1、词组1、 The creation and distribution of wealth 财富的创造与分配2、 Monetary economics 货币经济学3、 Labor economics 劳动经济学4、 Industrial economics 产业经济学5、 Mortgage payments 偿付贷款6、 Scare resources 稀缺资源7、 Labor-intensive 劳动密集型8、 Capital-intensive 资本密集型9、 Microeconomics 微观经济学10、Macroeconomics 宏观经济学11、Wage rates 报酬率12、Pro
2、fit margins 利润率13、Aggregate demand 积累总需求14、Budget deficit 预算赤字15、Prosperity and depression 繁荣与萧条16、Market equilibrium 市场均衡17、Balance of payments 贸易支付差额 Balance of payments 收支平衡18、Money supply 货币供给19、Inflation 通货膨胀20、The rate of inflation 通货膨胀率21、Labor force 劳动力22、Final demand 最终需求23、Factors of produ
3、ction 生产要素24、GNP=Gross National Product 国民生产总值25、GDP=Gross Domestic Product 国内生产总值26、Personal expenditure 个人消费27、Government spending 政府支出28、Opportunity cost 机会成本29、Transaction cost 交易成本30、Overhead cost 管理费用/间接成本31、Marginal revenue 边际收益32、Marginal cost 边际成本33、International trade 国际贸易34、Specialization
4、 in production 专业化生产35、Potential market 潜在市场36、Mercantilism 重商主义37、Absolute advantage 绝对优势38、Comparative advantage 比较优势39、Domestic employment 国内就业40、Domestic firms 国内企业41、World output 世界产出42、Trade reform 贸易改革43、Trade liberalization 贸易自由化44、Human capital 人力资本45、Macroeconomic instability 宏观经济不稳定46、Fre
5、e trade 自由贸易47、Purse a “laissz faire” policy 实施放任的贸易政策48、Restrictive regulations 限制性规定49、National autarky 国家的自给自足50、Cross-border trade 跨国贸易51、Closed economies 封闭的经济52、Trade restrictions 贸易限制53、Infant industries 幼稚产业54、Start-up costs 创业成本55、A net loss 净亏损56、Anti-dumping 反倾销57、Non-tariff measures 非关税措
6、施58、Telecommunications services 电信服务59、Tariff-free trade 免税贸易60、Information technology products 信息技术产品61、WTO=World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织62、GATT=General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关贸总协定63、IMF=International Monetary Foundation 国际货币基金组织64、The World Bank 世界银行65、Foreign exchange rate 汇率66、Direct
7、quotation method 直接标价法67、Home/Foreign currency 本币/ 外币68、Local currencies 地方货币69、Electronic rate board 电子汇率牌70、Spot/forward exchange rate 即期 /远期汇率71、“on the spot”trade 现场交易72、Appreciate/depreciate 增值/贬值73、At a discout/at a premium 贴税 /升税74、Foreign exchange risk 外汇风险75、Cash flow 现金流76、Currency movemen
8、ts 货币流动77、Transaction exposure 交易风险78、Accounting/translation exposure 会计风险/折算风险79、Economic exposure 经济风险80、Assets and liabilities 资产与负债81、Consolidated accounts 合并资产负债表82、Foreign exchange market 外汇市场83、demand and supply 供求关系二、填空1、微观经济学的三要素：supply,demand,market equilibrium2、两种外汇汇率：spot rate,forward ra
9、te3、国际贸易的两种争议：free trade,protectionism4、三种交易风险:transaction expousure,translation expousure,economic expousure5、三种外汇报价法：direct quotation,indirect quotation,US dollar quotation6、外汇市场的两种职能：currency conversion,insuring against foreign sisk7、对外直接投资的两种类型：horizontal,vertical段落填空：1、 International trade is t
10、he exchange of goods and services between nations. Goods can be defined as finished products, as intermediate goods used in producing other goods, or as agricultural products and foodstuffs. International trade enables a nation to specialize in those goods it can produce most cheaply and effciently.
11、 Trade also enables a country to consume more than it would be able to produce if it depended only on its own resources. Finally, trade enlarges the potential market for the goods of a particular economy. Trade has always been the major force behind the economic relations among nations.国际贸易是各个国家间商品与
12、服务的交换。商品可以定义为产品、或在生产最终产品过程中的间接商品，以及农产品和再加工过的食品。国际贸易促使一个国家关注这些投入产出比更高的商品。国际贸易还可以促使一个国家消耗比依靠它自身资源所生成的更多的产品。最后，国际贸易还还可扩大某种商品在特定经济条件下的潜在市场。在国家间的经济关系的背景下，国际贸易往往是最强有力的经济活动。2、 Besides this fundamental advantage, further economic benefits result when countries trade with one anther. International trade lead
13、s to more efficient and increased world production, thus allowing countries(and individuals) to consume a larger and more diverse bundle of goods. A nation possessing limited natural resources is able to produce and consume more than it otherwise could. As noted earlier,the establishment of internat
14、ional trade expands the number of potential markets in which a country can sell its goods. The increased international demand for goods translates into greater production and more extensive use of raw materials and labor, which in turn leads to growth in domestic employment. Competition from interna
15、tional trade can also force domestic firms to become more efficient through modernization and innovation.除了基本的优点之外，国家间的贸易还会带来更长远的经济利益。国际贸易会促使世界产品体系更加有效和完善，进而就允许多个国家（或者是个体）消费大量多样化的商品。拥有有限自然资源的国家能够生产或消费它能力之外的商品。据最早史料记载，国际贸易市场的建立扩大了一个国家可以销售其商品的潜在市场。对商品呈增长态势的国际需求逐渐转变成更大的产量，以及大量原材料和劳动力的使用，这也间接的阴气地区内雇佣关系的
16、增加。国际贸易引起的竞争也可以促使国内的公司在现代化的变革中变的更加高效。3、 There is the premier controversy in international trade: whether to follow a policy of free trade or s elected protectionism. 在国际贸易中首要的争议是：是否遵循自由贸易政策还是选择贸易保护主义。4、 There are two kinds of exchange rates:spot exchange rates and forward exchange rates.有 2 种汇率：即期汇率
17、和远期汇率。5. The two most prominent forms of restriction on international trade are tariff（taxes on imports）and imports quotas （restrictions on the number of imports of a particular products）.Tariffs raise the domestic price of a product by taxing imported goods. Domestic producers benefit， but domestic
18、 consumers lose more than the producers gain. The effects of other trade restriction are similar. Trade restrictions may also provoke foreign retaliation in the form of higher foreign tariffs on domestic exports.翻译/简答1. Nearly all goods and service are scarce in the sense that the supply of them is
19、limited. 从供给关系的意义上来讲，几乎所有的商品和服务都可视为是稀缺的。 （翻译）2What is economics?什么是经济Economics can be seen in terms of the study of human behavior in the context of limited resource.经济学可以理解为在资源有限的环境中对人类行为进行研究。3What is economics concerned?经济学包括什么方面Economics is concerned with three principal matters which are the beh
20、avior of prices, the forces which determine income and employment and the creation and distribution of wealth.经济学是研究三个主要问题：价格的行为,决定定收入和雇佣的动力，和财富的创造和分配。4 What kinds of choices confront all societies?社会面临哪些选择(问答)These choices include:1) What output will be produced. 2) How will the goods be produced?3
21、) For whom will the output be produced?1、 What output will be produced? It is obvious that if society cannot have all the output it desires, it must choose which goods and services to produce from the available resources. 很显然社会不可能生产出所有我们所渴望的，他必须选择那些能获得的资源可以生产出来的产品和服务。2、 How will the goods be produce
22、d? There are various ways of producing any given output. In many of the worlds poorer countries production is largely labor-intensive, while production of the same goods in the richer countries is often capital-intensive. 有很多不同的生产方式来生产指定的产品，在世界上很多穷困的国家生产方式是大的劳动密集型主品，在那些富有的国家却多为资金密集型。3、 For whom will
23、 the output be produced? Clearly, if an output is produced there must be some means of allocating it to consumers and of deciding who receives what. 很明显，如果生产的是产品这儿一定有两点因素：如何分配给客户及决定谁接受什么。5. What is microeconomics?什么是微观经济学Microeconomics deals with small units. It is concerned with the allocation of s
24、carce means among competing ends. 微观经济学解决单个小单位的经济活动。它关于在竞争中对稀缺资源的配置问题。6. What is macroeconomics concerned with?关于宏观经济学的内容是什么Macroeconomics is concerned with the aggregate or overall economy.宏观经济学关心的是聚合或整体经济。7.What does macroeconomics deal with ? 宏观经济学处理的是什么， Macroeconomics deals with economic factor
25、 such as total national output and income, unemployment ,balance of payments, and the rate of inflation.宏观经济学处理经济因素如总国民产出和收入,失业,国际收支,通货膨胀的速度。8. Nearly all goods and service are scarce in the sense that the supply of them is limited. 由于供给有限，几乎所有的商品和服务都可视为是稀缺的。9.for whom will the output be produced?商品
26、为谁生产出来的？Clearly， if an output is produced there must be some means of allocating it to consumers and of deciding who receives what.10. What is the definition of GNP in macroeconomics?在宏观经济学中 GNP 的概念the GNP is the total value of goods and services produced in an economy during a given period of time,
27、usually a year . 国民生产总值就是一个国家在一定期限内（通常指一年内） 所生产的的所有商品与服务的总值。11. 什么是机会成本？（简答）This is defined as the cost of doing something as measured in terms of the value of the lost opportunity to pursue the best alternative activity with the same time and resources. 做某件事的成本被视为将同样多的时间和资源所放弃追求的另一活动的最佳活动的价值来衡量。Ric
28、ardo showed that the specialization goods in each country should be that goods in which the country had a comparative advantage in production. 李嘉图指出每个国家专业化生产的产品均须为在该国生产中具有比较优势的产品。 （翻译）12.支持贸易保护主义的几个观点？（简答）. Common argument for protectionismArgument 1 Domestic firm need trade restriction to compete i
29、n world markets.（国内企业需要保持贸易限制政策来帮助他们参与并实现市场的竞争）Argument 2 Trade restrictions protect jobs.（贸易限制政策有助于保护就业岗位）Argument 3 Trade restrictions raise wages.（贸易限制政策有利于抬高薪金）Argument 4 Temporary trade restrictions help industries get started. （临时的贸易限制政策有助于产业起步）13.关于关税The two most prominent forms of restrictio
30、n on international trade are tariff（taxes on imports）and imports quotas （restrictions on the number of imports of a particular products）.Tariffs raise the domestic price of a product by taxing imported goods. Domestic producers benefit， but domestic consumers lose more than the producers gain. The e
31、ffects of other trade restriction are similar. Trade restrictions may also provoke foreign retaliation in the form of higher foreign tariffs on domestic exports.国际贸易最显著的两种形式是对进口商品的征税和进口的配额。关税通过对进口商品征税，抬高了产品在国内的价格。国内的生产商获利了，但是消费者失去的比生产商的获利更大。其他贸易限制措施的效果都相似，贸易限制政策同样对激发外国通过对本国出口商品征收更高关税的形式来进行抱负。14.What
32、s WTO?（建立时间 目标 手段） （简答）The WTO came into being in 1995.（WTO 的诞生） It is the only global international organization dealing with the rules trade between nations.（WTO 的性质：国际贸易组织是唯一一家全球性的解决应对国家间贸易规则的贸易机构）The WTOs overriding objective is to help trade flow smoothly, freely fairly and predictably.（WTO 的遵旨
33、：帮助世界贸易平稳顺利自由自愿公平公正如期的进行） It does this by (1) Administering trade agreement (2) Acting as a forum of trade negotiations (3) Settling trade disputes (4) Reviewing national trade policies (5) Assisting developing countries international organization trade policy issues, through technical assistance an
34、d training programmers (6) Cooperating with other international organizations , such as IMF, the World Bank.15.How many quotation methods do you know? What are they?(你知道有多少种报价方法？都有哪些)（简答）There are three quotation methods of exchange rates. They are:(1)Direct quotationmethod,直接报价法(2)Indirect quotatio
35、n method,间接报价法(3)US dollar quotation method 美元报价法16、What is the spot exchange rate?(什么是即期汇率)The spot exchange rate is the rate at which a foreign exchange dealer converts one currency into another currency on a particular day.即期汇率指的是外汇交易商在某一特定的一天把一国货币兑换成另一国货币时所采用的汇率。17、What is the forward exchange r
36、ate?(什么是远期汇率)A forward exchange occurs when two parties agree to exchange currency execute that deal at some specific date in the future.远期汇率的发生是当双方同意交换货币，并且在将来某个具体的日期执行交易时出现的。Exchange rates governing such future transactions are referred to as forward exchange rates. 支配这种远期交易的汇率就被称为远期汇率。18.汇率的价格有什么
37、决定？The value of a currency is determined by the interaction between the demand and supply of that currency relative to the demand and supply of other currencies.一国货币的价值由这个国家国币的供求关系相对于另一国货币供求关系的相互作用决定的。19.What are the functions of foreign exchange market?(外汇市场的功能是什么)？（简答）Foreign exchange market serve
38、s two main functions. The first is to convert the currency of one country into that of another country, and the second is to provide some insurance against foreign exchange risk.一，兑换货币，二，针对外汇风险提供保险20.What are the characteristics of foreign exchange market?(外汇市场的特点是什么)（简答）The characteristics of forei
39、gn exchange market are as the followings：（1） The foreign exchange market is not located in any one place, but an integration of the various trading centers. 外汇市场是全球一体化的市场（2） The foreign exchange market has been growing at rapid pace, which reflects a general growth in the volume of cross-border trad
40、e and investment.外汇市场飞速发展，国际贸易额和对外直接投资额的飞速增长。（3） The foreign exchange market never sleeps.外汇市场永不休眠（4） Most transactions in the foreign exchange involved dollars.外汇市场的中介主要是美元21What is FDI?(什么是对外直接投资) what is its types? 它的种类有哪些？FDI is， in essence, the creation or expansion of firms that operate across
41、 national boundaries. 一国的投资者跨国境投入资本或其他生产要素，以获取或控制相应的企业经营管理权。FDI can also be divided into two other types: Horizontal FDI and Vertical FDI.对外直接投资可分为两种类：水平线 FDI 和垂直线 FDI判断第一单元A 篇1. with two major matters: The behavior of price and the creation and distribution of wealth.2. Economics is concerned only
42、with money.3. Economics is derived from a Greek word meaning the management of a household. 4. Since we never seem to have enough money to provide for all the things we would like, we have to try to make the best use of our scarce resources, and to use them efficiently. 5. Nearly all goods and servi
43、ces are scarce in the sense that supply of them is limited. 6. As individuals or firms our income is finite, our wants potentially infinite. 7. An already wealthy businessman with surely jump at the chance of making more money.8. Obviously if society cannot have all the output it desires, it must ch
44、oose which goods and services to produce from the available resources. B 篇1. One of the two major fields of economics is microeconomics, explaining how the interplay of supply and demand in competitive markets creates a multitude of individual prices, wage rates, profit margins, and rental changes.
45、2. Macroeconomics, the second major field of economics, deals with small units, including individual companies and small groups of consumers.3. According to Keynes, inadequate aggregate demand increases unemployment. The necessary cure is either more investment by businesses or more spending and con
46、sequently larger budget deficits by government. 4. Microeconomics deals with modern explanations of national income and employment.5. It is always possible to make a distinction between microeconomics and macroeconomics as their names imply.6. The third components of microeconomics is market equilib
47、rium, referring to how markets enable these supplies and demands to interact. 7. To understand macroeconomics, it is very important to understand what constitutes national output, or national income, and the related concept of gross national product. 8. The size of a countrys potential GNP at any mo
48、ment in time determines its factors of productionlabor and capital and its technology. C 篇1. In everyday life we tend to use the word cost quite loosely but nearly always its meaning is closely associated with the spending of money. 2. Economists use the word “cost” in a number of different way too,
49、 but the central idea of the word for the economist is known as transaction cost.3. According to the economist, if the marginal revenue exceeds the marginal cost, the additional production will be worthwhile. 4. In economics the word margin (and marginal) used in various contexts to refer to a small (unit) increase or decrease in some economic activities. 5. The concepts of opportunity cost and the margin are loosely related.6. If production and distribution are efficient it may be possible to provide more goods and services at lower prices and thus enable people
