1、第七讲,动词的时态和语态,动词的时态一、动词的基本形式,形式原形第三人称,变化规则一般情况以 ch, sh, s, x 结尾,构成方法加-s加-es,例词see, finish, teachlooklooks,writewritesteachteaches, finishfinishes,guessguesses, mixmixes,单数形式 以 o 结尾,加-es,dodoes, gogoes,以“辅音字母y”结尾,变 y 为 i,加-es trytries, crycries,续表,二、常用的 10 种动词时态的构成及其常用时间状语一览表,三、注意以下几种时态的区别1一般过去时和现在完成时
2、,(1)一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态,常与表过去,的时间状语连用,即仅谈过去,不关现在。如:,I went to swim yesterday.昨天我去游泳了。,(2)现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或状态对现在造成的影响,与现在有联系,可能刚结束,也可能继续下去。不能与表过去的时间状语连用,译成汉语时可加“已经”。如:,I have spent all of my money, so I have no money to buy a,ticket.我已经花掉了所有的钱,所以我没钱买票了。,2一般过去时和过去进行时,(1)一般过去时侧重于说明发生某动作的事实。如:It rained hea
3、vily last night.昨晚雨下的很大。,(2)过去进行时侧重于强调在过去某个特定时间某动作的持,续过程或表示动作正在进行。如:,It was raining cats and dogs last night. 昨晚一直在下倾盆大雨。,3现在完成时和现在完成进行时,(1)现在完成时在含义上着重表示动作的结果。如:I have read that book.我已经读了那本书。,(2)现在完成进行时着重表示动作一直在进行,即动作的延,续性。如:,I have been reading that book all the morning. 今天早上我一直在读那本书。,动词的语态,一、概念,动
4、词的语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如:,全世界的人都在讲英语。,People speak English all over the world.(主动语态)English is spoken all over the world.(被动语态),二、动词的被动语态构成(以 ask 为例),注意:,1被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加,not;,2短语动词的被动语态不可漏掉其中的介、副词;,3固定结构 be going to, used to, have to, had better 变为被动,语态时,只需将其后的动词变
5、为被动语态。,4 It is said/believed/supposed/reported that., It is generallyconsidered that., It is well-known that. 等 , 及 It must beadmitted/pointed out that.等结构中的动词常以被动形式出现。,5以下主动形式常表被动意义:,The bike needs/wants/requires repairing.这辆自行车需要修理。,The film is worth seeing.这部电影值得看。The door wont shut/open.这门不能关/开。
6、The play wont act.这部戏不能演。,The clothes wash well.这件衣服很好洗。The book sells well.这本书很畅销。,The dish tastes delicious.这道菜尝起来很美味。,6以下单词或短语没有被动语态:happen, appear, become,last, cost, occur, lack, fit, mean, join, equal, fail, enter, have, contain,belong to, take place, break out, come about, consist of, lose heart,keep up with 等。,