1、英语文学考试复习提纲1、Im am Nobody!Who are you?1、主体思想：1）作者是想成为 nobody 还是 somebody？为什么？在哪里看出？She wants to be a Nobody，because she feels peaceful and quiet. Being Nobody wont be disturbed by others and can do what we want to do. The author is proud of being Nobody,and she wants to find somebody to be her friend
2、,who is also Nobody,too.And being Somebody will face the facts that they will be watched by others,their life will be disturbed by others with many noisy. Furthermore, there will be less private room.Use the soliloquy 独白 and interpunction 标点符号2）成为 somebody 和 nobody 各有什么好的和不好的地方？2、写作手法、修辞手法（rhetorica
3、l device/figure of speech）1）比喻（metaphor /simile）：frog ？an admiring bog？2）对话形式（conversation）3）独白（soliloguy）4）对比（contrast/comparison）：somebody and nobody5）大写（capitals）：强调（ emphasize）/特指某一类人（refer to a particular type of person）2、Theme for English B1、theme 是指 homework，the paper that say somet about one
4、self。B：一是指 black people，二是指不同英语水平 level 的英语班2、中心思想：1）racial pride 种族自豪感，作为一个黑人，班上唯一的黑人。2）强调（emphasize）大家都是一样，具有共性的（share the commonalities），呼吁（call on）黑人与白人的平等地位（equal social status）。3、写作手法、修辞手法（rhetorical device/figure of speech）1）对比（contrast/comparison）：白人和黑人受到的不同的对待3、A clean well-lighted place1、海
5、明威的写作方法：极简主义 Minimalism 、冰山原则 Ice Principle、存在主义哲学理念 Existentialist Ideal1）文中只出现三个人物角色（no names）：young waiter 、old waiter ，and the old man2）采用的是对话形式（dialogue），只能根据上下文语境推测是谁讲的话according to the context of understanding ，它的作用 expect us to engage in the narratives and stir up our imagination to understa
6、nd the emotional core3）没有任何背景资料（no any background information）4）没有形容词 adjective、副词 adverb作用：It is able to make readers feel the emotion of the character directly and the best way to produce the effect is to set down exactly every particular kind of feeling without conventionally emotive language and
7、 with a bare minimum of adjectives and adverbs.2、写作手法、修辞手法（rhetorical device/figure of speech）1）象征 symbol（P38：a symbol is a sign which suggests more than its literal meaning. A symbol is an image that shares something similar）：Cafeshelter、comfort、company 、harbor 港湾、 refugee 避难地方Lightreality lifeShad
8、e/shadowcomfort、warmthDarknessdeath、fear、loneliness 、despairBrandymental/spiritual anesthesia 精神麻醉3、文中谁是 cold-hero 硬汉形象？The old waiter，can understand the old man ,a patient man ;has started into the great Nada(nothing)，结合人物形象分析4、虚无主义 nihilism，人要在虚无的世界中找到自己的存在。Life is essentially a nothing and meanin
9、glessness. And it is a continuous process of loss of things that are valuable in life. From birth to death, man suffers losses of youth, confidence, job, competence, family, love and life.4、Rice1、三个女性角色的特点分析1）外祖母 grandmother：传统封建的 traditional/feudal、守旧的 old-fashioned2）母亲 mother：勤劳的 laborious/industr
10、iou、听话的 obidient、传统的家庭妇女 traditional family women 、以家庭为中心 family -center/oriented、隐忍的forbear /tolerant、温和的 mild、脾气好的 good-temperatured3）我 I：good-educated 、 open-minded、civilized 、不迷信的 not superstitious 、相信科学的 believe in science 2、rice 的象征意义：1）women should be silent，cook for husband and take good car
11、e of the family。2）A tool of living。3）Chinese traditional value：rice is important in agriculture in society。3、中心思想：the realization of ones true identity。Younger generation is confused with the conflict between the traditional value of their parents and the modern value of the West. The author firstly
12、 wanted to escape her traditional value of her family, and the marriage of her is a combination of tradition and Westernization. But at last she no longer dismissed it as old fashion and out-dated. She can accept some of the traditional value after she has some contact with western ones. When people
13、 are challenged., they are forced to think about their present status. Through thinking process, they gain better understanding of their own identity.It tells us that even though we reject、try to escape or ignore our identity，it may still come around as we have contact with other people. We still ha
14、ve our own identity no matter where we are.5、I wandered lonely as a cloud1、诗歌的音乐性：rhyme scheme 韵律、头韵 alliteration、中韵 assonance、尾韵 consonance2、修辞手法：1）比喻（metaphor /simile）2）意象 image：Cloudlonely、isolation、tranquility 平静、安静、 graceful 悠然的、lost、aimless、confused 、free、relaxedDaffodilhappiness、friendship、be
15、auty，joy3）symbol 象征：Daffodilcheer up，symbolize the beauty of nature；symbolize living a life as rich in experience and sensation as would make a life worth living；a spiritual pursuit 精神追求Wavethe ugly reality3）拟人 personification，结合课本举例4）反复 reiteration：I gazed -and gazed-but little thought（语态不同，emphasi
16、ze he is attracted by the beautiful scene.）3、与陶渊明的比较相同点：都是田园派（Pastoral ）、湖畔派诗人（Lake school），love nature、enjoy the beauty，use flower to express something不同点：Williamdislike the ugly reality，be negative to the social life，want to find companyTaohate the official corruption6、Araby1、setting 的作用，文章前三段的描写：
17、set the basic tone for the whole environment where the boy lives；it means that the possibility of the boy to realize his dream is so small and he may fail to do it。1）表现了都柏林一片荒废的社会景象:silent、hopeless、lifeless 、gloomy 黑暗的，沮丧的、cold、deperated、isolated、deserted 荒芜的、numb 麻木的、decay 凋零的2）宗教信仰的缺失以及麻木不仁与瘫痪的精神世
18、界：religion3）小男孩性意识的觉醒：the awakening of the consciousness of the little boy2、Araby 的象征意义 symbol1）a real festival in Dulin2）The boys dream and love，the ideal and braw life，is the place where the boys dream begins and ends.3、为什么结尾那里写着我的眼睛充满痛苦和愤怒？Because before the boy went to Araby，he was very hopeful
19、and looking forward to it，and wanted to buy something special for his lover。Araby at that time means the boys dream and pure love.Although the way to Araby was not favourable and difficult，the boy still hoped to get there to finish what he what to do.However,after he got to Araby,he found that Araby
20、 actually was a trite（陈腐的） bazaar，just along with material and philistine（市侩的）people,which is completely different from what he thought about.Also,at that time the boy had little money ,and it was dark,which all made it so hopeless.The ending shows us that the boys idealized vision of Araby is destr
21、oyed,along with his idealized vision of Mangans sisiter,and of love.So it said that “my eyes burned with anguish and anger”.It is from an innocent ,idealized boy to an adolescent daling with harsh realities,which is called “epiphany”（顿悟）between the reality and dream.7、A Handful of Dates1、形容文章中出现的三个主
22、要人物的性格特点1）grandfather：unsympathetic、unmerciful 、serious、mean 、cold-hearted、selfish、powerful、greedy、2）The neighbor Masood：simple-minded、happy、love nature、kind-hearted、nice、appreciate beauty and nature、thankful、care about life3）I ：young、innocent 、 intelligent、a great love for nature、pure2、我对祖父、邻居的态度变化
23、、对自然的认识、对人与人之间交往的理解1）对祖父的态度：beginhighly respects ，proundChangeafter sees his grandfather treats poor Masood without sympathy，feel fear2）对邻居 Masood 的变化：feel sad about him，sympathetic3）对自然的认识：everything in life has its feeling and is alive；we should cherish, respect and love nature.4）对人与人之间交往的理解：We sh
24、ould be kind to other people，and leave others an appropriate margin for unforeseen circumstances.3、Dates 和“ the heart of the palm”的象征意义1）Dates：money、material pursuit 物质追求、power2）The heart of the palm：the most soft part of the heart 、kindness、 mercy、respect nature8、When you are old1、修辞手法（rhetorical d
25、evice/figure of speech）1）imagination 想象：old、clumsy、warm、fragrant2）Contrast 对比：attractive girl and the old lady；other peoples love and his love；reality and imagination；false and true；glad grace and changing face；beauty and pilgrim soul3）Capitals 大写：Love 是指爱神4）Symbol 象征：firewarmth；mountains tough、sublimation 升华，感情上的；starsforever love2、rymthe scheme 韵律
