1、 高中英语语法大全第 11 章 句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语、独立成分。1、主语主语是一个句子的主题。主语的位置陈述句中，一般在一句之首。They managed to rescue all the people in the flood.疑问句、倒装句中，一般在助动词、情态动词和动词之后。Up went the arrow into the air.Why do they move and burn more of the forest?Not only will help be given to people who are
2、 disabled to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.祈使句中，往往省略。Take this money and buy yourself some more books.（句首省略了 you）There be 结构中，在 be 之后。Around the area of Aswanthere are a lot of important old temples , which date from about 1250 BC.2、谓语谓语在句子中说明主语的动作，主语具
3、有的特征或所处的状态。（1）由简单动词构成的谓语They started to use English, but they also brought in some words from their own languages.（2）由动词短语构成的谓语Dr. Manette realized that the sister must have been very badly treated.3、表语表语说明主语的身份、特征、类别、状态等情况，它位于连系动词之后，与之构成所谓的系表结构。表语的位置通常位于连系动词之后，但下列情况下，置于连系动词之前。为了强调表语。In the north is
4、Scotland, with its capitalEdinburgh. 北面是苏格兰，首都是爱丁堡。由 How/What 引出的感叹句中What a curious hotel it was!某些让步状语从句中Child as the boy was, he knew what was the right thing to do.“the+比较级，the+比较级结构中”。The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes. 英语你听得越多，就越容易听懂。4、宾语宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语。宾语表示法名词用作宾语。Bob asked al
5、l the airlines to fly the pop stars for free.代词用作宾语。It picked it up in its mouth and carried it into the bushes.数词用作宾语。Canadacovers six of the worlds 24 time areas.名词化的形容词用作宾语。Shes always helping the poorer than herself.副词用作宾语。Since then the number of milu deer there has greatly increased.不定式用作宾语I j
6、ust didnt wish to put you to the trouble of changing a large note.动名词作宾语或名词化分词（主要是过去分词）作宾语When she had finished listening to the news, Mrs.Cousins turned off the radio.句子用作宾语I suggest that you choose someone who you think is kind and friendly.直接宾语和间接宾语可具有这种双宾语的及物动词有：bring, fetch, give, hand, leave,
7、lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, read, refuse, show, sing, teach, tell, write, buy, find, get, make, envy, return, sell 等。I dont envy you your job.5、补足语补足语是一种补足主语和宾语的意义的句子成分。用作补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、不定式（短语）、分词（短语）、介词短语等。He persuaded other people to provide money or to give help.I think youll find these mate
8、rials much better and much more suitable.The lion could still be seen in the bushes eating the meat.This song is thought to be most popular.6、定语定语用来修饰名词或代词，说明人或物的状态、品质、数量等。定语表示法It was the earliest research centre for agriculture.（形容词用作定语）They had brought a picnic lunch with him.（名词用作定语）Im looking fo
9、r another speaker who could give a talk.（代词用作定语）In 1911,she received a second Nobel Prize for her research, becoming the first person in the world to receive two Nobel prizes.（数词用作定语）The way out lies in the development of education.（副词用作定语）There are plenty of interesting places to visit.（不定式用作定语）Eve
10、rybody was at his fighting post.（动名词用作定语）By the end of the year, the total money collected had come to over 92 million dollars, all of which were sent to Africa.（分词用作定语）I know a woman whose three sons are all soldiers.(句子用作定语)7. 状语状语是指描述被描述对象的状态，包括时间状语，地点状语，方式状语，伴随状语，让步状语等。状语表示法1.副词，如 carefully，例句:h
11、e did his housework carefully2.介词短语,如 in the classroom，例句 he did his homework carefully in the classroom3.非谓语短语，如 seen from the top of the mountain，或者 when facing difficulties，例句 Seen from the top of the mountain，the houses beneath are very smallWhen facing difficulties,w e should keep calm4. 从句，如时间
12、状语从句，地点状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句等例句 He will come back next week when the opening ceremony begins.He will come to the school where he spent his childhood.Although he failed in the exam ,he never gave up his goals.He failed in his exam because he gives up his goals halfway.练习一一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The stude
13、nts got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an Amer
14、ican film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so
15、good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（）、谓语（）、宾语（）：I hope you are very well. Im fine, but tired. Right now it is the
16、 summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north
17、where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesnt often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to wat
18、er the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（）、状语（）、补语（）：Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. It
19、s great! Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I dont, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen h
20、ours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents. 四、选择填空：( )1. _ will leave for Beijing.A. Now there the man B. The man here nowC. The man who is here now D. The man is here now( ) 2. The w
21、eather _.A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold C. not wet and cold D. were wet and cold( ) 3. The apple tasted _.A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet( ) 4. He got up _ yesterday morning.A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter( )5. The actor _at the age of 70.A. dead B. died C. dyed D. deaded( )6. _ we
22、re all very tired, but none of _ would stop to take a rest.A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we( )7. He found the street much _.A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdedly( ) 8.I think _necessary to learn English well.A. its B. it C. that D. that is( ) 9. The dog _ mad.A. looks B. is looked C.
23、is being looked D. was looked( )10.I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.A. that B. when C. in which D. where练习二一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?4. My br
24、other and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.8. What he said at the meeting is very important,
25、isnt it?9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句：I hope you are very well（ ）. Im fine, but tired（ ）. Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm（ ）. August is the hottest month here（ ）. It is the
26、 time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（ ） Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（ ）. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（）. We have a lot of machines on the farm（ ）. Although
27、the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him（ ）. But he employs more men for the harvest（ ）. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（ ）. It doesnt often rain in the summer here（ ）. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden（）. Every evening we pump water from a well（ ）. I
28、t then runs along channels to different parts of the garden（ ）.Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time（ ）. These parties often make us very happy（ ）. We cook meat on an open fire outside（ ）. Its great（ ）! Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion（ ）. Some of my friends
29、 drink beer（ ）. I dont, because I have to drive home after the party（ ）. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States（ ）. There are five different time areas in the States（ ）. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time（ ）. How many different time areas do you h
30、ave in China（ ）? Well, I must stop and get some sleep（ ）. Please give my best regards to your parents（ ）. 练习二三、选择填空：1. Give me one more minute _ Ill be able to finish it.A. and B. or C. if D. so2. Its the third time that John has been late, _?A. hasnt he B. isnt he C. isnt it D. hasnt it3. _ joyful
31、he was to meet his brother again!A. How B. What C. What a D. What an4. Let us pass, _?A. shant we B. shall we C. wont we D. will you5. I suppose hes serious, _ ?A. do I B. dont I C. is he D. isnt he6. You had better not smoke here, _?A. will you B. had you C. shall you D. have you7. Train as hard as
32、 you can _ youll win the swimming competition.A. then B. but C. and D. or8. Im sorry to have to say this, _ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night.A. and B. but C. so D. because9. John has not yet passed the driving test, and _.A. Henry hasnt too B. Henry also has not ei
33、ther C. neither Henry has D. neither has Henry10. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing, _ others enjoy swimming.A. or B. for C. while D. so11. - Do you feel like going out _ would you rather have dinner at home?- Id like to go out. A. or B. and C. but D. so12. - “_ is the t
34、emperature today?” -“Its 38 degrees.”A. Which B. How C. How hot D. How high13. - Your uncle isnt an engineer, is he? - _.A. Yes, he isnt B. No, he isnt C. No, he is D. He is14. _ friendly _ to everyone!A. How, is she B. What, is she C. How, she is D. What, she is15. Mary went to bed early, _ she fel
35、t very tired.A. or B. so C. for D. yet16. Mother _ a dress when she cut her finger.A. was making B. makes C. is making D. made17. He lay in bed _ read something borrowed from library.A. but B. and C. or D. yet18. - Id really like some lunch but I have so much work to do.- _ what you want and I can g
36、et it for you.A. Tell me B. If you would say to me C. You will tell me D. If you tell me19. As he is strong, _ can lift one hundred pounds.A. yet he B. but he C. and D. he20. - I thought you had an umbrella. - I had, _ Ive lost it.A. since B. but C. because D. so21. _ down the radio - the babys asle
37、ep in the next room.A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn22. - I dont like chicken _ fish. - I dont like chicken _ I like fish very much.A. and, and B. and, but C. or, and D. or, but23. - Would you like to come to dinner tonight? - Id like to, _ Im too busy.A. and B. so C. as D. but24. Would you l
38、ike a cup of coffee _ shall we get down to business right away?A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise25. She set out soon after dark _ home an hour later.A. arriving B. to arrive C. having arrived D. and arrived26. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice.A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. ang
39、rily pointed D. and angrily pointed27. She thought I was talking about her daughter, _, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.A. whom B. where C. which D. while28. _ it with me and Ill see what I can do.A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave29. - Alice, you feed the bird today, _? - But
40、 I fed it yesterday.A. do you B. will you C. didnt you D. dont you30. _ him and then try to copy what he does.A. Mind B. Glance at C. Stare at D. Watch四、按要求完成下列句子：1. He dares to tell the truth.（改为否定句）2. They have lived here for more than ten years.（对画线部分提问）3. There will be a sports meet at the end o
41、f this month, _?（完成反意疑问）4. You must be careful with your pronunciation.（改为祈使句）5. They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening.(改为一般疑问句)6. It is an interesting story.（改为感叹句）7. This magazine comes out（出版）every other week.（对画线部分提问）8. They could hardly believe his words, _?（完成反意疑问）9. The moon is
42、shining brightly.（改为感叹句）10.Our English teacher is always encouraging us to speak English in class. （对画线部分提问）练习一：一、1、主语，定语；2、间接宾语；3、谓语，状语；4 、定语；5、状语，状语；6 、定语，表语；7、宾语，状语；8、谓语，主语；9、谓语；10、主语，表语；11、谓语，宾语；12、状语；13 、形式宾语，真正宾语；14 、宾语、定语；15 、插入语，状语；16、宾语(间宾+直宾) ；17、状语，状语；18、形式主语，表语，宾补；19、宾补；20、表语二、略三、略四、15 C
43、BDBB 610 ACBAB练习二：一、1、简单句；2、复合句；3、简单句；4 、简单句；5、并列句；6 、复合句；7、并列句；8、复合句；9 、简单句；10 、简单句二、I hope you are very well（复合句） . Im fine, but tired（简单句）. Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm（并列句）. August is the hottest month here（简单句）. It is the time of year for the rice harves
44、t, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（并列句） Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（简单句）. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（并列复合句）. We have a lot of machines on the farm（简单句）. Although the farm is large, my
45、Dad has only two men working for him（复合句）. But he employs more men for the harvest（简单句）. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（简单句）. It doesnt often rain in the summer here（简单句）. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden（简单句）. Every evening we pump water from a well（简单句）. It then ru
46、ns along channels to different parts of the garden（简单句）.Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time（简单句）. These parties often make us very happy（简单句）. We cook meat on an open fire outside（简单句）. Its great（ 简单句）! Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion（简单句）. Some of my fri
47、ends drink beer（简单句） . I dont, because I have to drive home after the party（复合句）. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States（简单句）. There are five different time areas in the States（简单句）. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time（简单句）. How many different time
48、 areas do you have in China（简单句）? Well, I must stop and get some sleep（简单句）. Please give my best regards to your parents（简单句）.三、15 ACADD 610 BCBDC 1115 ADBCC 1620 ABADB 2125 DDDCD 2630 ADDBD四、1. He doesnt dare to tell the truth. 或 He dare not tell the truth. 2. How long have they lived here? 3. wont there 4. Be careful with your pronunciation. 5. Did they go for a walk after supper yesterday evening? 6. What an interesting story (it is)! 或 How interesting the story is! 7. How often does this magazine
