1、1英美散文名篇欣赏A Selection of Excellent English and American Prose Writings(English and Chinese Version) 2目录世界医学之父希波克拉底格言选译 .8The Roman Peace by Aelius Aristides13罗马的和平 古罗马 阿里斯蒂德斯 13To the Right Honorable the Earl of Chesterfield by Samuel Johnson15约翰逊致切斯特菲尔德伯爵书（五种译文赏析） .15说明 .16译文一 辜正坤 译 文言体译文 .16译文二 辜正坤
2、 译 白话体译文 .17译文三 黄继忠译 文言体译文 .18译文四 高健 译 常风校 文言体译文 .19译文五 罗珞珈译 文白体译文 .19附辜正坤译文说明： .20Jane Austen - Pride and Prejudice (Excerpt) 汉译 24傲慢与偏见（节选） .24Narcissus; or Self-Love by Francis Bacon26论自恋 弗兰西斯培根 .26Of Travel by Francis Bacon28周游 .29杨自伍：靡不有始，鲜克有终 .30Of Riches by Francis Bacon .34论财富 .34Of Beauty F
3、rancis Bacon 37谈美 .38Of Truth by Francis Bacon .39谈真理 .39Of Great Place by Sir Francis Bacon 41论高位 .41Of Marriage and Single Life by Sir France Bacon .44谈结婚与独身 .44Francis Bacon - Of Negotiating 汉译 45说洽谈 .46Francis Bacon - Of Followers and Friends 汉译 .47谈门客与朋友 .47Francis Bacon - Of Deformity 汉译 483谈残
4、疾 .49Francis Bacon - Of Custom and Education 汉译 .50谈习惯和教育 .51Francis Bacon - Of Nature in Men 汉译 51说人之本性 .52Francis Bacon - Of Discourse 汉译 .53谈辞令 .53Francis Bacon - Of Revenge 汉译 .56论复仇 .56Francis Bacon - Of Unity in Religion 汉译 .58谈宗教之统一 .60Francis Bacon - Of Death 汉译 .63论死亡 .63Francis Bacon - Of
5、Fame 汉译 64论谣言 .65Francis Bacon - Of Dispatch 汉译 .66谈求速 .66Francis Bacon - Of Wisdom For a Mans Self 汉译 68谈利己之聪明 .68Of Love .70论爱情 .70Resolutions when I Come to Be Old by Jonathan Swift.72预拟老年决心 .72William Cobbet - A Watering Place .73温泉胜地 海顿著 73Upon Affectation by Lord Chesterfield 74论矫情 切斯特菲尔德勋爵 .7
6、6On the Cries of London by Joseph Addison .78伦敦的叫卖声 .80Death by Jeremy Taylor83死亡 .83The Ephemera: An Emblem of Human Life by Benjamin Franklin.84蜉蝣- 人生的一个象征 富兰克林 .85Dancers by John Galsworthy 87观舞 约翰高尔斯华绥 .884The Clipper by John Masefield.89快帆船 约翰梅斯菲尔德 .89Shakespeares Island by George Gissing.91莎士比
7、亚之岛 乔治吉辛 .91The Faculty of Delight by Charles Edward Montague .92感知快乐的天赋 查尔斯爱德华蒙塔格 .92The Weather in His Soul by George Santayana93英国人灵魂的竟象 乔治桑塔雅那 .94How to Grow Old by Bertrand Russell.96怎样才能活得老 波特兰罗素 .97On Being Modern-minded by Bertrand Russell .99论具有现代头脑 伯特兰罗素 .101That Lean and Hungry Look by Su
8、zanne Britt Jordan .104瘦人瘦相 苏姗娜希里特乔丹 .105General Douglas - MacArthurs Prayer for His Son .107麦克阿瑟将军为儿子祈祷 .107A School Portrait by Robert Bridges 108一张肖像 罗伯特布里吉斯 .108Salvation by Langston Hughes .110救赎 兰斯顿休斯 .111Mayhew William by S. Maugham 113生活的道路 威廉S毛姆 115The Song of the River by W. S. Maugham.117
9、河之歌 毛姆 .118Nature and Art by James Whistler 119自然和艺术 詹姆斯惠斯勒 .120I Have a Dream by Martin Luther King, Jr.121我有一个梦想 马丁路德金 .124Are Books an Endangered Species? By Bob Greene126书籍是即将绝灭的物种吗？鲍勃格林 .127MacArthurs Prayer for His Son by General Douglas.128麦克阿瑟将军为儿子祈祷 .128Life Is Not like Merchandise by Sydne
10、y J. Harris129爱情不是商品 西德尼J. 哈里斯 129A Boy and His Father Become Partners by Ralph Moody .1315父子伙伴情 拉尔夫穆迪 .132Arthur Clutton Brock - The Cardinal Virtue of Prose 134散文最重要的品质 阿瑟克拉顿-布罗克 .134On Leadership.135论领导 .135University Days by James Thurber.137大学生涯 J. 瑟伯 140When the Moon Follows Me by Mary E. Pott
11、er.143月儿随我同行 .144A Season for Hymning and Hawing by Frank Trippett145令人赞叹的季节 弗兰克特瑞普特 .147Roses, Roses, All the Way by Martha Duffy149一路玫瑰 马落达菲 .150Why I Hate Dogs by Joel Stein.151我干嘛讨厌狗 乔尔斯特恩 .152Alexander Bloch - Life in a Violin Case 153琴匣子中的生趣 亚历山大布洛克 .154Logan Pearsall SmithThe Rose.155A.A.Miln
12、e - Golden Fruit .158柑橘 .158A Hard Day in the Kitchen by Shannon Hodge160厨房里的一场闹剧 .161English Food .164英国饮食 .165A Gift of Dreams (Excerpt) George H. Brooks 166梦寐以求的礼物 乔治H 布鲁克斯 167A Bouquet for Miss Benson (Excerpt) by Paul Villard 170送给卞老师的一束花 保罗维拉德 .171Learned Words and Popular Words174专业学术词汇与一般常用词
13、汇 .174Another School Year - What For?.176又是一个新学年 上大学到底为了什么 .176How Dictionaries Are Made .185各类词书都是怎样编成的 .185The Language of Uncertainty .1876模糊语言 .187Language.189语言 .189Solving Problems Scientifically191按科学的步骤去解决问题 .191What Is a Decision? 194什么是决策 .194Window.197窗外 .197Jonathan Swift - Resolutions W
14、hen I Come to Be Old 199预拟老年决心 .199Henry David Thoreau - Autumn Sunset .201秋天的日落 .201Hilaire Belloc - A Conversation with a Cat 202对猫一席话 .204Francis Bacon - Of Beauty206R. Duncan - Three Peach Stones.207三颗核桃 .208Charles Edward Montague - The Faculty of Delight209感知快乐的天赋 .210James Baldwin - A Fly in
15、Buttermilk .211酸奶里的一只苍蝇 .213William Henry Hudson Birds 215林鸟 .215W. Faulkner - Funeral Sermon for Mammy Caroline Barr 219在卡洛琳巴尔大妈葬仪上的演说词 .219Max Forrester Eastman - On Learning Foreign Languages220谈谈学习外语 .222William J.Lederer - A Sailors Christmas Gift226一个海员的圣诞礼物 .228Glories of the Storm230辉煌壮丽的暴风雨
16、 .232Lynn Rosellini.234杜格埃厄 .236Edward Verrall Lucas - The School for Sympathy.2397毕姆小姐的学校 .242William Trevor - Felicias Journey .244费利西娅的旅行 .245William N. Brown - Genius Sacrificed for Failure.245为育庸才损英才 .2468世界医学之父希波克拉底格言选译作者: 刘荣跃-希波克拉底（ Hippocrates,约公元前 460-前 377） ，古希腊医生，被誉为医学之父。关于其生平可信的材料甚少，同时代或
17、近乎同时代的柏拉图及米诺的作品中有过一些描述。500 年后希腊医生索拉努斯根据传说及想象写过希波克拉底传，但仅知他出身科斯的世医家庭，身材矮小，医术超群。他广泛游历希腊及小亚细亚，行医授徒，长期在科斯的医科学校任教。现存有 60 篇著作署以希波克拉底之名，总称希波克拉底文集 。但经研究，这些作品非一人一时之作，创作年代前后相差至少 100 年，且长短、风格、观点、读者对象各异；但均用爱奥尼亚方言（当时希腊学术界使用的语言）写成，内容涉及解剖、临床、妇儿疾病、预后、饮食、药物疗法、医学道德、哲学等。杰出的有流行病学 、 圣病 、预后学 、 格言等。据说出自其手的希波克拉底誓言 ，是举世闻名的医学
18、道德准则，一直被医务人员视为行为指南，至今仍在许多医学院校的毕业典礼上宣读。 本格言著于公元前 400 年，共分 7 个部分，约 300 条。内容均为有关医学保健的精辟论断，对于医务保健工作进行了高度的概括。如今，人人深知健康身体的重要，全民的保健意识大大提高，而这些格言正好十分有助于大家提高自身的保健知识。本书明年将出版中文本，现选译部分以飨读者。贵刊可根据情况从中选用。 饮食与健康 1Life is short, and Art long; the crisis fleeting; experience perilous, and decision difficult. The physi
19、cian must not only be prepared to do what is right himself, but also to make the patient, the attendants, and externals cooperate. 1生命短暂，医术长久；危象稍纵即逝；经验危险，诊断不易。医生不仅必须自身处事正确，而且务必让病人及服务人员等外在因素通力合作。 注：危象，指病情急转点。 2. In disorders of the bowels and vomitings, occurring spontaneously, if the matters purged
20、be such as ought to be purged, they do good, and are well borne; but if not, the contrary. And so artificial evacuations, if they consist of such matters as should be evacuated, do good, and are well borne; but if not, the contrary. One, then, ought to look to the country, the season, the age, and t
21、he diseases in which they are proper or not. 2当自然出现腹泻和呕吐时，若排除之物应予排除则有益身体，令人好受；反之则不然。所以人为的排除，若排除之物应予排除则有益身体，令人好受；反之则不然。因此人们应注意其适合或不适合于存在的地区、季节、年龄和疾病。 注：注意原文非常简洁，这是格言的一大特点。 3. In the athletae, embonpoint, if carried to its utmost limit, is dangerous, for they cannot remain in the same state nor be sta
22、tionary; and since, then, they can neither remain stationary nor improve, it only remains for them 9to get worse; for these reasons the embonpoint should be reduced without delay, that the body may again have a commencement of reparation. Neither should the evacuations, in their case, be carried to
23、an extreme, for this also is dangerous, but only to such a point as the persons constitution can endure. In like manner, medicinal evacuations, if carried to an extreme, are dangerous; and again, a restorative course, if in the extreme, is dangerous. 3健壮者若变得过于肥胖则危险，因肥胖之躯不会固定不变；既不可能固定不变或有所改善，则只会每况愈下；
24、为此应及时减肥，不可拖延，以便使身体恢复健康。在此种情况下，减肥措施也不应走极端，因这同样危险；而只宜以人的体质能承受为限。同样，药物减肥若走极端亦危险；又同样，恢复的疗程若走极端亦不安全。 注：格言体现出把握好“度”的人生哲理我们在生活的方方面面不也应如此？凡事都应力求“适度” ，而要把握好这个度确非易事。 4. A slender restricted diet is always dangerous in chronic diseases, and also in acute diseases, where it is not requisite. And again, a diet b
25、rought to the extreme point of attenuation is dangerous; and repletion, when in the extreme, is also dangerous. 4.无论漫性病还是急性病，过分节食总是危险，实无必要。饮食过分不足危险，而过分饱胀亦同样如此。5. In a restricted diet, patients who transgress are thereby more hurt (than in any other?); for every such transgression,whatever it may be,
26、 is followed by greater consequences than in a diet somewhat more generous. On this account, a very slender, regulated, and restricted diet is dangerous to persons in health, because they bear transgressions of it moredifficultly. For this reason, a slender and restricted diet is generally more dang
27、erous than one a little more liberal. 5就限制饮食而言，病人若运用不当则更为有害（比任何他人？） ；因所有这类运用不当之行为，造成的后果都比较为随意的饮食带来的影响严重。所以，经常性地过分限制饮食对于健康者危险，因他们更难于承受此种不当之举。因此，过分限制饮食通常比略为随意地限制更加危险。 6. For extreme diseases, extreme methods of cure, as to restriction, are most suitable. 6.对于重病，就克制治疗而言，最宜采取极端之疗法。 7. When the disease i
28、s very acute, it is attended with extremely severe symptoms in its first stage; and therefore an extremely attenuating diet must be used. When this is not the case, but it is allowable to give a more generous diet, we may depart as far from the severity of regimen as the disease, by its mildness, is
29、 removed from the extreme. 7疾病处于剧烈之时，初期则伴随相当严重症状；因此必须尽量减少食物。但若疾病并非如此，饮食则可更加随意，不必受严格的食物疗法限制，直至疾病脱离危险。 8. When the disease is at its height, it will then be necessary to use the most slender diet. 108.当疾病处于最高峰之际，则必须对病人给予最少量之食。 9. We must form a particular judgment of the patient, whether he will suppo
30、rt the diet until the acme of the disease, and whether he will sink previously and not support the diet, or the disease will give way previously, and become less acute. 9对病人必须作出准确判断，看他是否能承受规定饮食直至病情严重，是否过早消瘦难以承受规定饮食，或是否疾病更先退出得以缓解。 10. In those cases, then, which attain their acme speedily, a restrict
31、ed diet should be enjoined at first; but in those cases which reach their acme later, we must retrench at that period or a little before it; but previously we must allow a more generous diet to support the patient. 10若病症很快达到高峰，最初则切忌节食；但若病症以后达到高峰，则必须在此时或再早一点节食；不过必须事先允许病人饮食更加随意使其身体获得供养。 11. We must re
32、trench during paroxysms, for to exhibit food would be injurious. And in all diseases having periodical paroxysms, we must restrict during the paroxysms. 11疾病发作时必须减少食量，否则有害无益。凡周期发作之疾病，发作时必须节食。 12. The exacerbations and remissions will be indicated by the diseases, the seasons of the year, the recipro
33、cation of the periods, whether they occur every day, every alternate day, or after a longer period, and by the supervening symptoms; as, for example, in pleuritic cases, expectoration, if it occur at the commencement, shortens the attack, but if it appear later, it prolongs the same; and in the same
34、 manner the urine, and alvine discharges, and sweats, according as They appear along with favorable or unfavorable symptoms, indicate diseases of a short or long duration. 12根据疾病本身、季节变化、周期交替无论是每天、每隔一天或更长时间以及根据意外出现的症状，即可看出疾病是恶化还是解除。以胸膜炎病症为例，若咯淡出现于初期，则疾病不会长久；但若出现于后期，则疾病将会拖延。同样，根据大小便、出汗的现象及与之相伴的有利或不利症状
35、，即可知患病时间之长短。 13. Old persons endure fasting most easily; next, adults; young persons not nearly so well; and most especially infants, and of them such as are of a particularly lively spirit. 13.老年人最易节食，成年人次之，青年人则相差甚远；而尤其是婴儿相对于他们而言，婴儿特别富有活力。 14. Growing bodies have the most innate heat; they therefor
36、e require the most food, for otherwise their bodies are wasted. In old persons the heat is feeble, and therefore they require little fuel, as it were, to the flame, for it would be extinguished by much. On this account, also, fevers in old persons are not equally acute, because their bodies are cold
37、. 14成长之躯有其充分的内在热量，因此需充足食物，否则会消瘦。而老人之躯少有热量，所以犹如炉火只需少许“燃料” ，因燃料过多会使其熄灭。因而老人发热也不会一样剧烈，因其身躯热量不多。 1115. In winter and spring the bowels are naturally the hottest, and the sleep most prolonged; at these seasons, then, the most sustenance is to be administered; for as the belly has then most innate heat, i
38、t stands in need of most food. The well-known facts with regard to young persons and the athletae prove this. 15冬春两季体内热量自然最多，睡眠时间最长；此时应有充足之食物，因胃部既热量充分，亦最需食物提供养料。年轻人和运动员不乏众所周知的事实，可以证明。 16. A humid regimen is befitting in all febrile diseases, and particularly in children, and others accustomed to liv
39、e on such a diet. 16所有热病患者以吃稀食为宜，尤其是孩子和习惯此种饮食者。 7. We must consider, also, in which cases food is to be given once or twice a day, and in greater or smaller quantities, and at intervals. Something must be conceded to habit, to season, to country, and to age. 17.我们还必须针对各种病情，考虑每天给病人的食物是一次还是两次，是多还是少，间隔
40、的时间是长还是短。同时也必须因习惯、季节、国家和年龄的不同而区别对待。 18. Invalids bear food worst during summer and autumn, most easily in winter, and next in spring. 18夏秋两季病人饮食最差，冬季最好，春季次之。 19. Neither give nor enjoin anything to persons during periodical paroxysms, but abstract from the accustomed allowance before the crisis. 19当
41、疾病周期性发作时，给病人的食物既不增添也不禁止，而是在危险期前对其平常食物作适当减少。 20. When things are at the crisis, or when they have just passed it, neither move the bowels, nor make any innovation in the treatment, either as regards purgatives or any other such stimulants, but let things alone. 20当病情处于或刚过危险期时，既不设法让病人排泄又不采取任何创新治疗无论使用泻
42、药还是任何其它类似刺激药物而应随其自然。 21. Those things which require to be evacuated should be evacuated, wherever they most tend, by the proper outlets. 21凡需排泄之物均应通过正当渠道予以排除，无论它们最有何倾向。 22. We must purge and move such humors as are concocted, not such as are unconcocted, unless they are struggling to get out, which
43、is mostly not the case. 22我们必须排除和去掉已消化而非未消化的体液，除非它们本身正极力脱离躯体在多数情况下并非如此。 23. The evacuations are to be judged of not by their quantity, but whether they be such as they should be, and how they are borne. 23鉴定排泄物勿根据其数量，而应看其是否为应排泄之物，以及病人有何感受。 24. Use purgative medicines sparingly in acute diseases, and
44、 at the commencement, and not without proper 12circumspection. 24对急性病最初宜少用泻药，并且要慎重。 25. If the matters which are purged be such as should be purged, the evacuation is beneficial, and easily borne; but, not withstanding, if otherwise, with difficulty. 25若排除之物应予排除，则有益健康，令人易受；否则令人难受。13The Roman Peace b
45、y Aelius Aristides罗马的和平 古罗马 阿里斯蒂德斯 孙有中 选译If one considers the vast extent of your empire he must be amazed that so small a fraction of it rules the world, but when he beholds the city and its spaciousness it is not astonishing that all the habitable world is ruled by such a capital . . . . Your poss
46、essions equal the suns course . . . . You do not rule within fixed boundaries, nor can anyone dictate the limits of your sway . . . . Whatever any people produces can be found here, at all times and in abundance . . . . Egypt, Sicily, and the civilized part of Africa are your farms; ships are contin
47、ually coming and going . . . . 考虑到你的帝国幅员之辽阔，任何人都会惊讶不已：如此弹丸之地居然统治着全世界。然而，只要他目睹这座气势恢弘的城市，世间人迹所至之处之所以受制于此一都城，也就不足为怪了。普天之下，莫非王土。你的统治并不囿于固定的疆域，也没有任何人能够约束你的权力。在这里，一年四季，世间物产应有尽有，源源不竭。埃及、西西里以及非洲的开化地带都是你的农场；船舶往来，川流不息Vast as it is, your empire is more remarkable for its thoroughness than its scope: there are
48、no dissident or rebellious enclaves . . . . The whole world prays in unison that your empire may endure forever. 你的帝国固然广袤无边，而更值得称道的不是它的疆域，而是它的稳固：这里没有任何叛逆的飞地。全世界同声祈祷：愿你的帝国万古长存。Governors sent out to cities and peoples each rule their charges, but in their relations to each other they are equally subje
49、cts. The principal difference between governors and their charges is thisthey demonstrate the proper way to be a subject. So great is their reverence for the great Ruler the emperor, who administers all things. Him they believe to know their business better than they themselves do, and hence they respect and heed him more than one would a master overseeing a task and giving orders. No on
