1、专题十二 动词的语态 ,贵阳中考命题规律及趋势动词语态为贵阳中考单项选择题的必考点，且都与时态相结合，主要表现为初中几种基本时态的被动语态。选项的设置均为一个动词的两种不同时态和不同语态。语境设置在近三年来很少出现明显的时间状语提示，需要分析语境才能判断出选项。另外，在完形填空、阅读理解和作文中，也会涉及到被动语态。,贵阳中考重难点突破被动语态一般现在时am/is/are过去分词一般过去时was/were过去分词一般将来时shall/will be过去分词过去将来时should/would be过去分词现在进行时am/is/are being过去分词过去进行时was/were being过去分
2、词现在完成时has/havebeen过去分词过去完成时hadbeen过去分词含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词be过去分词1动词语态的分类英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。(1)主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如：Many people speak English there.那儿很多人说英语。(2)被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动词的对象。如：Chinese is spoken by many people.汉语被很多人说。(Chinese是动词speak的承受者)2被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词(用done表示)”构成。常见的八种时态的被动结构及情态动词的被
3、动语态如下：时态 被动语态结构 例句一般现在时 am/is/are过去分词 Chinese is spoken by many people.一般过去时 was/were过去分词 Chinese was spoken by many people.一般将来时shall/will be过去分词或am/is/are going to be过去分词Chinese will be spoken by many people.或：Chinese is going to be spoken by many people.续表时态 被动语态结构 例句过去将来时should/would be过去分词或was/
4、were going to be过去分词Chinese would be spoken by many people.或：Chinese was going to be spoken by many people.现在进行时 am/is/are being过去分词 Chinese is being spoken by many people.过去进行时 was/were being过去分词 Chinese was being spoken by many people.现在完成时 has/havebeen过去分词 Chinese has been spoken by many people.过
5、去完成时 hadbeen过去分词 Chinese had been spoken by many people.含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词be过去分词Chinese must be spoken by many people.3.主动语态变被动语态的方法(1)图示(2)口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词用被动(3)变换步骤：将主动句的宾语变为主语。【注意】如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：Tom killed himHe was killed by Tom.汤姆杀了他。将动词改为“be过去分词”。【注意】be动词与新主语相一致，时态不变。如：They held a meeti
6、ng yesterday.A meeting was_held by them yesterday.他们昨天开会了。将主动语态的主语改为by放在谓语动词后。【注意】如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。如：He sang a song.A song was sung by_him他唱了一首歌。4常见主动语态变被动语态的特殊结构(1)含有双宾语(即直接宾语和间接宾语)的句子，多把间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。如：Jack told us the truth.We were told the truth by Jack.杰克告诉了我们真相。(2)主动语态中有些感官动词(如：hear，see，wa
7、tch，notice等)后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，要把不定式符号to还原。即：hear(see) sb.do sth.sb.be heard(seen) to do sth.如：We heard the girl play the piano in the music classroom.The girl was heard to play the piano in the music classroom by us.我们听见那女孩在音乐教室弹钢琴。(3)主动语态中有些使役动词(如：make，let等)后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，同样要把不定式符号
8、to还原。即：make sb.do sth.sb.be made to do sth.如：The teacher makes his students do much homework every day.His students are made to do much homework by the teacher every day.那位老师让他的学生每天做很多家庭作业。(4)短语动词的被动语态短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。如：This is a photo of the power station that has been set up in my hometown.M
9、y sister will be taken care of by Grandma. Such a thing has never been heard of before.(5)表示“据说”或“相信”的词组believe，consider，declare，expect，feel，report，say，see，suppose，think，understandIt is said that 据说 It is reported that据报道 It is believed that 大家相信 It is hoped that 大家希望It is well known that众所周知 It is
10、thought that 大家认为It is suggested that 据建议 It is taken for granted that 被视为理所当然 It has been decided that大家决定 It must be remembered that务必记住的是例如：It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.5不能使用被动结构的情况(1)连系动词，如：look，feel，smell等，以主动形式表示被动含义。如：The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。(2)有些动词在后面跟动词ing形式表被
11、动含义。如need/want/require/worth(形容词)Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。The floor requires washing.地板需要冲洗。The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。Your shoes need cleaning right now.你的鞋子需要马上清理一下。(3) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：happen，appear，disappear，end( vi.结束)，fail，last，lie，remain，sit，spread，standbreak out，come true，fall
12、 asleep，keep silence，lose heart，take place.如：The story happened on a cold night.故事发生在一个寒冷的夜晚。比较：rise，fall，happen是不及物动词；raise，seat是及物动词。(错) The price has been risen.(对) The price has risen.(错) The accident was happened last week. (对) The accident happened last week.(错) The price has raised. (对) The p
13、rice has been raised.(错) Please seat. (对) Please be seated.要想正确地使用被动语态，就必须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。6主动形式表示被动意义如：wash，clean，cook，iron，look，cut，sell，read，wear，feel，draw，write，sell，drive该用法通常与well，easily，slowly，quickly等副词连用。如：The book sells well. 这本书销售的好。This knife cuts
14、easily. 这刀子很好用。7特殊结构：make sb.heard/understood(使别人能听见/理解自己)，have sth.done(要某人做某事)。如：Your hair is too long.You should have your hair cut.,贵阳中考题例及解析一、单项选择根据语境或句意，选择可填入句子的最佳选项。( )1.(2015贵阳中考)The mobile phone has influenced peoples life a lot since it _Ainvents BinventedCwas invented【解析】答案为C 考查动词时态和语态。句意
15、：自从手机发明后，它在很大程度上影响了人们的生活。根据句意判断用一般过去时，手机与动词invent在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。( )2.(2016贵阳中考)On June 11th，2013，Shenzhou10 carrying three astronauts _ into space from the space center in Jiuquan.All the Chinese people are proud of its successful launch.Asent up Bare sent upCwas sent up【解析】答案为C 本题考查一般过去时的被
16、动语态结构。由On June 11th，2013可知该句为一般过去时，排除B项；主语Shenzhou10与谓语动词存在被动关系，故应用被动语态，故选C。( )3.This listening material，together with its CDROMs，_well.Asells Bsell Cis sold 【解析】答案为A 某些可以和well，easily，smoothly等副词连用的不及物动词如read，write，wash，clean，draw，cook，sell，lock，open等，用主动结构表被动含义。本句的主语为This listening material为第三人称单数；
17、sell well意为“畅销”。故选A。( )4.Teenagers _ allowed to drive.Ashould not be Bshould be notCnot should be【解析】答案为A 本题考查情态动词被动语态的否定形式。其形式为情态动词notbe动词的过去分词。故选A。二、基础知识与运用根据语境或句意，用所给词的适当形式填空。1The Olympics _(will hold) in Beijing next year.【解析】答案为will be held 明年奥运会将在北京被举行。一般将来时的被动语态。2This building _(build) in zoo
18、 last year.【解析】答案为was built 句子中有last year作时间状语，说明时态是一般过去时，这栋大楼被修建，应该使用被动语态。3The boy is often seen _(play) baseball by us.【解析】答案为to play 主动语态中的感官动词后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，要把不定式to还原。,考点抢测一、词语运用1Which language _has_ the most widely _been_spoken_(speak)in the world? 2Last year a large number of trees _
19、were_cut_(cut)down.3The students _are_ often _told_(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.4The old man is ill.He _must_be_sent_(must send) to the hospital.5Can the magazine _be_taken_(take) out of the library?二、单项选择( C )1.Every year，more than 70，000，000 sharks _ for their fins(鱼翅)Awere killed
20、 Bhave killed Care killed( B )2.When I called the bus service，I _ that there was no more bus.Awas telling Bwas told Chas told( B )3.The task _ in an hour.Then we can go home and have a good rest.Awas finished Bwill be finishedChas been finished( C )4.The stars cant _ in the daytime.Asee Bseen Cbe seen
