1、,Advanced English Lesson tenThe Sad Young Men Ben,Unit 10,The Sad Young Men by Rod W. Horton & Herbert W. Edwards,Teaching Points,I. Background knowledge II. Introduction to the passage III. Text Analysis IV. Rhetorical devices V. Questions,I. Background Knowledge,A. The Author -Rod W.Horton (1910-)
2、Born in White Plains N.Y.Instructor, New York University,(1937-45)Assistant professor (1945-49)Associate professor (1949-57)Cultural affairs officer (1957-64)Professor, Colorado University (1964-)Visiting professor, University of Brazil (1954-56)Visiting professor, University of Coimbra (1961-64) Pu
3、blications:Backgrounds of American Literary Thought (1952)Backgrounds of European Literature (1954),I. Background Knowledge,B. Some terms: -The Sad Young Men -The Lost Generation -The Beat Generation -The Angry Young Men,The Sad Young Men and The Lost Generation refer to the same group of people. Th
4、e former was created by F. Scott Fitzgerald; the latter, by Gertrude Stein. They were applied to the disillusioned intellectuals and aesthetes of the years following the First World War, who rebelled against former ideals and values, but could replace them only by despair or cynical hedonism.After W
5、WII appeared The Beat Generation in US. It was applied to certain American artists and writers who were popular during the 1950s. During the 1960s “beat” ideas and attitudes were absorbed by other cultural movements, and those who practiced the “beat” life style were called “hippies”.At this time th
6、ere appeared in England a group called The Angry Young Men. This term was applied to a group of English writers of the 1950s whose heroes shared certain rebellious and critical attitudes towards society.,I. Background Knowledge,C. Other literary figures: -Gertrude Stein -E. Hemingway,1. Gertrude Ste
7、in (1874-1946)American author and patron of the arts.A celebrated personality, she encouraged, aided, and influencedthrough her patronage as well as through her writingmany literary and artistic figures. The fifth and youngest child of the Daniel and Amelia Stein family, Gertrude was born on Februar
8、y 3, 1874 into upper middle class surroundings in Allegheny, Pennsylvania. In 1902 she went abroad and from 1903 until her death lived chiefly in Paris. When she was 3 years old the family moved to Vienna and then on to Paris before returning to America in late 1878. “So I was five years old when we
9、 came back to America having known Austrian German and French French, and now American English, a nice world if there is enough of it, and more or less there always is.“,Her father moved the family to Oakland, California soon after their return. Her brother Leo, 2 years her senior, and Gertrude foun
10、d like interests and became close allies through much of their early lives. Gertrude was 8 when she made her first attempt at writing. Reading became an obsession for her beginning with Shakespeare and books on natural history. Gertrudes love affair with words would later reveal itself in her own wo
11、rks. In school she was fascinated with the structuring of sentences. “I suppose other things may be more exciting to others.I like the feeling the everlasting feeling of sentences as they diagram themselves.“,In 1891 her father died suddenly, and the oldest brother Michael assumed the position of ea
12、rning a living for the family. The Steins moved to San Francisco where Gertrude became intrigued by the theater and opera.a passion she would continue after she moved to Baltimore in 1892 to live with a wealthy aunt. “.how strange it was for me coming from a rather desperate inner life I had been li
13、ving for the last few years to a cheerful life of all aunts and uncles.“ Gertrude entered Radcliffe College in 1893. As a student she developed a special philosophical relationship with her teacher, William James. James told her, “I hope you will pardon me if you recognize some features of my ideal
14、student as your own.“,On a particularly nice spring day during final exams in James course she wrote at the top of her paper. “Dear Professor James, I am sorry but really I do not feel a bit like an examination paper in philosophy today.“ The next day she received a postcard from James saying, “I un
15、derstand perfectly how you feel I often feel like that myself.“ and then gave her the highest mark in his course. With philosophy and psychology courses behind her, Gertrude decided on a career in medicine and enrolled at Johns Hopkins University. She later studied medicine in Europe and eventually
16、dismissed the whole idea. Wanderlust had captured her attention as she traveled through Italy, Germany, and England.living for awhile with brother Leo in London.,She returned to America to live with friends in New York. It was here that she wrote her first novel “Q.E.D.“. It would, for some reason,
17、be lost for 30 years and not be published until 4 years after her death under the title of “Things As They Are“. Leo Stein moved to Paris and took up residence at 27 Rue de Fleurus. Gertrude joined him in 1904, and would not touch foot upon American soil again for 30 years. soon becoming a legend in
18、 her own time. Steins best known works are: Three Lives (1909), The Making of Americans (1925), Autobiography of Alive B. Toklas (1933).,2. Ernest Hemingway,Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961)American novelist and short story writer, one of the great American writers of the 20th century.,His fiction focuse
19、s on people living essential, dangerous lives soldiers, fishermen, athletes, bullfighters who meet the pain and difficulty of their existence with stoic courage. His celebrated literary style, influenced by Ezra Pound and Gertrude Stein, is direct, terse and often monotonous, yet particularly suited
20、 to his elemental subject matter.,During World War I he served as an ambulance driver in France and in the Italian infantry and was wounded just before his 19th birthday. Later, while working in Paris as correspondent for the Toronto Star, he became involved with the expatriate circle surrounding Ge
21、rtrude Stein. With the publication of The Sun Also Rises (1926), he was recognized as the spokesman of the “lost generation”.,During the Spainish Civil War, Hemingway served as a correspondent on the loyalist side; from this experience came his great novel, For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940).Hemingway f
22、ought in World War II and then settled in Cuba in 1945. His novelette The Old Man and the Sea (1952) celebrates the indomitable courage of an aged Cuban fisherman.,In 1954, Hemingway was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature.Owing to ill health and diminishing mental faculties, in July 1961, he comm
23、mitted suicide by shooting himself.,II. Words and Expressions,1. romanticize(L2, P1) vt.使浪漫化, 使传奇化romantically adv.浪漫地romanticism n.浪漫精神, 浪漫主义romanticist n.浪漫主义者romanza n.浪漫曲, 叙事短诗, 抒情短诗,Words and expressions,2. speakeasy (L7, P1)- a place where alcoholic drinks are sold illegally during Prohibition
24、. 3. Puritan morality (L7, P1)- extreme or excessive strictness in matters of morals. Strict Puritans even regarded drinking, gambling and participation in theatrical performances as punishable offences. 4. flask-toting(L10, P1) - adj. always carrying a small flask filled with whisky or other strong
25、 liquor.,Words and expressions,5. sheik (L10, P1)- a masterful man to whom women are supposed to be irresistibly attracted 6. flapper(L11, P1) - (colloq.) a young woman considered bold and unconventional in actions and dress. 7. drugstore cowboy (L11, P1)- a western movie extra who loafs in front of
26、 drugstores between pictures,Words and expressions,8. Victorian(L1, P3) - showing the middle-class respectability, prudery, bigotry, etc. generally attributed to Victorian England over which Queen Victoria ruled (1837-1901)9. Bohemian (L5, P4)- a person, especially an artist, poet, etc. who lives in
27、 an unconventional, nonconforming way,Words and expressions,10. Prohibition(L12, P4)- the forbidding by law of the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic liquors for beverage purposes (the period of 1920-1933), the prohibition by Federal law.11. jingoism(L7, P5)n.主战论, 武力外交政策,沙文主义,侵略主义jin
28、goist n.沙文主义者, 侵略主义者jingo n.沙文主义者,Words and expressions,12. soap opera (L15, P5) - a daytime radio or television serial drama of a highly melodramatic, sentimental nature. It has been so called since many original sponsors were soap companies. 13. Greenwich Village(L1, P7) - section of New York City
29、, on the lower west side of Manhattan; noted as a center for artists, writers, etc. 14. Babbittry(L9, P7)- (after George Babbitt, title character of a satirical novel by Sinclair Lewis) a smugly conventional person interested chiefly in business and social success and indifferent to cultural values.
30、n. 市侩作风、庸俗之人Philistine n. (中东古国)腓力斯人, 仇敌, 俗气的人; adj. 俗气的, 无教养的,Words and expressions,15. fast(L7, P8) - adj. living in a reckless, wild, dissipated way 16. boobery (L12, P9)- same as Babbittry, smug, self-satisfied, conformist in cultural mattersn. 愚人之统称, 愚笨; booby: n. 呆子, 傻瓜 17. keep up with the Jo
31、neses (L22, P9)- strive to get all the material things ones neighbors or associates have.,III. Introduction to the Text,1. Type of literature a piece of expositive writing 2. Main ideaexplaining a period in American history; it focuses on attitudes, revolt of the young peopledisappointed and disillu
32、sioned writers and artists, back from World War I (1914-1918), once lived abroad as expatriates, later returned voluntarily. They were called Lost Generation because they were critical and rebellious. However, they never lost because they were creative and productive.,3. The theme“ The intellectuals
33、 of the twenties, the sad young men, cursed their luck but didnt die; escaped but voluntarily returned; flayed the Babbitts but loved their country, and in so doing gave the nation the liveliest, freshest, most stimulating writing in literary experience.” 4. Clear and simple structural organization
34、- P. 1 : introducing the subject - P. 2-9: supporting and developing the thesis - P. 10-11: bringing the discussion to an end,IV. Text Analysis,1. Identifying and understanding Americanisms in this essay -speakeasy -sheik -flask-toting-drugstore cowboy -flapper -Babbittry-soap opera-fast-boobery,2.
35、Effective Writing Skills1). Effective use of topic sentences 2). Developing a new but related aspect of the thought stated in the thesis in each paragraph or paragraph unit. 3. Rhetorical Devices1). metaphor 2). personification 3). metonymy 4). transferred epithet,4. Special Difficulties1). Prefixes
36、 “-un” and “-in” (-im, -il, -ir) bearing a negative meaning 2). Paraphrasing some sentences 3). Identifying figures of speech,V. Detailed Study of the Text,Part I Paragraph 1 Sentence 1: sensationally romanticized: (This so-called problem) was treated in a passionate, idealized manner to shock thril
37、l and rouse the interest of people. paraphrase: After World War I, during the 1920s, every aspect of life in U. S. was commented upon, but people comment upon the Rebellion of the Younger Generation more than all the other aspects. People treated it very romantically and sensationally.,Sentence 2: 1
38、).The slightest mentionby the young: middle aged: Middleaged people lived through the Twenties so they can recall what life was like then. the young: The young people have only heard about all this and were very curious about the lives of young people of another generation. nostalgic, curious: Both
39、are transferred epithets. They really modify “the middle-aged” and “the young” respectively. paraphrase: At the very mention of this post-war period, middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly and young people become curious and start asking all kinds of questions.,2). memories of country
40、road: These are the recollections of the nostalgic middle-aged.deliciously illicit thrill: A visit to a speakeasy, a very enjoyable and exciting action, was prohibited because these places sold alcoholic drinks illegally.Puritan morality: excessive strictness in matters of morals. Strict Puritans ev
41、en regarded drinking, gambling and participation in theatrical performances as punishable offences.fashionable experimentations in amour: trying out new ways of lovemaking as everyone was doing at that time parked sedan: in a sedan car parked on lonely country roads,3). questions aboutdrugstore cowb
42、oy: Some of the questions asked by curious young people.naughty:mildly indecentjazzy: (a party) playing jazz musicsheik: a masterful man to whom women are supposed to be irresistibly attracted moral and stylistic vagaries: odd and eccentric dress and conduct flapper:in the 1920s, a young woman consi
43、dered bold and unconventional in action and dress drugstore cowboy: a western movie extra who loafs in front of drugstores between pictures,Sentence 5: The answers to suchjazz-mad youth.1). The answers to such “ yes” and “no”: paraphrase: People cannot give a simple “yes” or “no” answer to such ques
44、tions. They should be answered with both “yes” and “no” because of necessity.2). “yes”Problem: paraphrase: During the process when children grow up to become adults, there always exists a Younger Generation Problem. In this sense the answer must be “yes”.,3). “no” jazzmad youth: see in perspective:
45、to view or judge things or events in a way that show their true relations to one another. degeneration: moral corruption, depravity jazzmad: blindly and foolishly fond of jazz music paraphrase: When looking back now to those days and view things in their true relations to one another, we see that th
46、e social behavior of the young people was not very wild, irresponsible, and immoral. Their behavior was far from being as sensational as the degeneration of jazzmad youth. Therefore, in this sense, the answer must be “no”.,Paragraph 2 Sentence 1: paraphrase: In fact, the revolt of the young people w
47、as a necessary and expected consequence of the conditions that existed in this period of history.Sentence 2: paraphrase: We must remember that the revolt of the young did not take place only in the U. S., but affected all the countries in the Western world. Their revolt was the result of World War I
48、the biggest and most serious war in a hundred years.,Sentence 3: 1). It was reluctantlyor tradition: subconscious: occurring without conscious perception, or with only slight perception, on the part of the individual tradition: stories, beliefs, customs, etc., handed down orally from generation to g
49、eneration paraphrase: Some people in the U.S. fully understood, though unwillingly, that the U.S. should no longer remain isolated politically or in matters of social customs and practices. If these people did not state their views openly, at least, they understood it subconsciously.,2). We had reac
50、hedbordering oceans:reach international stature: to develop and grow into a nation respected and esteemed by all other nations in the world provincial: narrow in outlook/views, limited like that of rural provinces. Here the word means narrow like that of a single countrythe U.Sparaphrase: metaphor,
51、comparing “provincial morality” to “artificial walls”. We have become a world power so we can no longer in our action just follow the principles of right and wrong as accepted in our own country, nor can we remain isolated geographically protected by the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. In other words, the U.S. can no longer pursue a policy of isolationism.,
