1、1句子成分句子的基本句型：主语+系动词+表语（主系表）主语+不及物动词+ （其他成分）主语+及物动词+ 宾语（主谓宾）主语+及物动词+ 间接宾语+直接宾语主语+及物动词+ 宾语+宾补你所知道的句子成分有哪些？为什么要学习句子成分？一、可以担任主语的有哪些词或短语？主语是信息表达的出发点，它为理解后面的内容提供了线索和框架。所以主语是一句话的中心，是一个句子所叙述的主体。 主语通常由名词或代词的主格形式来表示，一般位于句首，谓语动词之前。Six and three is nine.The rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poore
2、r. To improve the agricultural land needs a lot of money.Collecting stamps is a good hobby.What he wanted to see was an end to all armies of the world.二、谓语谓语表示主语的行为动作或所处的状态。一个句子主要分两部分，即主语部分和谓语部分。而谓语部分的中心词是限定动词即谓语动词。谓语可分简单谓语和复合谓语两大类。简单谓语有人称和数的变化，有各种时态语态和语气。其形式主要有两种：单个动词和短语动词。复合谓语分为动词性复合谓语和名词性复合谓语。动词性
3、复合谓语有以下四种形式：1 情态动词+动词原形2 动词不定式3 Be +形容词+ 不定式4 动词被动语态+主语补足语名词性复合谓语：系动词+表语谓语主要由两种 ：系动词和实义动词（1）Im going to see a friend of my fathers tomorrow.（2）Soon we all became interested in the subject.三、表语表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语。用来说明主语的身份 类属 特征 状态等系动词有：,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,tur
4、n,become,get,grow,come,go etc系动词不用于被动语态2英语里，可以用作表语的有哪些呢？1、His brother is an engineer.2、These sweets are mine, those are yours.3、Are you excited about your new job?4、Her jobs is raising pigs.（注意体会现在进行时和-ing 分词作表语的区别）5、The price sounds reasonable.6、She is thirty but looks twenty.7、She was up very earl
5、y this morning.8、They are of great help to learners of English.9、I think the best thing you should do is (to) look for another job.10、It was what they had been working so hard to find: pure radium.四、宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.可以作宾语的有哪些呢？Five plus three equals eight.He wanted to have a cup of tea.Th
6、ey enjoy sharing their work experience.We should heal the wounded and save the dying.I hear that the hotels there are very expensive.五、宾语补足语。可以作宾语补足语的有哪些？I find the problem very difficult.He tried hard to make himself understood. (翻译)Many towns and villages had their water supply cut off. (翻译 )We ca
7、n see them flying along the river.The people had considered him to be a great leader.(翻译)He made London the base for his revolutionary work.（翻译）I found John out when I called at his house.(翻译)What make you in such a hurry?六、当含有复合宾语的句子变成被动句时，原来的宾语补足语就成了主语补足语。They will be encouraged to eat healthy foo
8、d.七、定语是名词修饰语。它和名词一起构成名词短语。定语就其与被修饰的中心词的相对位置来讲可以分为前置定语和后置定语。哪些可以作前置定语？哪些可以作后置定语呢？找出下面几个例子中的后置定语。In 1893 New Zealand was the first nation to allow women to vote.I hate to see letters written in pencil.The boy sitting at the desk is called Tom.They are talking about the coming weekend.3Every night, the
9、 man upstairs came back late.Do you get any books about the moon and the stars?We will visit the factory which makes minibus and tracks.八、状语是用来修饰动词 形容词 其他状语或整个句子成分。英语中的状语可以分为：修饰性状语，评注性状语和连接性状语。修饰性状语用来说明句子中谓语动词的动作过程 状态等发生和存在的时间 地点 方式 方法 程度 原因 结果 目的 条件 伴随 让步 比较等。 修饰性状语是谓语的一个组成部分，所以和句子中其他成分关系密切。评注性状语状语
10、在句子中起什么作用？可以用作状语的有哪些呢？找出下列例句中的状语：The doctor looked over Mrs Brown very carefully.We must serve the people heart and soul.(翻译)To everyones surprise, Mr King refused.It is too hot to wear the coat.（翻译）They entered the room, talking and laughing.（翻译）Einstein walked along the street, lost in thought.Giv
11、e more time, I would have done much better.(翻译)Many of the stars cannot be seen because they are too far away.状语按照内容可以分为哪几类？Everyday you can have a apple.We are out picnic under some trees.Having no money, he could not buy the TV set.He stopped to have a look.The book is too difficult for him to rea
12、d.Ill come to see you if I have time.They succeeded in spite of all difficulties.Mr Gao often goes to work by bike.This problem is difficult enough.He is always fond of talking.He entered the room with a book under his arm.应该提到的是，状语在句子中的位置，非常灵活，放在句首、句尾、句中都是有可能的，需要自己仔细体会。找出下列句子中我们还没有说过的句子成分部分。They we
13、re held in Greece - the country in which the games were born.He was not too sure about two things- the grammar and some of the idioms.十、什么是同位语？可以作同位语的有哪些呢？4Theyre both fine too.These handbooks are for you five.He had earned enough money to star his own business, offering guide services to tourists.I
14、 live in the city of Nanjing.These coin were used for the next 2,000 years, that is, from 221 BC until 1916.需要注意的是，同位语和他所说明的词之间，也可以插入其他成分。如：In 1931 the Empire State Building was completed, then the tallest building in the world.We were so excited, my brother and I, that we did not get to sleep until
15、 very late.Weve seen several members of the family since we arrived- my grandfather and my aunt and uncle.本节课最后，说一下独立成分。下面看两个插入语的例子：找出下面两个句子中的插入语：She had not said, however, where it could be found.You see, the school will be expensive to run.（翻译）分析句子成分：I stayed awake until 11:30 one evening in order
16、 to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.Anne named her diary kitty because she thought it was her best friendHe went there to see his mother yesterday.He went there to see his mother ill in hospital by bike yesterday。The situation makes it necessary that our product should be improved.练习
17、一一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.53. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beiji
18、ng.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be hon
19、est; your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（）、谓语（）、宾语（）：I hope you are very well. Im fi
20、ne, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the sout
21、h of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesnt often rain in the summer
22、 here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（）、状语（）、补语（）：Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We coo
23、k meat on an open fire outside. Its great! Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I dont, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the Sta
24、tes. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents. 一、1、主语，定语；2、间接宾语；3、谓语，状语；4、定语；5、状语，状语；6、定语，表语；7、宾语，状语；8、谓语，主语；9、谓语；10、主语，表语；11、谓语，宾语；12、状语；13、形式宾语，真正宾语；14、宾语、定语；15、插入语，状语；16、宾语(间宾+直宾) ；17、状语，状语；18、形式主语，表语，宾补；19、宾补；20、表语
