1、Key Terms /Glossaryaction potential动作电位(115)active transport主动运输(108)axon轴突carrier protein载体蛋白 (102)channel protein通道蛋白(102)coupled transporter偶联转运蛋白(109)electrochemical gradient电化学梯度(103)ion channel离子通道ligandgated channel配体门通道(104)membrane potential膜电位membrane transport protein膜转运蛋白(101)Na+K+ pump(
2、110)Nernst equation能斯特方程nerve terminal神经末梢nuron神经元neurotransmitter神经递质osmosis渗透作用osmotic pressure渗透压passive transport被动运输patchclamp recording膜片钳记录stressactivated channel应力激活通道（ 104 ）synapses突触synaptic vesicles突触囊泡voltagegated channel电压门控通道voltagegated Na+ channel 电压门控 Na 通道Question 1:Explain in no m
3、ore than 100 wordshow an action potential is passedalong an axon.动作电位是怎么沿着轴突传递的动作电位传递到轴突 轴突前膜钙离子通道打开 钙离子进入后促发一系列生理生化反应 递质合成、储存囊泡前移，量子释放神经递质 与图粗后膜相应受体结合诱发轴突后膜终板电位 强度和时相的叠加，产生动作电位。Question 2:Which of the following statements are correct? Explain your answers.下面那个陈述是正确的，解释你的回答A. The plasma membrane is
4、highly impermeable to all charged molecules. 质膜对所有带电分子都是高度不渗透的 F（ 105）B. Channel proteins must first bind to solute molecules溶解分子 before they can select挑选 those that they allow to pass.通道蛋白在挑选他们允许通过的分子时要先结合这些溶解分子（103）FC. Without a continual input of energy, cells will burst.没有能量的持续输入，细胞将会涨破。F(111)D.
5、 Carrier proteins allow solutes to cross a membrane at much faster rates than do channel proteins.载体蛋白允许溶质通过膜的速度比通道蛋白快（102）FE. Certain某些 H+ pumps are fueled驱动 by light energy.光能TF. The plasma membrane of many animal cells contains open K+ channels, yet the K+ concentration in the cytosol细胞质基质 is muc
6、h higher than outside the cell. 许多动物细胞的质膜包含开放的K离子通道，K离子在基质中比在细胞外浓度高。F（ 104）G. A symport同向转运 would function as an antiport 反转运运if its orientation方向 in the membrane were reversed 颠倒(i.e., if the portion 部分of the molecule normally exposed to暴露 the cytosol细胞质基质 faced面向 the outside of the cell instead).H
7、. The membrane potential 膜电位of an axon temporarily临时的 becomes more negative负 when an action potential 动作电位excites刺激 it.TQuestion 3:List the following compounds化合物 in orderof increasing增大 membrane permeability通透性:Ca2+, RNA, glucose葡萄糖, ethanol乙醇, water , N2.Question 4:Name the three ways in which ani
8、on channel 离子通道 can be gated 门控.(103)Question 5:Amino acids 氨基酸are taken up by animal cells using symport同向转运 in the plasma membrane质膜. What is the most likely ion whose electrochemical gradient 电化学梯度drives the import? Is ATP consumed 消耗in the process在这个过程中? If so, how?Question 6:The ion channels th
9、at are regulated管制 by binding ofNeurotransmitters神经传导物质, such as acetylcholine乙酰胆碱, glutamate, GABA, or glycine甘氨酸, have a similar overall全structure. Yet, each class of these channels consists of a very diverse不同的 set of subtypes图表类型 with different ligand 配体affinities亲缘关系, different channel conductances, and different rates of opening and closing. Do you suppose that such extreme diversity极端的差异 is a good or a bad thing from the standpoint 立场，观点of the pharmaceutical industry药物工业?
