1、第 6 章 项目质量管理1Which of the following methods is used to provide a standard to measure performance?A) Benehmarking B) Sampling C) Estimating D) Leveling以下哪一种方法提供了一种衡量绩效的标准?A) 基准法。 B) 抽样法。 C) 估算法。 D) 平衡法。2A team mctuber notices the project manager that a quality measurement to the project can not be me
2、tWhat should the proiect manager do?A) Notify management B) Hold a team meetingC) Look for aIternative ways to meet the quality level D) Ask nlanagement tp colne up with options一个项目组成员通知项目经理，项目的一个质量标准不能被满足。项目经理应该如何去做?A) 通知管理层。 B) 召开一个项目组会议。C) 寻找满足质量标准的替代方案。 D) 请管理层作出选择。3If two events can not both oc
3、cur in a single trial，they are A) false events B) mutually exclusive C) statistically independent D) just in time如果两个事件不能在同一试验中发生，它们是 。A) 错误事件 B) 互斥的 C) 统计独立的 D) 零库存管理(JIT) 4A project team is in the design stage of a new mountain bike prototypeThe team is in the process of identifying which type of
4、frame and material will provide high perfornlance at a low costWhich of the following is the MOST likely technique used to determine these variables?A) Benefit/cost analysis B) Ishikawa diagram C) Design of experiments D) System flow chan项目组处在一种新型山地自行车的原型设计阶段。项目组正在识别哪种结构和原料会提供高质量和低成本的产品。以下哪一项是确定这些变量
5、的最可能的技术?A) 收益成本分析。 B) 鱼骨图。 C) 实验设计。 D) 系统流程图。5When it appears that a design error will interfere with meeting technical performanee objectives，the PREFERRED response is to A) decreflse the performance value to equal the amssed valueB) develop alternative solutions to the problemC) increase the speci
6、fied value to set a new performance goalD) reduce the overall technical complexity of the project当一个设计错误影响到技术性能目标的满足时，最好的应对方案是 。A) 降低绩效标准值使之等于评估结果值 B) 确定解决问题的替代方案C) 提高规定值以建立新的绩效目标 D) 降低项目整体的技术复杂度6Pareto analysis，canse and efleet，and flow charts are all too1s used in quality A) contro1 B) benchmarkin
7、g C) planning D) verification帕累托分析、因果关系、流程图等工具应用于质量 。A) 控制 B) 标杆 C) 计划 D) 核实7All of the following are true quality statemens except：A) Quality improvement depends upon better definltion and increased awareness of the requlrements/specmcatjonsB) Project quality management must address both management
8、 of the project and the product of the projectC) Recognition of key actions required of each team member is necessary to meet quality objectivesD) Computer-aided design systems can improve quality，but only at the expense of an increase in the cost of design下列各项关于质量的说法都是正确的，除了： A) 质量改进依赖于更好的定义和对需求/规格
9、的理解。B) 项目质量管理必须说明项目管理和项目产品。C) 要求每个团队成员认清关键活动对满足质量目标而言是必要的。D) 计算机辅助设计系统可以改进质量，唯一的损失是增加了设计成本。8Learning curve theory emphasizes that in producing many goods， A) cost decreases as production rates increaseB) average unit cost decreases as more units are producedC) materials become cheaper when they are
10、purchased in bulkD) Laborers beeome more productive because of technological advances学习曲线理论强调在生产大量产品时， 。A) 成本减少，生产率增加 B) 随着更多单位的产出，平均单位成本减少C) 由于大量采购，材料会变得便宜 D) 因为技术的改进，劳动力会更有生产效率9A fundamental tenet of modern quality management holds that quality is most likely to be achieved by A) planning it into
11、the project B) developing careful mechanisms to inspect for qualityC) striving to do the best job possible D) conducting quality circle activities现代质量管理的基本原则是质量最有可能通过 获得。A) 将质量规划到项目内 B) 设计详细的质量检查机制C) 争取把工作做得更好 D) 执行质量圈活动10The primary driver behind the demand for continual quality improvement is A) a
12、n inerease in the number of the projects being workedB) widespread public interest in government cost improvement reports C) the Drevaknce of media reports on quality circles and other quality improvementD) the need to reduce the cost and ensure the performance of products对持续质量改进的需求的主动力是 。A) 正在进行中的项
13、目数目的增加 B) 在政府成本改善报告中发布的公众利益C) 关于质量圈和其他质量改进的媒体报告的流行 D) 降低成本、确保产品性能稳定的需要11Tools and techniques of quality control include all of the following EXCEPT： A) Flowcharting B) PareTo chart C) Control charts D) Estimates of control tendencv下列哪项不是质量控制过程包含的工具和技术?A) 流程图。 B) 帕累托图。 C) 控制图。 D) 控制趋势估算。12 “Design of
14、 experiments”is a statistical nclethod that helps A) determine how various elements of a system interrelateB) identify which factors may influence specific variables of a product or processC) establish a standard by which to measure performanceD) compare actual or planned project practices to those
15、of other projects实验设计是一种统计学方法，用来 A) 判断一个系统中不同的元素如何相互关联B) 识别在产品或过程中哪些因素可能影响特定的变量C) 建立一种标准，用来测量绩效D) 将实际的或计划的项目实践与其他项目比较13An early version of one of WEdward Demings 14 points encouragcd companies to“cease dependence on mass inspection by building quality into the product in the first place”Deming state
16、d that，typically，products are inspected as they come off the line or at major stagesDefective products are either thrown out or reworkedBoth options are expensiveThis approach，in effect，meant that companies would pay workers to make defects and then correct themDenting later recognized the value of
17、inspections and revised the point to say that people should“understand the purpose of inspection ”He said， “Inspections must be carried out in a professional way，not by lick-spit methods ”This supports the PMBOK，which indicates that inspections can be used to determine whether results conform to req
18、uirementsInspections also may be called A) control tests B) walk through C) statistical sampling D) checklists爱德华戴明的 14 点理论的早期版本鼓励公司应该“在产品生产时就严把质量关，减少大量的产品检验工作”。戴明说，产品的质量检验一般是在其刚下生产线或生产的主要阶段进行的。有缺陷的产品要么扔掉，要么返工，这两种选择的代价都是很昂贵的。这种方法好像是公司雇用了工人来生产有缺陷的产品，然后再改正这些缺陷。戴明后来认识到了产品检验的重要性并修正了他的说法， “人们应该正确理解检验的目的，
19、 ”他说， “对产品的检验一定要以专业的方式进行，而不能采用这种自食其果的方法。 ”这一观点在PMBOK 中也有反映，即检验能用来判断结果是否与要求相一致。检验还可以被称为 。A) 控制测试 B) 巡检 C) 统计抽样 D) 检验单14Quality assurance (QA) A) is the application of planned，systematic quality activities to ensure effective policing of the conformance of the project team to approved specificationsB)
20、 is primarily concerned with providing the project team and stakeholders with standards，by which the project performance is measuredC) is the application of planned，systematic quality activities to ensure that the project will employ all processes needed to meet requirementsD) generally reduces the
21、probability of project completion on schedule质量保证 (QA) 。A) 是使用有计划的、系统的质量活动去保证项目团队实施与经核准的规格一致B) 主要提供给项目团队和干系人用以衡量项目绩效的标准C) 是使用有计划的、系统的质量活动去确保项目完成所有需要的过程以满足需求D) 通常降低了项目在进度内完成的可能性15An outputs from the quality planning process is A) auality improvements B) quality management plan C) acceDtance decisions
22、 D) rework质量计划过程的一个输出是 。A) 质量改进 B) 质量管理计划 C) 接受决定 D) 返工16Checklists are completed in which process?A) Risk identification B) Quality assurance C) Quality planning D) Quality control检查单在哪个过程中完成?A) 风险识别。 B) 质量保证。 C) 质量计划编制。 D) 质量控制。17Which of the following is not considered a cost of nonconformance to
23、 quality?A) Scrap B) Rework C) Expediting D) Proccss control下列哪一项不被认为是非一致质量的成本?A) 废料。 B) 返工。 C) 加速处理。 D) 过程控制18What is the meaning of upper control limit and lower control limit in control charts?A) Specification limits B) Acceptable range of the variance of。process,C) Acceptable range of the varian
24、ce of a Droduct D) Customer requirements控制图中的上、下控制界限的意义是什么?A) 范围限度。 B) 过程偏差的可接受范围。 C) 产品偏差的可接受范围。 D) 客户需求。19Primary responsibility for establishing design and test specifications rests with A) senior management B) procurement C) engineering D) quality control建立设计和测试规范的主要责任在于。A) 高层管理者 B) 采购人员 C) 工程人员
25、 D) 质量控制人员20According to the 8020 rule，80 percent of the probiems are because of 20 percent of the causesTo facilitate finding out which are the most probable defects，and to evaluate nonconformities，you do a rank ordering of the defecTo using A) statistical sampling B) control chart C) Pareto diagra
26、ms D) inspection根据 8020 规则，80%的问题是由 20%的原因引起的。为了找出哪些是最可能发生的问题并评价非一致性，你使用 将问题进行排序。A) 统计抽样 B) 控制图 C) 帕累托图 D) 检查21Since your quality proeess was not up to the four sigma requirements desired by your customer，some of your products were rejected，and there is a potential that you would not get repeat busi
27、ness from the same customerFrom a quality perspective，the costs associated with your products being rejected can also be categorized as A) cost of conformance B) customer retention costs C) failure costs D) performance cost因为你的质量过程没有达到客户期望的 4 西格玛要求，你的一些产品被拒绝，很有可能你不能再从这个客户这里获得相同的商机。从质量角度而言，由于你的产品被拒绝而
28、引发的相关成本可以归为 。A) 一致性成本 B) 客户维持成本 C) 失败成本 D) 执行成本22During project execution，a new ISO version of standard 9000 is issuedThe project team meets with the quality department to deternfine how the standard will apply to the projectWhich part of the quality process is this?A) Quality analysis B) Quality as
29、surance C) Quality control D) Quality planning在项目执行阶段，一个新的 ISO 9000 版本被发布。项目组成员与质量部门开会以确认如何在项目中实施新的标准。这是哪一个质量过程?A) 质量分析。 B) 质量保证。 C) 质量控制。 D) 质量规划。23The project team has added some additional functionality which was not required as part of the projectHowever the customer is satisfied with the projec
30、tFrom a quality perspective， A) this is high quality because it exceeded customer expectationsB) this is not acceptable quality because gold plating was done which is not advisableC) this will mean repeat business from the same customerD) none ofthe above项目团队添加了些额外的功能，这些功能不是项目所要求的部分，尽管客户对项目感到满意。从质量的
31、角度而言，。A) 因为超越了客户的期望，所以这是高质量的 B) 这是不可以被接受的，因为镀金是不可取的C) 由于客户相同，这意味着交易重复 D) 上述都不对24You are trying to determine what cost and schedule trade-off will be most appropriate for your projectYou have the option to select either a more experieneed persoil at $ 120 Per hour who can do the task in 45 days or a
32、1ess experienced person at $ 80 per hour who can do the same task in 65 daysA tool you can use to facilitate making the decision is A) cost of quality B) cause and-effect diagram C) design of experiments D) network diagrams你在试图确定什么样的成本和进度转换比例更适合你的项目。你可以选择一个有经验的人员，他每小时工资 120 美元，完成工作需要 45 天；或者选择一个经验少的
33、人，他每小时工资 80 美元，完成工作需要 65 天。一个可以帮助你作出决定的工具是 。A) 质量成本 B) 因果分析 C) 试验设计 D) 网络图25You are the project manager for a manufacturing company involved with making components for Internal Combustion Engines required for the automobile industryIn the past couple of days， there have been too many defects，and you
34、 would like To find out whether unusual events are occurring in your manufacturing process whose causes must be identified and correctedFor this purpose，you should use A) inspection B) Pareto charts C) statistical sampling D) control charts你是个制造公司的项目经理，在为汽车工业所需的内燃机制造部件。在过去的几天内，出现了太多的缺陷，你希望找出是否有非常规的事
35、件出现在你的制造过程中，这些原因必须被识别并纠正。为了达到此目的，你应该使用 。A) 检查 B) 帕累托图 C) 统计抽样 D) 控制图26A project manager needs to assess qualify on the project To do sohe wants to measure the height of each table producedHowever，that would be too expensiveIn this case，it would be BEST to use A) benchmarking B) a sample C) a control
36、 chart D) a Pareto diagram项目经理需要评估项目的质量。为了完成这个工作，他希望测量生产出的每一个桌子的高度。但是，这样做的成本太高。在这种情况下，最好的方法是使用 。A) 基准 B) 抽样 C) 控制图 D) 帕累托图27Your company deals with manufacturing bearings for the automobile industryYou already have historical information about the errors and defects that have been identified and you
37、 would like to use this information to determine future performanceAn appropriate tool which you can use is A) scatter diagram B) statistical sampling C) control chart D) trend analysis你公司在为汽车工业制造轴承。你准备了以往已经识别的错误和缺陷历史信息，并计划用这些信息预测未来的绩效。一个你可以使用的合适的工具是 。A) 散点图 B) 统计抽样 C) 控制图 D) 趋势分析28The primary purpo
38、se of benchmarking is to A) perform marketing research to forecast how well a particular product will sellB) measure products，services ，and processes against those of other organizationsC) understand and collect data on customer requirements to focus attention on meeting customer needsD) determine p
39、erformance targets标杆法的主要目的是。A) 进行市场研究来预测特定产品的销路B) 度量产品、服务和过程，与其他组织比较C) 理解和收集客户需求的数据，以便集中注意力在满足客户需求上D) 确定绩效目标29A metric is an operational definition that describes，in very specific terms，what something is and how the quality control process measures itA measurement is all actual valueFor example，it i
40、s not enough to say that meeting the planned schedule dates is a measure of management qualityThe project management team must also indicate whether every activity must start on time or only finish on time and whether individual activities will be measured or only certain deliverables and if so，whic
41、h onesSome examples of quality metrics include defect density，failure rate，availability，reliability and test coverageIn this context，quality metrics should he used during (select the best answer) A) quality assurance B) quality planning C) quality control D) quality assurance，quality control一个衡量指标是对
42、操作的详细描述。在特定的条目上，衡量标准会说明质量控制过程如何对其进行测量。例如，认为符合了计划的日期就满足了管理质量是不够的，项目管理团队必须说明是否每个活动必须准时开始或者只须准时结束，以及是否每个活动都要被衡量或者只衡量特定的可交付成果。一些质量指标的例子包括缺陷密度、失败率、有效性、可靠性、测试范围等。在这种情况下，质量指标应该应用于 过程之中 (选择最佳答案) 。A) 质量保证 B) 质量规划 C) 质量控制 D) 质量保证，质量控制30In your project，you are in the process of determining whether the activiti
43、es being done as part of your project comply with organizational and project policiesThis will be done as part of A) inspection B) quality audit C) quality improvement D) trend analysis在你的项目内，你正在进行一个过程，用来判断是否项目活动符合组织和项目政策。这可以作为 中的一部分来完成。A) 检查 B) 质量审计 C) 质量改进 D) 趋势分析31After project control，organizati
44、onal process assets are updatedWherever checklists are used，the completed checklists should become part of theA) projects records B) project files C) project quality management plan D) lessons learned documentation完成项目控制之后，组织过程资产被更新。只要检查单被使用，完成后的检查单是 的一部分。A) 项目记录 B) 项目档案 C) 项目质量管理计划 D) 经验总结文档32Deter
45、mining and delivering the required levels of quality is the responsibility of A) project sponsor B) project manager/project management teamC) project team D) all stakeholders in the project确定并交付所要求的质量水平是 的责任。A) 项目出资人 B) 项目经理/项目管理团队 C) 项目团队 D) 所有项目干系人33Quality control involves monitoring specific pro
46、ject results to determine if they comply with relevant quality standardsTo evaluate quality control outputs，the project team should definitely have a working knowledge of A) prevention and inspection B) sampling and probabilityC) special causes and random causes D) tolerances and control limits质量控制运用监视特定项目的结果去判断它们是否满足了相关质量标准。为了评价质量控制的输出，项目团队成员必须具备明确的关于 的工作知识。A) 预防和检查 B) 抽样和概率 C) 特殊原因和随机原因 D) 公差和控制界限34As part of the quality audit，the scope statement is checked against the work results to ensure the conformance to the customer requirementsThe resu
