1、英汉比较,Translate the following sentences:,误：聪明人从不犯错误。,正：无论怎样聪明的人也难免犯错误。,1.It is a wise man that never makes mistakes.,2.It was not until years afterwards that he heard of Semmelweis.,误：没过几年他就听到了Semmelweis的消息。,正：直到数年之后他才听到Semmelweis的消息。,3.All the answers are not right.,误：所有答案都不对。,正：答案并非全对。,4.We cannot
2、estimate the value of modern science too much.,误：我们不能过高地估计现代科学的价值。,正：对现代科学的价值无论如何重视也不过分。,5.After the failure of his last novel, his reputation stands on slippery grounds.,他的上部小说失败之后，声誉一落千丈。,Translate the following story.Such a Long DogOnce there was a blind. One day when he was walking, he stepped t
3、he head of the dog who was sleeping. The dog barked for a while. The blind man went on for miles, this time he stepped the other dogs tail, so this dog barked. The blind man had thought that it was the first dog, so he said in surprise, “ Its a wonder that the dog is so long.,Ten Structural Differen
4、ces BetweenEnglish and Chinese,1.综合性与分析性 synthetic vs analytic,英语属综合语，其标志为较多的曲折变化形式；汉语为分析性语言，靠助词（如“着”、“了”、“过”、“就”等）及副词来体现时态、时体等句法关系。e.g.He had to quit the position and went into exile, having been deprived of his power.他被剥夺了权利之后，只好离职，去异国流亡。,Money is only a kind of tool, which is mastered by people b
5、ut not masters people; and money is only a ruler, which measures value but not personality. So, try to rethink your idea, and dont rush about for money all day. Money, without it equals to without right to survive; Pursuing it means losing the meaning of life.（中级笔译练习）,Frances government on Wednesday
6、 asked a health watchdog(健康监管机构） to carry out a probe, possibly leading to EU（欧盟） suspension（暂停） of a genetically-modified corn（转基因玉米）, after a study in rats linked the grain to cancer.,法国政府本周三要求健康监管机构开展针对转基因玉米的一项调查，这有可能导致欧盟暂停进口这种转基因玉米。此前一项研究表明，转基因玉米会使实验鼠患上肿瘤。,那独眼的小伙子看他老爸被数落了，低下头偷笑，老烟头咳嗽了一声，又敲了那独眼的少
7、年一记头棍：“你笑个啥？碰到血尸，可大可小，上次你二公就是在洛阳挖到这东西，结果现在还疯疯癫癫的，都不知道着了什么道。等一下我先下去，你跟在我后面，二伢子你带个土耗子殿后，三伢子你就别下去了，四个人都下去，想退都来不及退，你就拉着土耗子的尾巴，我们在里面一吆喝你就把东西拉出来。” 盗墓笔记,2.聚集与流散 compact vs. diffusive,英语句式紧密,有大量的连词、介词在句与句之间衔接，少用动词；汉语句式松散，句与句之间常没有连接成分、惯用动词和短句。e.g.Marys kindly and gentle nature could not but revolt at her fri
8、ends callous behavior.玛丽心地善良，性情温和，对她朋友这种没有心肝的行为，实在看不顺眼。,They found simple measures of physical capability like shaking hands, walking, getting up from a chair and balancing on one leg were related to life span, even after accounting for age, sex and body size. The study is the first to provide a com
9、prehensive view of the existing research by pooling data from 33 studies.,他们发现，即使把年龄、性别和体型这些因素都考虑在内，一些衡量体力的简单指标，例如握手、走路、从椅子上站起来，以及单腿平衡，这些行动能力也都与寿命相关。这一研究从33个研究中收集了资料，首次对现有研究进行了综述。,那年纪最小的少年看样子平日挨过不少揍，一看他二哥真火了，就吓得不敢吭声了，直望着他爹求救，怎料他爹已经去收拾家伙去了。他二哥这下得意了：“你何什咯样不带爱相啰，这次老头子也不帮你，你要再吆喝，我拧你个花麻鸡！”,3.形合与意合 hypota
10、ctic vs. paratactic,英语的各类语句的关系靠严密的句法来衔接，井然有序，多用意思连接的累积的分句或独立分句；汉语的句式不靠句法上的衔接，主要靠内在的逻辑关系，讲究“不言而喻”。e.g.Let everybody share the food if there is any.有饭大家吃。,The US has tumbled(跌落） further down a global ranking of the worlds most competitive economies, landing at fifth place because of its huge deficits
11、（赤字）and declining public faith in government, a global economic group said Wednesday.,近日，日方在钓鱼岛问题上不断挑起事端，是对中国领土主权的严重侵犯。中国海监依法在钓鱼岛海域开展例行维权巡航，行使了我对钓鱼岛及其附近海域的行政管辖。,霍家老太和小花一起出去夹喇嘛.现在霍家老太一行人都没回来，他回来了。我立即明白了小花所谓的困境。霍家老太有几个儿子，他们之间肯定会有家产问题，一方面要一致对外，另一方面又要比谁对霍家老太更重视，他们质问小花的严厉度就是表明自己孝顺的指标。解家和霍家的关系本来就很微妙，现在这么一
12、来，一定会演变到剑拔弩张的地步。,4.繁复与简明 complex vs. simplex,英语句子讲究长而复杂；汉语句子讲究短而简练。e.g.A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor became the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of Beat Generation, a real phenomenon in
13、 the late fifties. 50年代后期的美国出现了一个真正的奇观：穷知识分子以“垮掉的一代”这种颇为浪漫的姿态出现而成为美国的典型的穷人。当时大批大学毕业生被赶进了知识分子平民窟。,这几天心里颇不宁静。今晚在院子里坐着乘凉，忽然想起日日走过的荷塘，在这满月的光里，总该另有一番样子吧。月亮渐渐地升高了，墙外马路上孩子们的欢笑，已经听不见了；妻在屋里拍着闰儿，迷迷糊糊地哼着眠歌。我悄悄地披了大衫，带上门出去。,5.物称与人称 impersonal vs. personal,英语多用非人称词类作主语；汉语多用人称代词作主语。e.g.1.Excitement deprived me of
14、all power of utterance. 我兴奋得说不出话来。,2.His failure to observe the safety regulations brought an accident to the machine. 他没有遵守安全规程,导致机器出现了故障。 3.His new book hits off the American temperament with amazing insight. 他在新作中对美国人性格的描写入木三分。 4.1980 saw the successful launching of Chinas first intercontinental
15、guided missile. 1980年,中国成功地发射了第一枚洲际导弹。 5.The city witnessed the outbreak of the armed up rising. 武装起义在这个城市爆发了。,Translate the following story,The lion in love A lion once fell in love with a beautiful girl, so he went to her parents and asked them to marry her to him. The old parents did not know wha
16、t to say. They did not like the idea of giving their daughter to the lion, but they did not want to enrage the king of beasts. At last the father said, “We are glad to marry our daughter to you, but we fear that you might possibly hurt her. So if you remove your claws and teeth, we will give her to
17、you.“ The lion loved the girl very much, so he trimmed his claws and took out his big teeth. When he came to the parents again, they simply laughed in his face, and beat him out of their house.,6.被动与主动 passive vs. active,英语好用被动语态；汉语多用主动结构（包括主动句和自动句）。e.g.Diplomatic relations have been established bet
18、ween China and the United States of America.中美已经建立了外交关系。,1. The little cares, fears, tears, doubts,sleep less fancies of which I dont know how many days and nights, were forgotten under one moments influence of Georges irresistible smile.不知有多少个日日夜夜,她牵肠挂肚,担惊受怕,哭脸抹泪,疑神疑鬼,胡思乱想,夜不能寐。如今,这种种小小的烦恼经乔治迷人的一笑,
19、顷刻间烟消云散了。,2.他常被派做这项工作. He is often sent to do this work. 3.你叫雨淋湿了.You have been wetted in the rain. 4.这孩子昨天挨来了一顿批评. The boy was criticized yesterday. 5.我们的衣服给汗水湿透了. Our clothes were soaked with sweat. 6.东西受潮了. The things have been affected with damp. 7.他们去年遭了灾. They were hit by a natural calamity la
20、st year.,7.静态与动态 static vs. dynamic,英语多用静态表达；汉语多用动态表达。 e.g.1.My little brother is a better teacher than I.我的小弟弟比我教得好。,2.The man who is above his business may one day find his business above him.不屑于干自己工作的人,终会有一天发现自己不配干那份工作。3.I am doubtful whether she is still alive.我怀疑她是否还活着。4.He is a green hand.他初出茅
21、庐,没有什么经验。5.Im afraid he is out, but hell be in soon.恐怕他出去了,但是他很快会回来。,8.抽象与具体 abstract vs. concrete,英语多用抽象概念；汉语多用具体措辞。 e.g.The sight of the big tree always reminds me of my childhood.一看到那棵大树，我就会想到童年的情景。,absence access age agriculture anger beauty behavior cancer capacity childhood comfort concern con
22、fidence courage death democracy depression design duty economy education energy environment evil existence experience failure faith fashion fear finance freedom fun growth happiness health help history independence industry insurance intelligence joy justice labour loneliness love luck magic marriag
23、e mercy music nature patience peace philosophy pleasure policy poverty power pride protection purity reality relief religion respect safety security silence sleep strength status technology time trade training transport travel trust truth violence waste wealth weather welfare work worth youth,1.We h
24、ave a great respect for the professor.我们很尊重教授。2.What are the principles of democracy? A true democracy allows free speech. 什么民主的原则? 真正的民主国家允许有言论自由。3.Its beyond my power to help you.我没有能力帮助你。 4.The great powers held an international conference. 这些大国开了一次国际会议。 5.Religion meant more and more to her. The
25、re are many religions in the world. 宗教对她变得越来越重要。 世界上有许多种宗教信仰。,9.间接与直接 indirect vs. direct,英语多用间接肯定、否定；汉语多用直接肯定、否定。 e.g.He cant see you quick enough.他很想尽快和你见面。,1.If people keep telling you to quit smoking cigarettes, dont listen-Theyre probably trying to trick you into living. 这是一则公益广告，受众很容易就能推断出其“言外
26、之意”：戒烟有利于健康。 2.We are having problems with guests who wont leave. 这是一则旅馆广告，这则广告不是直接表达而是以间接言语行为表达商家的意图：我的旅馆太棒了，旅客住下来就不走了。其语言通过含蓄的方式表达出来，给受众提供了想象的空间。 3.Isnt it time for your life to be easier?（电脑广告） “难道这不是让您的生活变得更为轻松的时候么？”这则广告用间接的表达式反问句来传达这样一个意思：这个品牌的电脑会让你的生活简单方便。,The furthest distance in the world is
27、 not between life and death but when I stand in front of you yet you dont know thatI love you The furthest distance in the world is not when I stand in font of you yet you cant see my love but when undoubtedly knowing the love from both yet cannot be togehter,The furthest distance in the world is no
28、t being apart while being in love but when plainly can not resist the yearning yet pretending you have never been in my heart The furthest distance in the world is not but using ones indifferent heart to dig an uncrossable river for the one who loves you,世界上最遥远的距离，不是生与死而是我就站在你的面前，你却不知道我爱你世界上最遥远的距离，不
29、是我站在你面前，你却不知道我爱你而是明明知道彼此相爱，却不能在一起世界上最遥远的距离，不是明明知道彼此相爱，却不能在一起而是明明无法抵挡这股思念，却还得故意装作丝毫没有把你放在心里世界上最遥远的距离，不是明明无法抵挡这股思念，却还要故意装作丝毫没有把你放在心里，而是用自己冷漠的心对爱你的人掘了一条无法跨越的沟渠,10.英语前重心与汉语后重心,英语头重脚轻，先总结，再加以阐述汉语句首开放，句尾封闭。e.g.I was all the more delighted when, as a result of the initiative of your government, it proved p
30、ossible to reinstate the visit so quickly.由于贵国政府的提议，才得以这样迅速地进行这次访问，这使我感到特别高兴。,It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.,因此, 如果要使学生充分利用他们(上大学)的机会, 就得为他们提供大量关于
31、课程的更为详尽的信息, 作更多的指导。这个问题显得越来越重要了。,“文革”期间，由于我国的外交工作人员疏忽而导致一场巨大的外交事故的发生，此事件被周恩来认为是新中国建国以来的特大外交丑闻。,People were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else.,尽管警察已接到命令, 要作好准备以应付紧急情况,但因为警察也和
32、其他人一样不知所措和无能为力，人们不敢出门。,Exercises 1,1.My conscience told me that I deserved no extraordinary politeness. 2.口试时，问了十个问题，她全都答对了。 3.The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps. 4.Very soon he was surrounded by a crowd and was snowed under with questions. 5.Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as
33、 of admiration.,1.My conscience told me that I deserved no extraordinary politeness. 凭良心讲，如此礼貌有加，我真受之有愧。2.口试时，问了十个问题，她全都答对了。 She was asked ten questions in the oral examination and answered every one of them correctly.,3.The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps. 我走在厚厚的地毯上，一点脚步声也没有。4.Very so
34、on he was surrounded by a crowd and was snowed under with questions. 一群人立刻把他围住了，向他提出一个又一个问题。5.Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration.无知是恐惧的根源，也是倾慕的根源。,Exercise 2,I had experienced oxygen and/or engine trouble. 我曾经遇到的情况，不是氧气设备出故障，就是引擎出故障，或两者都出故障。,They dare say no to the superpower.
35、他们敢于反对那个超级大国。 他们敢于对那个超级大国说不。They said a sharp no to our proposals. 他们断然拒绝我们的建议。,When flying over Nepal, its easy to soar in your imagination and pretend youre tiny-a butterfly - and drifting above one of those three-dimensional topographical maps architects use, the circling contour lines replaced b
36、y the terraced rice paddies that surround each high ridge.,Nepal is a small country, and from the windows of our plane floating eastward at 12,000 feet, one can see clearly the brilliant white mirage of the high Himalayas thirty miles of the left window. Out the right window, the view is of three or
37、 four high terraced ridges giving sudden way to the plains of India beyond.,Three were few roads visible below, most transportation in Nepal being by foot along ancient trails that connect and bind the country together. There is also a network of dirt airstrips, which was fortunate for me, as I had
38、no time for the two-and-a-half week trek to my destination. I was no a flight to the local airport.,飞机飞越尼泊尔上空时。你很容易天马行空起来，假想自己很渺小-像只蝴蝶-在建筑师所使用的某个三维地形图上方漂浮着，在这里，地形图一圈圈的轮廓线变成了环绕高耸的山脊成阶梯状的稻田。,尼泊尔是个小国。我们的飞机在12000英尺的高空向东飞去。从左边的机窗望去，你能清晰地看到30英里开外的高耸的喜马拉雅山的耀眼的白色蜃景。靠右边的机窗外是三、四条成梯状的高耸山脊，再往远处突然之间成了印度平原。飞机下面看不这几条公路。尼泊尔的交通方式以步行为主，人们沿着连接整个国家的古老小径行走着。尼泊尔也有一个土筑的飞机场网络，这对我来说很幸运，因为我没时间长途跋涉两周半的时间到达我的目的地。我在飞往当地机场的飞机上。,
