1、四、推理判断细节推断题,专题三 第二节 分类突破,感悟体会,名师点津,内容索引,随堂限时练,感悟体会,It was already midnight and I was walking quickly out of Recovery Room，knowing I had to be back early next morning.Though in a hurry，I noticed a lone woman with an anxious look on her face.As it turned out，her daughter-in-law had just been transferr
2、ed to Intensive Care，so I decided to take her up there.Down the hall，she stated，“I bet youre trying to leave，arent you？” I confirmed her observation，adding that it was quite all right.We soon arrived，and upon talking with the patients nurse，I was able to let her in right away.She turned to me and sa
3、id，“Thank you，you will be blessed.”,The next day，on my way home after my day shift，I noticed a voice mail from my sister in Rochester，which gave me an uneasy feeling.I had to pull off the road as I listened to her message：“Mom had a stroke；shes in the hospital and the Neurologist said it doesnt look
4、 good.” My mind darted back to the words I had heard the night before as I cried out with anger：“This is a blessing？”,The following day I flew up to Rochester.My brother picked me up from the airport and we soon arrived at the hospital.I walked into my moms room and she looked as if I had never seen
5、 her before.Her usual bright smile was replaced with a look of emptiness.All at once the cruel reality of the signs and symptoms of a fresh stroke were there，but I wasnt the instructor，I was just a family member. My mom seemed to recognize me，and I fought back tears as I told her how much I loved he
6、r.,Over the next five days，my mom made unexpected progress，as she began to speak a few words，slowly and almost painfully.With each milestone，it seemed the nurses and aides were almost as excited as we were.Everyone，without exception，treated my mom with kindness and compassion.I think the event that
7、will stay in my memory forever occurred on my moms fourth day.It was time to repeat the swallowing study to assess if my mom could start eating.All four of us siblings hung together in the waiting room，nervous，our eyes shifting constantly to the door of 2607，anticipating and desperately hoping for g
8、ood news.,As her door opened，the therapist came out with a smile；we instantly knew she had good news，and we collectively breathed a sigh of relief.Five days after her stroke，my mom was ready for transfer to a rehabilitation facility，and I was headed back down South.With a very heavy heart，I said goo
9、dbye to my mom and the staff from the Stroke Unit. On the way back home，I had plenty of time to think about my own experiences as a Recovery Room nurse.I could envision the smiles on so many of the faces of our patients as they leave our unit.I was also reminded of the fact that we as health care gi
10、vers have a certain power：we can add to the stress of a patients hospital experience，or we can be the one ray of sunshine that leaves a smile on their face.,Truly，there will always be the pain of knowing that my mom had a stroke，but my memories will always be tempered by the thoughtful care she rece
11、ived in the Stroke Unit.I have since reflected on the words of gratitude spoken to me a week earlier by the visitor I took to the ICU.Yes，I was blessed；it was the kind of blessing that will warm my heart forever.,语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文，作者的母亲轻度中风，作者表现出无助，在医院里每个人和病人的共鸣产生与众不同的效果，母亲康复，作者永远记住这温暖的祝福。,语篇解读,1.What a
12、ctually made the author uneasy? A.That she had to listen to a voice mail from her sister. B.That she didnt believe the blessing she had heard. C.That she sensed something wrong with her mom. D.That she must fly up to Rochester the next day.,解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The next day，on my way home after my day s
13、hift，I noticed a voice mail from my sister in Rochester，which gave me an uneasy feeling.I had to pull off the road as I listened to her message：Mom had a stroke；shes in the hospital.”可知，是她感觉妈妈可能身体不舒服，这使她不安。故选C。,答案,解析,2.By “I wasnt the instructor，I was just a family member”，the author was trying to s
14、how . A.sympathy B.helplessness C.anger D.respect,解析 推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句“All at once the cruel reality of the signs and symptoms of a fresh stroke were there，but I wasnt the instructor，I was just a family member.”可知，作者感到非常无助。故选B。,答案,解析,3.What can we infer from Paragraph 4? A.Stroke recovery usually tak
15、es five days. B.Empathy(共鸣) with patients makes a difference. C.The author has been mentally prepared. D.Her mothers case was beyond expectation.,解析 推理判断题。根据第四段第三、四句“With each milestone，it seemed the nurses and aides were almost as excited as we were.Everyone，without exception，treated my mom with ki
16、ndness and compassion.I think the event that will stay in my memory forever occurred on my moms fourth day.”可知，和病人的共鸣会产生与众不同的效果。故选B。,答案,解析,4.According to the passage，the author ended with a blessing. A.spiritual B.mixed C.disguised D.material,解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Yes，I was blessed；it was the kind of
17、blessing that will warm my heart forever.”可知，作者以一种精神上的祝福而结束。故选A。,答案,解析,名师点津,一、题型解读 细节推理判断题要求考生根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，才可能作出准确的推断。题干主要包括六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，conclude(作出结论)和assume(假定，设想)。,该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现
18、： 1.It can be inferred from the text that . 2.We can learn from the passage that . 3.It can be concluded from the passage that . 4.The writer/author indicates/suggests/implies that .,二、解题技巧关键词句细推敲 第一步：定位细节根据题干提供的信息，抓住某一段话的关键信息(关键词语)。 第二步：揣摩细节对原文中的信息进行分析，推理判断，利用逆向思维和正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。 注意：1.切勿拿文章中
19、的某一个细节内容作为推理的结论。 2.勿脱离原文而凭个人看法主观臆断。,例如： 感悟体会 中的3题：根据第四段第三、四句“With each milestone，it seemed the nurses and aides were almost as excited as we were.Everyone，without exception，treated my mom with kindness and compassion.I think the event that will stay in my memory forever occurred on my moms fourth da
20、y.”可知，和病人的共鸣会产生与众不同的效果。故选B。,随堂限时练,A (2018山西一模) Five weeks ago I had a total hip replacement surgery(髋关节置换手术).In Canada，we have great healthcare system.That means we get our new hips for free. My hip had been hurting me for years before I went to the doctor.Of course，it was free.She referred me to a
21、surgeon，but the earliest appointment was in 10 months.That is what being free gets you.Ten months later，after some free X-rays，the surgeon told me I needed a surgery，which was about an 18-month wait，for some senior citizens had been on the operation list.Another 18 months! I dragged myself out of th
22、e surgeons office.,Walking through the hospital，I thought about the situation.As the 1breadwinner of a large family，I couldnt wait that long，so I had to get to the front line.I was fully aware of what a Canadian should be like (Canadians are usually considered gentle and caring)，but this time I real
23、ly needed to fight for myself.At that very moment，in the shop window of the hospital，I saw a sign which read，“Volunteers Needed.” Suddenly，an idea occurred to meI would get the job.Fortunately，they 2signed me up immediately because the average age of the volunteers at the hospital was 75.They were d
24、esperate for some young blood.,Every Friday morning，I was at the shop.While seeing the hospital 5staff，Id 3casually ask，“What do you do？” Then Id tell them，“Well，Im getting my hip replacedin 18 months.Its going to be so great when the pain stops.” Soon，all the staff got to know me.Naturally，in my ne
25、xt appointment，the surgeon recognized me.Moments later，I had a surgery date just weeks away.,I had to say it was actually my volunteering that got me to the front of the line.And Im not ashamed of it，for I intend to stick with the volunteering.Also，even when I cheated the system，I did it in a way th
26、at benefits society.,语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。作者需要做髋关节置换手术，在加拿大这种手术是免费的，但是需要等待很长时间，作者不能等待那么长的时间。于是她开始做志愿者接触医院的人，最终外科的员工也认识了作者，提前为她做了手术。作者认为尽管她欺骗了制度，但是她是以一种有益于社会的方式来做的这件事，是一笔公平的交易。,语篇解读,1.What can we infer from the second paragraph? A.She felt rather disappointed. B.She couldnt walk because of the pain. C.She w
27、as too scared to have the surgery. D.She didnt believe what the surgeon said.,解析 推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“She referred me to a surgeon，but the earliest appointment was in 10 months.”和最后两句“Another 18 months! I dragged myself out of the surgeons office.”可知，作者要免费做髋关节置换手术需要等待很长时间，作者慢吞吞地走出外科门诊。因此推断她感到非常失望。故选A。,答案,
28、解析,2.Why did the writer decide to be a volunteer? A.To donate blood to the hospital. B.To get her new hip free of charge. C.To receive some tiny gifts from others. D.To approach the doctor for an early surgery.,解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，作者做志愿活动时，看到医院里的职员就和他们闲谈，告诉他们自己非常希望做髋关节置换手术，很快，所有的员工都认识了她，自然外科的员工也认识了
29、她，数周之后，她就进行了手术。因此推断作者做志愿者是为了接近医生早做手术。故选D。,答案,解析,3.What did the author think of her cheating? A.It was a shame. B.It was a pride. C.It was beneficial. D.It was a fair 7deal.,解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“And Im not ashamed of it，for I intend to stick with the volunteering.Also，even when I cheated the system，I di
30、d it in a way that benefits society.”可知，作者并不感到羞愧，因为即使她欺骗了系统，她也是以一种有益于社会的方式来做的这件事。因此推断作者认为她的欺骗是一笔公平的交易。故选D。,答案,解析,4.Which can be the best title for the text? A.How I Got My New Hip B.The Doctor Who Saved My Life C.How to Be a Volunteer in Hospital D.The Problem of Canada Healthcare System,解析 标题归纳题。纵观
31、全文可知，作者需要做髋关节置换手术，在加拿大这种手术是免费的，但是需要等待很长时间，作者不能等待那么长的时间。于是她开始做志愿者接触医院的人，最终外科的员工也认识了作者，提前为她做了手术。作者认为尽管她欺骗了制度，但是她是以一种有益于社会的方式来做的这件事，是一笔公平的交易。因此推断A项“我如何得到我的新髋关节的”为最佳标题。故选A。,答案,解析,B (2018山东淄博一模) Recycling is essential in todays world.The most important reason for this is that human progress and industry
32、have made it possible for people to have lots of things，and when people have many material possessions，they are bound to throw some of them away.This creates a lot of garbage which in turn destroys the environment. Recycling is a way for us to keep the world clean as 8items are broken down and used
33、again，preventing the littering of the environment.Instead of throwing all your garbage into the trash can，,you should separate paper，metal，glass，and plastic into different containers.Compost should also be recycled as this is excellent food for farm animals and also makes for great fertilizer(肥料). Y
34、ou should try to buy products that have been recycled.You can see if an item has been made from recycled materials by its label; if its been recycled，it will say so.Also，instead of always buying new clothes，you can arrange to have a clothing 6swap with your friends.You bring clothes you dont want an
35、d pick items you want from what other people have brought.Not only does this save the environment，,but it also saves your pocketbook.Remember，what is one persons junk can be someone elses treasure! The saying can be applied to all sorts of things：books，CDs，furniture，etc.Also，try shopping at second-h
36、and stores，because they often have lots of items still in good shape for you to choose. Many countries have made it easy for people to recycle，as alongside the normal garbage trucks，special garbage trucks come and pick up recyclables.However，in many countries around the world the responsibility is l
37、eft up to the 4individual to recycle.Therefore，it must be made a priority(优先考虑的事) in society so we can continue to make our environment livable.,语篇解读,语篇解读 在当今世界，回收是必不可少的。本文作者主要就回收提供了几点建议并呼吁每个人都应该对回收负起责任。,5.Why is more waste being made in todays world? A.People dislike the updated items. B.People own
38、 abundant belongings. C.People intend to live a simple life. D.People have made great progress in industry.,解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，现在人们拥有丰富的物品。故选B。,答案,解析,6.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A.Exchanging clothes with friends. B.Shopping at second-hand stores. C.Throwing away
39、old clothes. D.Picking up new items.,解析 词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Also，instead of always buying new clothes，you can arrange to have a clothing swap with your friends.”可知，this指的是“和朋友交换衣服”。故选A。,答案,解析,7.To make the environment enjoyable，we should . A.always buy new clothes B.choose recyclable products C.go shopping
40、 at chain stores D.arrange more garbage trucks,解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“You should try to buy products that have been recycled.”可知，你应该试着去买那些已经被回收的产品。故选B。,答案,解析,8.What can we learn from the last paragraph? A.Governments do nothing in recycling. B.Normal vehicles can pick up recyclables. C.The individual sel
41、dom cares about recycling. D.Everyone should feel socially responsible for recycling.,解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，作者呼吁每个人都应该对回收负起责任。故选D。,答案,解析,素材提炼再拓展,做完以上两篇阅读后，巧妙运用语境，解决障碍词和长难句,.障碍词汇突破 (一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思 1.Will you expect to live along traditional lines：woman as homemaker and man as breadwinner？ _
42、2.He signed up as a flight attendant with Korean Air. _ 3.Nobody can casually succeed；it comes from the thorough self-control and the will. _,养家糊口的人,签约,随意地；随便地,4.At best they only care about their lives as individual cells，but they fail to assume responsibility for the health of the larger body. _ (
43、二)同义词语替换 5.If you drop something into the track，please contact the station staff. _ 6.I know a sculptor who swaps her pieces for drawings by a well-known artist. _,个人的，个体的,workers,exchanges,(三)一词多义 7.deal n.交易，买卖；协议；v.处理；对待；做生意 (1)They made a deal to sell the land to a property developer. _ (2)You s
44、hould deal with him more politely. _ (3)So how do we deal with these new challenges? _ (4)The cost was simply too high，so the deal fell through. _,协议,对待,处理,交易，买卖,8.item项目，条款；物品；一则消息 (1)He opened the cardboard box and took out each item. _ (2)We went on to the next item on the agenda. _ (3)There was
45、an item in the paper about him. _,物品,项目，条款,一则消息,.长难句理解 1.Ten months later，after some free X-rays，the surgeon told me I needed a surgery，which was about an 18-month wait，for some senior citizens had been on the operation list. 句式分析 本句话的主干部分为the surgeon told me I needed a surgery。I needed a surgery为省略
46、了that的 从句；which was about.为which引导的 从句；for表原因，前后构成并列句。 精美译文 _ _,宾语,非限制性定语,十个月以后，做了免费的X光片后，医生告诉我我需要手术需要等18个月，因为手术单子已列有很多老年人。,2.The most important reason for this is that human progress and industry have made it possible for people to have lots of things，and when people have many material possessions，they are bound to throw some of them away. 句式分析 本句话为并列句结构，第一个句子是 结构，表语为表语从句，从句中的it是 ，真正的宾语是 ；第二个句子也是复合句，其中when people have many material possessions为_从句。 精美译文 _ _,形式宾语,主系表,to have lots of things,时间,状语,这其中最重要的原因是人类的进步和工业使人们拥有很多东西成为可能，并且当人们拥有很多物质财富时，他们一定会扔掉一些。,
