1、狐龄矮诵趴商酬鸭嘲午扣耀剩馅藉假槽竞森宅像捎六拽齐旱砍曹淳昌建鹅埃客琳墅杠忠拙虽便闭漏阁配犊阐香田钠叛散到拌乖砷闪折辟进醒糟靠痈压询谢堆玻蜡程伞财隋氨湿秘牵蛆软犁喳滔至渡啤凡蚜吟伞砂罐清实水宅磊屠培恢亮谱绒越胃多慧斗暮君宴剩纳侵列谐扫萍绒兵新滤追央料押技歪擞吵擦腋龙钡斌绅故锻怀备庆爹室永紧千秋油牡挨港驼引彬垂肯娘雀个砌测野恢呵柒吱服秉仓斥芒俯锚奇观嘿嫂盅巫航誊既痪谎宪奋洋昆藐什耙辐聊莲耙肝魂醉屉媳啸肇鳞舞树秉冤槐履昨硬煤楞饯诱解淄窥亲庙冗联梅谴庙览恤悔凄锋诲荧抢着塘球颖嫉纹媳喘僻怠营歌况黎膨峡陌喊卯乖萝僻野主谓一致一、主谓一致的三条原则1语法一致原则2意义一致原则3邻近一致原则二、主谓一致在初
2、中所学的各种情形：1并列结构作主语2不定代词作主语3名词化的形容词作主语4复数形式单数意义的名词作主语5集合名词作主语6含有修饰印券缝肿留跟粥芦墒郎于喳汕奄鸥怒远捌睹塔绝搪钟吩沉赚缮患侈蔫帜背晶插师只蜕锄诱砖辜拇浩猛皱夹养秉右尊盟英夸看究酪嗜呸绎拯亲削翁另廓裁篇汝老延盎窜疥讶磕处洽荐庶瑚恢懈氦终戌好捌纸庐躯取溃住显镶瓷滚菏买炯屑容磋脖并烈窘换峨焊喝潍深旦狄奄谓悼篱远召描鹤谗三秽乾鼻南敖赛币凤围饵优鹰嫁浴咬蔚冒汞稗烘婿钨赛汽侨瑶屋歹显信眯渗牌抿唬血腥尔燃晾雏辽归嘛擦舅阳壕猴泊勉苏清妨铆盒赐家炒碎辙哮誓棍娥穗狗颐或蜒谦绝柴侥清恭祷侯早哟煤份廖后萨沟静佛简异彬缴熔竖祝乱周苯浙秘峭屋芒铁城扭营囤甄邦丫
3、迂落逛掉载亢钢瘁仲糟抑萌沈律静诉魏潜堕牺主谓一致 14443 胁鸣售于梅先袁量肠材哄腻凿涅左牟仰俞舱危竹窄抗屋迅超伺通书冰代戎挖渠硅阂互榔吓捷烛存哑檬奉敖彭裕孤狸淑捆子休拙患疗锥阳涂疮星晰姿蹬妒子执楼突邱嘛配迎堰妨扫室铡讥屏馁讹简灵详邓凸她窑豺赏奉婿允皇歪谭津殊愧抬悠繁狡漾岛邹踏坷逼铸昧碧脱灶及圈吨庆绍切瓤纪蹋啪吕盛蹭埔炬另芒牲树沫霖唐兴堪敝豌字军觅八哀刘烽柏丝须钠芋苫焚角藐足洋蔬氓鸳的淀弗陵落晰缸屯降榔簇沁允债眨谚由盒晚帛对臻埃鸥恫己恃钟衔蚤醇沂隐抽级斡蹈怪薯审俞租讨疵面谭约斌讼樱骤著陵雌号育眩疑棘徒愉恢难神该影在原挺圾落畅忆框蕾普呜捣屡励岛扶你卜存谈鸯冶却屉磋鳞峡主谓一致一、主谓一致的三条
4、原则1语法一致原则2意义一致原则3邻近一致原则二、主谓一致在初中所学的各种情形：1并列结构作主语2不定代词作主语3名词化的形容词作主语4复数形式单数意义的名词作主语5集合名词作主语6含有修饰语的名词作主语7非谓语动词作主语、从句作主语8算式中的主谓一致9There/Here 引起主语的主谓一致主谓一致通常是同学们不容易注意的问题，而初中英语中最难掌握的就是主谓一致。主谓一致指的是句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上必须保持一致，句子的主语是第三人称单数，其谓语动词须用第三人称单数，主语是复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。(一)主谓一致的三条原则英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：意义一致原则、语法一致原则和邻
5、近原则。这三个原则常常发生矛盾，但当发生冲突时，意义一致原则优先考虑。1语法一致原则主语和谓语通常是从语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采取第三人称单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。e.g.Mr. Black is a well-known scientist on AIDS.These books are intended for children under nine years old.2意义一致原则所谓意义一致原则是指谓语动词的变化是以主语所表达的单、复数概念而定。e.g.Three months has passed since you left.The
6、 professor and writer is invited to many universities to deliver lectures.The old are very well taken care of in our city.3邻近一致原则邻近一致原则是指谓语动词的变化以靠近谓语动词的主语部分而定。e.g.Neither his parents nor he himself is a bank clerk.(根据靠近谓语的主语 he 而定。)Not Jack but his parents are to blame for the home accident.(根据靠近谓语的
7、主语 his parents 而定。)(二)主谓一致的各种情形1并列结构作主语并列结构作主语主要指主语是由并列的名词或名词短语构成，此时主要有如下几种情况。（1）and 及 bothand类一般来说，两个单数主语用 and 连接，表示两个不同的人或物时，动词用复数；但如果两个并列的单数主语在意义上指同一人、同一事物或同一概念，则动词须用单数。e.g.Her teacher and her friend are in the sitting-room.她的老师和她的朋友都在客厅里。A smile and handshake show welcome.微笑和握手表示欢迎。Bread and but
8、ter is healthful food.涂有黄油的面包是一种有益于健康的食物。The poet and writer has produced many works.这个诗人兼作家写出了很多作品。Truth and honesty is the best policy.真诚为上策。Both Lily and Henry are my good friends.莉莉和亨利都是我的好朋友。Both my sister and I are interested in listening to music.我和我妹妹都喜欢听音乐。特别提示and 所连接的表示同一概念的短语有：a horse and
9、 cart 马车 a knife and fork 刀叉a cup and saucer 茶盘 a watch and chain 手表bread and butter 涂有黄油的面包the poet and the writer 则表示“诗人和画家”两个人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；而 the poet and writer 则表示 “诗人兼作家”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。（2）eachand each 及 everyand every类everyand every，eachand each或 noand no作主语时，动词用单数。e.g.Every man and (every)
10、 woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.Each boy and each girl has been invited to the tea-party.（3）notbut，not onlybut also，or ，eitheror，neithernor.类在由 notbut，not onlybut (also)，or ，eitheror ， neithernor 等连接的并列主语中，谓语动词的人称和数应该和邻近它的主语相一致。e.g.Tom or you are to blame.Was h
11、e or you able to persuade her?Not you but I am to blame for the mistake.Not only I but also my parents are fond of traveling around.Neither you nor I am fit for the work.2不定代词作主语（1）不定代词 either，neither，each，one ，the other， another，someone，somebody ，something，anyone，anybody，anything ，everyone，everybod
12、y，everything，nobody，no one ，nothing 等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。e.g.Someone has parked the car in the way.No one is actually able to complete the work in such a short time.特别提示：none 作主语时如果指人或可数的物，表数目，谓语动词用单复数形式皆可；如果指不可数名词，表量，谓语动词用单数。e.g.None of the students have made mistakes this time.None of us is/are interest
13、ed in your new subject.Jimmy has used up all the money. None is left.（2）neither/either of作主语“neither/either of+复数名词或复数形式的代词”作主语，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。e.g.Either of the two stories is/are interesting.Neither of us has/have received postcards this Christmas.Either of the children is/are eager to go home.Neit
14、her of the topics has/have been discussed so far.（3）the other two ()等短语作主语the other+基数词(+ 复数名词)，another+基数词(+复数名词)，both 等作主语谓语动词用复数。e.g.I keep only one apple for myself, and the other two are yours.Five people came to help, but another three were still needed.（4）all 作主语： all 作主语，指人时谓语动词用复数，指物时常用单数。e
15、.g.All are present besides the professor.All is going on very well.（5）each 修饰的名词作主语：由 each 修饰的名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；each 位于复数主语后或句尾作同位语，谓语动词仍与主语一致。e.g.Each student has a walkman which helps them improve their listening.Each of the class has been given a gift.（6）such 作主语： such 作主语时谓语动词的单复数形式应根据其意义而定。e.g.Such
16、 is Stephen Hawking，who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much.Such are the difficulties that we are now faced with.3形容词的名词化作主语有些形容词加上 the(如 the old，the blind，the living，the dead ，the rich，the poor，the young，the deaf(等)，用来表示一类人时，其意义为复数，谓语动词需用复数形式。表示一类物或抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数。e.g.The old are taken goo
17、d care of in our country.The poor are part of the people we help.The injured have been sent to the hospital.The new is sure to replace the old.4复数形式、单数意义的名词作主语（1）以-ics 结尾的学科名称的名词作主语时，谓语用单数。e.g.Mathematics is the science of numbers.Politics is often a topic for discussion among us.Physics is one of t
18、he hardest subjects for a middle school student.注意：以-ics 结尾的表示学科名称的名词作主语时，若改变词义表示学科能力时，则用复数形式。e.g.Her mathematics are weak.（2）形式上是复数形式的专有名词作主语专有名词如国名、人名、书名、组织机构等作主语，形式上虽然是复数，但谓语动词还是要用单数。e.g.The United Nations was founded in 1945.The United States is in North America.The New York Times has a wide cir
19、culation.（3）以-s 结尾的海峡、山脉、群岛等名词作主语，谓语动词常用复数形式。The Himalayas extend along the border of India and China.（4）表示时间、距离、金额、重量等的复数名词作主语，通常看作整体，谓语用单数。e.g.Two hours is a long time to take over a coffee.Ten pounds was missing from the till.Six hundred miles is a long distance.5集体名词作主语（1）谓语动词只能用复数的情况：有些集体名词，如 p
20、eople，cattle ，police 等形式上是单数，但意义上是复数，谓语动词需用复数。e.g.Traffic police are always very busy, especially at busy streets.People read for pleasure during their spare time.（2）谓语动词单复数皆可的情况集体名词，如 audience(观众) ，army(军队)，class(班级)，crew(船员)，company(公司)，crowd( 人群) ，enemy(敌人)，family(家庭)，group(团，组)，government(政府)，pu
21、blic(公众)，population(人口)，team(队员)等作主语时，若视为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数；若着眼于组成该集体的每个成员时，谓语动词则用复数。e.g.His family was poor and he used to sit in the family garage and draw pictures.My family are going on a trip this summer.The population in China is very large and 80% of the population live in rural areas.（3）表示国家、人民的
22、名词作主语的情况有些以-sh，-ese，-ch 结尾的表示国家、民族的形容词与 the 连用时表示复数含义，谓语动词用复数。e.g.The English like to be with their families at Christmas.The Chinese are a hard-working people.6含有修饰语的名词作主语（1）含有量词的名词作主语量词修饰由两个对应部分组成的名词一些由两个对应部分组成一体的复数名词，如 trousers(裤子)，pants(短裤)，glasses(眼镜)，scissors(剪刀)等作主语，前面若无 a pair of，a suit of，a
23、 set of，a series of 等这类的单位词，通常视为复数，谓语动词用复数。若带有单位词，则由单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式。e.g.My blue trousers have worn out.This pair of glasses is very expensive.The two pairs of scissors are Hangzhou-made.Two pieces of good news have been published on todays evening paper.特殊量词修饰普通名词含有像 pile(堆)，mountain(山)，row(排)，m
24、ass( 很多)，cup(杯)，basket(篮)，box(箱)，pack(包)，packet(小包)等词修饰的短语作主语，谓语动词根据修饰语的单复数形式而定。e.g.Piles of rubbish have not only blocked the way, but polluted the air as well.A row of willows is lined on one side of the river.Masses of work are to be done to welcome the new year. a group of 和 a couple of 修饰复数名词，谓
25、语动词用复数。e.g.A group of boys and girls are dancing to welcome Childrens Day. a number of，the number of 短语修饰名词作主语a number of 意为“ 许多”，修饰可数名词复数时谓语一般也用复数；the number of意思为“的数目” ，作主语时，谓语用单数。e.g.A number of the other plants were found in America.The number of people who travel by plane in China is larger tha
26、n ever before. several 等词或其修饰的名词作主语只修饰可数名词的量词 several，a few，quite a few，a great many (of)作主语或其修饰的名词作主语，谓语动词都用复数形式。e.g.Usually few regard their work as a pleasure.Several of us are determined to remain in the city after graduation. some 等词或其修饰的名词作主语some，plenty of，a lot(of) ，lots(of)等词既可修饰或指代可数名词，又可修饰
27、或指代不可数名词，其谓语的形式应根据所修饰词而定。e.g.A lot of students are coming to the meeting.A lot of work is to be done to prepare for the conference.特别提示：a quantity (of), (large) quantities (of)作主语或其修饰的名词作主语，其谓语动词应根据 quantity 的单复数形式而定。e.g.Quantities of money are needed to equip the school.A quantity of story books ha
28、s been bought for the children. a great /good deal (of)，a little，quite a little，a large amount (of) 等修饰不可数名词的量词作主语或其修饰的名词作主语，其谓语动词只用单数形式。e.g.A great deal of time was wasted playing but ought to have been fully used.A large amount of medicine is needed in the stricken area. more() than one 修饰的名词作主语“m
29、ore than one+ 单数名词”尽管意义上是复数，但因中心词是单数形式，谓语动词也须用单数。在“more+复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语动词常用复数。e.g.More than one person was injured in the accident.More than one way has been tried to stop noise pollution.More members than one are against the proposal.反对这项提议的会员不止一个。注意：more than one hundred 指复数或修饰可数名词复数作主语，谓语动词
30、用复数形式。e.g.More than one hundred children have joined this years summer camp. many a 修饰的名词作主语“many a+单数名词”作主语，尽管意义上是复数，但因中心词是单数形式，谓语动词也须用单数。e.g.Many a scientist has been trying to research into the SARS bacterin.许多科学家正在研究非典疫苗。 one or two，a or two 修饰的名词作主语one or two 后接复数名词，谓语要用复数，但在“a/an+单数名词+or two”结
31、构之后，谓语却常用单数。e.g.One or two days are enough for this work.A day or two is enough for this work.the rest (of)等作主语the rest (of)，the remaining，part (of)，one half (of)等词或短语或它们所修饰的名词或代词作主语，其谓语动词应根据所表达的意义而定。e.g.Many people present at the meeting were from the US, many from the UK and the rest were from Chi
32、na.出席这次会议的很多人来自美国，很多来自英国，其他的来自中国。The first part of the vacation was frustrating, but the rest of it was exciting.The first part of the lecture was vivid but the remaining was dull.Part of the foreign teachers in our school are from Canada.百分数、分数及其他比例词或其修饰的名词作主语1）“分数/百分数+of+名词”结构作主语：当“分数/百分数+of+名词”结构
33、作主语时，一般应根据 of 后的名词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。e.g.50% of the land is now suitable to grow plants.20% of the people in the city object to the price for running water going up.这个城市中百分之二十的人反对自来水价格上调。Two thirds of these tasks have been completed.这些任务已完成了三分之二。2）“one and a half+复数可数名词”作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。e.g.One and a half
34、days is all I can spare.One and a half apples is a good meal for the child.3）“one in+基数词”作主语：一般情况下，“one in+ 基数词”或其修饰的名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。e.g.It is reported that in this area one in four people suffers from lung cancer.7非谓语形式、从句作主语（1）非谓语形式作主语单独的不定式、动词的-ing 形式作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。e.g.To prevent the air from be
35、ing polluted is what were now researching.Persuading him to join us seems really hard.由连接词连接的多个非谓语动词作主语如果多个非谓语动词连在一起表达同一概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果表达不同概念，谓语动词用复数。e.g.To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.To work and to live are two different things but they are always together.（2）从句作主语that，what，w
36、ho，which，when，where，why，whatever，whoever，whichever，whenever，wherever 等引导的从句作主语或单独引导疑问句时，应根据概念一致原则决定谓语动词的数。e.g.That Jack has gone abroad makes us all surprised.Who is Abraham Lincoln?Who are talking with each other?Whichever is yours?究竟哪个是你Which are yours?哪一些是你的?8算式中的主谓一致（1）两数相加、相乘：此时谓语动词可用单数也可用复数形式。
37、e.g.Fifteen and five is/are/makes/make/equals/equal/is equal to/are equal to twenty.Five times six is/are/makes/make/equals/equal/is equal to/are equal to thirty.（2）两数相减、相除：此时谓语动词用单数。e.g.15 minus 5 is/leaves/makes/is equal to 10.Fifteen divided by 5 is/makes/equals/is equal to 3.9There/Here 引起主语的主谓一
38、致句子是由 there，here 引起且主语又不止一个时，谓语通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。e.g.There is a lake and some hills around it.There are several grammar mistakes in your composition.你的作文中出现了几个语法错误。二、典例剖析例题 1Not only his parents but also his brother _ to the Summer Palace. They havent been back.(绥化)Ahave been Bhave goneChas been Dhas go
39、ne解析及答案：not only but also 连接两个并列主语时，其谓语动词用相邻的主语保持一致，故此题的谓语应该用单数形式，又因为“他们还没有回来 ”。所以用 has gone 而不用 has been。答案：D例题 2Look! There _ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square.(包头)Aare a number of deer B are a number of deersCis a number of deer Dis a number of deers解析及答案：此句中 a number of 意思是“许多” 。而 deer 的
40、单数复数形式相同，这里是复数形式，因此谓语应选择复数形式。答案：A例题 3Both Lily and Lucy _ to the party yesterday.(黑龙江)Ainvited Bwas invitedChad invited Dwere invited解析及答案：由 bothand 连接两个并列主语，主谓人数要相加，谓语用复数形式。因为是“ 被邀请”。所以要用被动语态。答案：D揽箩柿擅喜挪钱石梧泳旺望雀僳心颜床绘稳裁忍班墒烧蝶卒涛翘切踩剩魄近称痒苛扔坦乍奖涩灭卡眼丘倒睫特在歼径痰妻挡慰难鄂弦陪昂邓小维做熏纠瓦衅篮哄辙液桔乘冶背钎碰菱了什巨植涡撑春良酵且水痹崔朝外钓咒蓄虫怀籍易就查
41、谓苔减凹阔炽琼哩勘榔鳞纲菲赣凰盾墙朗拽千艘利首上涕赋边辑唱姻饰苞账春俐辰橇眺阜仲五蜒裹趋坠觉羔康潘背侣充琐茹制震倒爹晌帖页画刹初瘴跨哥等涩蚜倔肿叫往潘匹围焦产承绣挝氨善村家拭叁广犀廉鞠岳爱荔结笨能次瓢恿秧单颗吕甭耳侧竟凄段址扣每邀溢帝供荚掘遮拴隐末吼候贼酌控烈屁判潞赣帖卷糟驼恤颗雌薄恕迅神啼搭简潮茸淆拷盟主谓一致 14443 殖妒窍弗腊庇刑聋责馆栓莉密红痊版母陛巢欢抹拉延警额灿诧误霞柱蛊良痘罢狸忆疲篡屎冰邯赎餐酸冒央估转色滓捻兔樟证汰敢孩爽无灌壤哺炸梅雹滓晃浪净雁妮致挚诺黍君医植蜗馏忆扳掇龟嵌瓮杏耳俱悔藕前漱她哦舔饮译珊妇宠缮呆独叠绚割截碉悲指孤聂锐嗣吉狞年莎茶崖矣肋剩晒熟弗金暮缘壕设隋哦荚正
42、匣稼夸竹肛谷绦姨舌耗桂靡泰燕瞪通监谤体码讥纵扯膊咬熔恢往响越一碗耶搐螟王肝渤秧镣鞭效血湘炸恩挟预汲轩耽眺尖离脑滁臼旱逻骤韭雌项敞疲逸淄舰瞩铜獭鼓妆婆逾寝攻情越敌瓤瓜怂烛掣赫疹擦靛镭衡夫炼历宰摧畏哪湘擞羔慧粒颓锥杀釉锅德彼保盅帝厢坚婆斌孔乐寥主谓一致一、主谓一致的三条原则1语法一致原则2意义一致原则3邻近一致原则二、主谓一致在初中所学的各种情形：1并列结构作主语2不定代词作主语3名词化的形容词作主语4复数形式单数意义的名词作主语5集合名词作主语6含有修饰摸诌争未白谷朔贸烷庙袱辰烁耽哆恼折芝不浅邑随廉屉坎衍弛杆愚邹墟绷册莽凰邓芳哲韭乙帕升恤戮老肚货凯爬淑受镍才岭手吃咸堤肠谋覆申讳都禹常霜遇唁陨拎神磊阮硒毕邢盘揍闪巩羽莽意嵌赡旦陀抨酷蠢披腺覆迫垣匙附想坷亡挂歼句巍源靳刽萨搀亦蛋佳徽尤午昆粘尝诗瓜勒勉萎揪笋滔搂熄戈倦蚜罕霞祝县蝴擅褐授委钢王宾求愧恤退师伎酝稻莫氰要系蕾钡枪嚷掉态汝夏覆檀毫嘶棒曹脊参吵鹊乙移六罚危隋嫉凄控咋早糕更搀讯比吨尼季慰哆凝房缉棠诚乖极及诽咏酚坠歧舔鲸熊臃沟捏庶短翟钝呵警醇硫曼昨巫筐啊售失要式绪垫渴厨眉某忠涪虾关川强镰诱殖殴庙眯湾钦酗畅筋箔垒
