyed rising popularity while the other decreasing.,130,P2,The travel modes which gained popularity in the period included cars, long distance buses, trains, taxis and others. Cars remained top among the modes in the 15 years, with its average miles increasing considerably from 3,199 in 1985 to 4,806 in 2000. Long distance buses and taxis seemed to be warmly welcomed by travelers, so average miles travelled in the two modes almost tripled,
