1、动词的分类,时态和语态的主要考点 1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时态为：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进 行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成进行、过去将来等。2、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态；主从句时态呼应问题。3、几种时态的替代问题.,近三年动词的语态和时态在全国各地高考中的复现率,1 一般现在时的用法 1） 经常性或习惯性的动作 1. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year.A .will play B. have played C. play
2、ed D. play 2.-_my glasses ? -Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago. Do you see B. Had you seen C. would you see D. Have you seen,1 一般现在时的用法 2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或表示格言或警句。Knowledge begins with practice. She said that the sea water is salty.In some parts of the world, such as in England , tea _ with mi
3、lk and sugar. is serving B. serves C. is served D. served,1 一般现在时的用法3）按火车、汽车、飞机等时刻表将要发生的事。此时句中有时有将来的时间状语，但不用将来时。此时主语是物：车，船，飞机等.The train leaves at three this afternoon.4）在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。If it is fine tomorrow ,we will go to the countryside. -Put these glasses away before they _.-OK.
4、Ill put them in the cupboard.A. have broken B. are breaking C. get broken D. will be broken,Ive brought my tennis things in case we _ time for a game tomorrow.A. shall have B. have C. will have D. are going to have -Can I drive on the free way, Mr. Green?-You can when you _ a bit more skilled.A. wil
5、l get B. are getting C. will have got D. get,2 一般过去时的用法 1）表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态。 1.-Look! Someone has spilt （溢出）coffee on the carpet.（地毯）-Well , it _ me.A. isnt B. wasnt C. hasnt been D. hadnt been 2.-Ive bought a box of chocolates for our daughter.-Oh, how good a dad! But she doesnt like sweet thin
6、gs. _ that?A. Dont you know B. Havent you known C. Didnt you know D. Hadnt you known 3.-Was Mary in the office when you arrived there?-Yes , but she _soon afterwards.A. had left B. left C. would leave D. will leave,2 一般过去时的用法 2）注意：一般过去时与过去进行时的区别：一般过去时表示一个完成的动作，而过去进行时则表示一个没有完成且正在进行的动作。I wrote a lette
7、r this morning. 今天上午我写了一封信。（信已写完） I was writing a letter this morning. 今天上午我在写一封信。（正在写，不一定写完）,1.-Has Tommy finished his job yet?-I have no idea of it ; he _ it this morning.A. was doing B. had been doing C. has done D. did2.As she _ the newspaper, Granny _asleep.A . read, was falling B. was reading
8、,fell C. was reading, was falling D. read ,fell3.All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness_.A. has grown B. is growing C. was growing D. had grown4.-Im sorry , I shouldnt have been so rude to you.-You _ your temper but thats OK.A. have lost B. had lost C. did
9、lose D. were losing.,3. 一般将来时,1 .一般将来时表示计划、打算、企图做某事或来注定要发生的事情。2 .表示将来时的四种形式will /shall +动词原形 be going to do be about to do(正要干什么) be to do, be going to 有很强的计划性，打算干什么，而will表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性。 1. -The telephone is ringing.-I _ answer it.A. will B. am going to C. am to D. am about to 2. -Alice, why
10、 didnt you come yesterday?-I _, but I had an unexpected visitor.A. had B. would C. was going to D. did be going to 可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而will 不能表示.Look at the clouds! Its going to rain.,3. be to和be going to 表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发生的动作, be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事.be going to do 安排将要干什么，有很强的计划性,表示主观的打算或计划。 I am to pl
11、ay football tomorrow afternoon. Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.,4be about to do 表示“正要干什么”，表示即将发生的动作，不与表示将来的时间状语连用。常与when 连用，when 此时意思： 就在这时，是并列连词构成句型： be about to do when.I was about to leave when it rained.,特别注意（1）一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机等时刻表中安排好的。The plane leaves tomorrow.(尽管有tomorrow, 但
12、没有will ,be going to )（2）某些瞬间动词“go, come, arrive ,leave ,start, begin, fly, take ”等用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。Ive won a holiday for two to Florid. I _my mum.A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have been,4. 现在进行时,1表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。 2表示现阶段一直在进行的动作 ，但说话时不一定正在进行。 I dont really work here. Im helping until
13、 the new secretary comes. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_ so rapidly. A. will have changed B. has changed C. is changing D. will change,3. Please call again. Jim _ a bath just now.A. has had B. was having C. is having D. has 4.My money _. I must go to th
14、e bank to draw some of my savings out of before Ive none in hand.A. has run out B. is running out C. has been run out D. is being run out 5.I can guess you were in a hurry. You _ your sweater inside out.A. had worn B. wore C. are wearing D. were wearing,特殊用性： 现在进行时可以表示一般将来时，常用于下列动词：go ,come, leave,
15、begin, arrive ,return, fly, drive，take等。Were moving to the new building next week.现在进行时与always, continually , constantly, never 等连用，表示厌恶或赞扬的感情色彩。You are always forgetting the important things.,1.You _things about . Look, what a mess in your room! A. always throw B. have always thrown C. are always t
16、hrowing D. have always been thrown2.You _ television. Why not do something more active?A. always watch B. are always watchingC. have always watched D. have always been watching,3有些表示“存在、所有、知觉、认识、感情”等动词不用于进行时态。 存在： keep ,stay , remain , be, consist of , contain 所有： have ,belong to , possess, own , ho
17、ld 知觉： sound(听起来)， look /seem /appear (看起来)，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝起来）,feel (摸起来) ， see , hear , 认识： understand, know, suppose, remember, admit, forget, believe, think 情感：like, love, hate , prefer,5.过去进行时,1表示 过去某一时间正进行的动作 。通常有时间状语（从句），或由上下文表示。1.-Hey ,look where you are going?-Oh, Im terribly sorry ._.A.
18、 Im not noticing B. I dont noticingC. I havent noticing D.I wasnt noticing2.-Hey ,what did I say?-I _. Im not listening B. I was not listening C. I dont listened D. I didnt listen,2 表示 过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作，但这个动作可以完，也可以不一定完成。 -Why didnt you join us last night?-I _ the live programs on the war between Iraq
19、and the States.A. watched B. was watching C. had watched D. have been watching -Why werent you at the meeting?-I _ for a long distance call from my father in Australia. A. waited B. was waiting C. had waited D. have been Good heavens ! There you are ! We _ anxious about you . We _ you back much earl
20、ier all through the night. A. are , expect B. were, had expected C. will be ,are expecting D. have been ,were expecting,3 在简单句中有at that time, then , this time yesterday / last week, at 10 oclock last night 等具体的时间状语用过去进行时态。 I first met Lisa three years ago . She _ at a radio shop at the time. has wor
21、ked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked 特别注意： 与always连用，表示感情色彩。 My brother was always losing his key.,6. 现在完成时,1表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果， 有时没有时间状语，有时有时间状语。 They have cleaned the classroom.(They cleaned the classroom and the classroom is clean now.) 2 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在而且可能继续下去的动作状态。 He hasnt
22、given me any more trouble since then.,-When did he go to America?-Oh, he _ there since half a year ago.A. went B. has been C. has gone D. was Shelly _ California for Texas and _ there ever since. You can go and pay her a visit on your way to Mexico.A. left, worked B. has left, had worked C. left, ha
23、s worked D. has left , worked Collecting stamps as a hobby _ increasingly popular during the past fifty years. A. becomes B. became C. has become D. had become -How are you today? -Oh , I _ as ill as I do now for a very long time.A. didnt feel B. wasnt feeling C. dont feel D. havent felt,7.过去完成时,1.表
24、示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。 请记住： by the end of +过去时间 be the time +从句（用一般过去时） 引导的句子或主句用过去完成时） The film had already begun when I got there. They had left before I returned. We had finished the work by last month( by the time he came.),2. 表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一个时间的动作或状态。I had been at the bus stop fo
25、r 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 3. 用于hardly when ;no sooner than （一.就）等句子中。 Hardly had we arrived when she started complaining.4.hope ,think expect ,intend ,mean ,suppose ,want ,imagine等，用于过去完成时，表示过去未实现的希望或意图。I had hoped my son would become a doctor, but he wasnt good enough at science. I had
26、hoped to take a good holiday this year, but I wasnt able to get away.,5. It is the first time +从句（从句用现在完成时）It was the first time +从句（用过去完成时）It is the first time that Ive been here.It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.6. 用于对过去假设的虚拟语气中的从句。If I had known your telephone num
27、ber yesterday, I would have telephoned you .,8.现在完成进行时,构成：have /has been doing 表示过去某一动作状态一直持续到现在，也可能将持续下去。-Isnt it hard to drive downtown to work?-Yes, that why I _ to work by train. A. have been going B. have gone C. was going D. will have gone,9.将来完成时： will / shall +have done 表示将来某一时间之前完成的动作，常与表示将
28、来时间的状语连用，如：by the end of+将来时间的短语,by the time +从句（从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时），这时句子或主句应用将来完成时We will have finished the work by the time he comes back. 10.一般将来进行时; will be doing / shall be doing 表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作 What will you be doing this time tomorrow?,1、现在时态 高考题点击： Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across
29、 this open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we met no storms. （05辽宁卷）Awas called Bis called Chad been called Dhas been called2. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to playsince the new year. (2001 N)A. will play B. have played C. played D. play,B,D,说明：本题的干扰源为上下文的过去时，但“被称为太平洋”是客观现状，只能用一般现在时。
30、,说明：常识告诉我们，一个人一旦获得某种技能，一般是不会在短期内失去的，所以需用一般现在时。,3. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing.People _ to ask how I am going to spend the money. （05湖南卷）A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning 4. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technol
31、ogy _ so rapidly. (2001 N)A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change,说明：自从我赢了大奖，人们不停地打电话来问我将怎样使用这笔钱。此处的 are phoning 表示“不停的打电话”。,说明：选择移动电话难的原因是由于科技正在飞速发展，所以要用现在进行时；况且进行时态常给人一种情感上的描述，表示说话者的一种“感慨、赞赏、愤怒、斥责”等。,D,A,5. _ my sister three times today but her line was always busy. （05北京
32、春季）A. Id phoned B. Ive been phoning C. Ive phoned D. I was phoning 6. - You havent been to Beijing, have you?- _. How I wish to go there! (98 N)A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I havent C. No, I have D. No, I havent,说明：此题的干扰源是后面的 was busy。今天打了三次电话是用来表示结果的，只能用现在完成时；而每次她都占线是表示过去的动作，所以用一般过去时。,说明：从补充的句子 “How I wi
33、sh to go there!”可知“我”没到过北京。,C,D,7. - Hi, Tracy, you look tired.- I am tired. I _ the living room all day. (98 N)A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted8. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy_ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. （04北京）A had considered B has been con
34、sidering C considered D is going to consider,说明：这句话的意思是“我一整天都在刷起居室”，现在完成进行时表示从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在，而且还在进行当中。强调的是“一直在做”。,C,B,说明：她“一直在考虑返校”是现在完成进行时，“还没作决定”是现在的结果。,用于现在完成时的句型 1）It is the first / second time. that结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that
35、the boy had been late.注意比较 Its time that 结构：It is high time that we went to school. 2）This is the that结构，that 从句要用现在完成时. This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。,典型例题 (1) - Do you know our town at all? - No, this is the fi
36、rst time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming (2) - Have you _ been to our town before? - No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。 （错）I have received his letter for a month. （对）I hav
37、ent received his letter for almost a month.,B,D,2、过去时 高考题点击： 1. - Nancy is not coming tonight.- But she _! (98 N)A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised2. My uncle _ until he was forty-five. (2000 上海)A. married B. didnt marry C. was not marrying D. would marry,说明：Nancy 答应要来这个动作应该发生在过
38、去，是过去作出的承诺。,说明：until 用在肯定句中时，主句的动词必须是延续性动词，表示该动作一直持续到 until 后的时间为止；短暂性动词只能用在否定句中，表示直到此时该动作才开始。本题中 marry 是短暂性动词，所以只能用在否定句中。,B,B,3. - You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Doyou like it? (N2002)- Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainlythink its pretty on you.A. wasnt saying B. d
39、ont say C. wont say D. didnt say,说明：本题的干扰源来自上下文中的时态，上文用的是现在完成时，下文用的是一般现在时，所以有些人就误以为此处该用现在时态了。但根据说话人的意思不难发现，没有说出自己的评价是在这段对话以前的事了，所以要用一般过去时。,D,4. As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. (95 N)A. read was falling B. was reading fellC. was reading was falling D. read fell5. The manager had fallen aslee
40、p where he _, without undressing. （05安徽卷）A. was laying B. was lying C. had laid D. had lied,说明：一般来说在复合句中的两个动作，延续性的动作大都用进行时，短暂性的动词用一般时，表示在某个动作进行的过程当中另一个动作发生了。,说明：该题的意思为“经理躺在那儿睡着了，衣服也没脱”。“躺”是一个不及物动词，其过去式和过去分词为“lay; lain”。lay 是及物动词，过去式和过去分词为 laid；lied 是“说谎”的过去式和过去分词。,B,B,6. The little girl _ her heart
41、out because she _ her toybear and believed she wasnt ever going to find it. (02 北京)A. had cried, lost B. cried, had lost C. has cried, has lost D. cries, has lost7. Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at theschool gate. Oh! I thought they _ without me. (05江西卷)Awent Bare going Chave gone Dhad
42、 gone,说明：哭得伤心发生在过去，而丢玩具熊发生在哭之前。两个发生在过去的动作，之前发生的用过去完成时，之后发生的用一般过去时。,说明：“他没叫我就走了”这个动作明显发生在“我认为”之前。所以必须用过去完成时。,B,D,3、将来时 高考题点击： 1. If a man _ succeed, he must work as hard as he can. (95 上海)A. will B. is to C. is going to D. should2. - Youve left the light on.- Oh, so I have. _ and turn it off. (2000 N
43、)A. Ill go B. Ive gone C. I go D. Im going,说明：此句的意思为“如果一个人想要成功，就必须尽力而为”。If 引导的是条件状语从句用现在时代替将来时。而 be to do用于条件句中可以表示：“想要”相当于want to,说明：will do 常用来表示临时性的决定。,B,A,3. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _for London to attend a meeting. (05天津卷) A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left 4. We were
44、 all surprised when he made it clear that he _ office soon. (93 N)A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left,说明：that 引导的宾语从句中的动作“离职”应该发生在“were surprised” 之后，故需用过去将来时。,C,B,说明：by the time 表示“到为止”“在之前”，如果主句的动作发生在过去，一般需要用过去完成时；如果是将来，就需用将来完成时。,4、状语从句中的时态问题 高考题点击： 1. - Can I join the club, Dad?- You can
45、 when you _ a bit older. (94 N)A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have got2. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered ifthey _. (2001上海)A. have survived B. are to survive C. would survive D. will survive,说明：时间状语从句中没有将来时，需用一般现在时替代一般将来时。,说明：条件状语从句中不用将来时，但 be to 结构此时表示 想要做,A,B,3.
46、 He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _ from the university next year. (2002上海)A. will graduate B. will have graduated C. graduates D. is to graduate4. It _ long before we _ the result of the experiment. (2002上海春季)A. will not be, will know B. is, will knowC. will not be, know D. is, know,说明：by the time 引导的是时间状语从句，故不能使用将来时。D选项虽可考虑，但 be to 结构大多用来表示“义务、决定、职责、约定”等，与句意不合。,说明：before 引导的是时间状语从句，无将来时，而主句应该用将来时。,C,C,三、 时态特殊句式,动词的时态,二、易混时态辨析,一、热点时态,综合练习,1.The year 2002 _ remarkable changes in Shanghais landscape. (see),saw,时间状语,呀，不知道你在这儿！以为你在美国！,
