1、Grammar,Inversion,基本语序natural order,subject 主+ predicate 谓+object 宾,I love English.,倒装 Inversions 把谓语动词放在主语之前,叫倒装结构。 如果全部谓语放在主语之前, 叫全部倒装; 如果只把助动词或be 动词或情态动词等放在主语之前，叫部分倒装。 Here comes my mother. (全倒) Never will Zhou Yang forget.（半倒）,原句自然顺序是： Many students are there in the classroom.,全部倒装,1.用于 there be
2、 句型。 There are many students in the classroom.,其中be动词有时可用exist, live, stand, lie, seem, appear, remain, happen 等词代替。,There happened an accident on our way back home yesterday.,. 用于“here (there, now, then) + 不及物动词 + 主语的句型中, 或以out, in, up, down, away 等副词开头的句子里面,表示强调。Here comes the bus. There goes the
3、bell.Now comes our turn. Out went the children.,名词,注意：,代词作主语时, 主谓语序不变。,Here you are ! Out they went.,3. 当句首状语是表示地点的介词词组时,也常引起全部倒装。,From the valley came a frightening sound. Under the tree stands a little boy.,4.直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时，有时用倒装。 “Whats up, Tom?” asked Mother.“The car is mine,” said Tom. 注意： 主语
4、是代词时，不倒装。 “The car is mine,” he said.,5. Such与be连用作表语时，也常用倒装语序。 意为“就是如此” 1）Such was not his intention. 他的意图并非如此。 2）Such are the facts. 事实就是如此。,6.主语太长，谓语太短，为了平衡句子结构的需要,将表语提前。 Gone are the days when we are enslaved(奴役). The days when we are enslaved are gone.主语 谓语,. only+状语(副词、介词短语或从句)Only in this way
5、 can you learn English well.,部分倒装,. 用于 never, hardly, seldom, little, at no time, not only, rarely, little, not a bit 等否定词开头的句子里。Never shall I do this again.,1. You will see so many seats only at a stadium in Beijing. Only at a stadium in Beijing will you see so many seats. 2. He only then became aw
6、are (意识到) of the dangers of the jungle. Only then did he become aware of the dangers of the jungle. 3. You will be able to write a good report only after you have acquired the information you need. (Only) Only after you have acquired the information you need will you be able to write .,4. I have sel
7、dom seen a situation (情况) which made me so angry. (Seldom) Seldom have I seen a situation (情况) which made me so angry. 5. He gave a lot of presents to his friends, but he has never given one to me. (Never) He gave a lot of presents to his friends, but never has he given one to me. 6. We little reali
8、zed the dangers that were awaiting us. 改 Little did we realize the dangers that were awaiting us.,7. She is not only good at languages, but also at history and geography. (Not only)Not only is she good at languages, but also at history and geography. 8. They not only took care of me, but (they) also
9、 treated me as if I were their own daughter.Not only did they take care of me, but (they) alsotreated me as if I were daughter.,3.用于疑问句。（部分倒装）Do you want to have a second try? 注意：疑问词作主语或修饰主语时，主谓不颠倒。 1） Who can work it out? 2） How many students have read this book?,4. 用于no sooner than, hardly when 和
10、not until的句型中。No sooner had she gone out than the class began. Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework.Hardly had I reached the station when the train left.,13. He wont go to bed until she returns home. (Not until)Not until she returns home will he go to bed.14. I had no sooner entered
11、 home than the bell rang. (No sooner)No sooner had I entered home than the bell rang.15. I had hardly entered home when the bell rang. (Hardly)Hardly had I entered home when the bell rang,5. 用于 so, nor, neither 开头的句子,表示重复的内容。此句谓语应与前句谓语的时态形式一致。 Jack can not answer the question. Neither (Nor)can I. He
12、 has been to Beijing._ So have I.So he has,我也去过。 是的，他确实去过。,Such an interesting book is it that John has read it twice.,6. 在 so / such that 的结构中,若so/such 置于句首,则句子部分倒装. ) It is such an interesting book that John has read it twice. 2.) It is so interesting a book that John has read it twice.,So interes
13、ting a book is it that John has read it twice.,10. I was so scared that I could not even scream. So scared was I that I could not even scream. 11. We have so much work to do that we have no time to relax. (So much work)So much work do we have to do that we have no time to relax. 12. His price was so
14、 unreasonable that everybody was surprised. (So unreasonable)So unreasonable was his price that everybody was surprised.,7. 用于“形容词(或名词、动词) as (though)” 引导的让步状语从句。意为“尽管”Pretty as she is, she is not clever.Try as he would, he might fail again. Much as I love it, I will not buy it. Child though he was,
15、 he could do housework for his mother.,19. Though she is pretty, she is not clever. (Pretty as)Pretty as she is, she is not clever. 20. Though his idea might sound strange, it was accepted by the people at the meeting. (Strange as)Strange as his idea might sound, it was accepted by the people at the
16、 meeting.,注意,形容词，名词，副词，动词置于句首,8. 用于省略if 的虚拟条件句(had,should,were) If you had reviewed your lessons, you might have passed the examinationHad you reviewed your lessons, you might have passed the examination.,.用于 某些祝愿的句子。May you succeed.,虚拟语气(Subjunctive mood) 概念:一种表示愿望，建议，假设的语气，用来表示说的话不是事实，或者可能性很小的情况。,
17、虚拟语气动词形式对应,动词过去式（be的过去式一般用were）,would should + 动词原形 could might,had +过去分词,would should +have+过去分词 could might,1.动词过去式 2.should +动词原形 3.were to动词原形,would should +动词原形 could might,1.If he hadnt created the monster, his wife wouldnt have died. （与过去事实相反） 2.If I had one million now, I would donate it to
18、poor people.（与现实相反） 3.If it should be fine tomorrow, I would go to climb the mountain. （与将来事实相反，或发生的可能性极小）,if引导的条件句的虚拟语气：,省略if的条件句需符合的条件： 条件句的谓语动词有系动词were, 助动词had或should，可将if省略，而把were，had，should移到主语前。,if 条件句的省略和倒装,1.Were I you, I would try it again. (与现实相反) 2. Had he been there yesterday, he would h
19、ave seen the film.（与过去事实相反） 3. Should it snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out. （与将来事实相反，或将来发生的可能性极小）,请看下例：,if 条件句的倒装 if 溜，had, should, were句首走。,9. 频度副词often, many a time, always, once, every two hours等开头的句子。(部分倒装) 1)Often did I remind him not to do that. 2)Many a time has he made the same mistake.,1. -D
20、o you know Jim quarreled with his brother?-I dont know, _.A. nor dont I care B. nor do I careC. I dont care neither D. I dont care also,配套练习,. Multiple choices.,2. Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was.A. did the villagers realizeB. the villagers realizedC. the vil
21、lagers did realizedD. didnt the villagers realized,3. Only in this way _ do it well.A. must we B. we could C. can we D. we can4. Hardly _ when it began to rain.A. had he arrived B. arrived heC. he had arrived D. did he arrive,5. Only when class began _ that he had left his book at home. A. will real
22、ize B. he did realize C. did he realize D. should he realize 6. Not a single mistake _ in the dictation yesterday. A. did he make B. made by him C. he made D. he had made,7. No sooner _ his talk than he _ by the workers.A. he finished; surrounded allB. did he finish; did surroundC. had he finished;
23、was surroundedD. after he finished; was surrounded near,8. Little _ know about verbs, Franz _ his head.A. did he; dare not liftB. he; dare not liftC. did he; dare not to liftD. doesnt; doesnt dare lift,9. I finally got the job. Never in all life_ so happy.A. did I feel B. I feltC. I had felt D. had
24、I felt,10. In no country _ Britain, it has been said, _ experience four seasons in the course of a single day. A. other than; one can B. other than; can one C. rather than; one can D. rather than; can one,把下列句子改为倒装。,1. I have never seen him before._ I seen him. 2. she had hardly gone out when a stud
25、ent came to see her._ when a student came to see her.,Never before have,Hardly had she gone out,3. I didnt go there. he didnt go there either.I didnt go there, _ _.,neither/ nor did he,4. A terrible Genie(妖怪) stood before the fisherman.Before the fisherman _ _.,stood a,terrible Genie,5. people seldo
26、m did experiment to test their ideas._ to test their ideas.,Seldom did people do experiment,6. You can learn English well only in this way._ you learn English well.,Only in this way can,7. Lu Xun was not only a great writer, but also a great thinker._ a great writer, but also a great thinker.,Not on
27、ly was Lu Xun,8. It didnt stop raining until midnight._ it stop raining.,Not until midnight did,教堂附近有一间破旧的小屋。Near the church was a ruined cottage. 2. 他一点也不知道, 警察就要逮捕他了。Little does he know that the police are about to arrest him.,用倒装句翻译下列句子。,3. 如果我了解你的意图我就不会浪费时间向你解释了。Had I realized what you intended
28、I should not have wasted my time trying to explain matters to you. 4. 那记号很小, 我几乎看不到。So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.,参加会议有来自全国各地政府官员、商人、企业家。Attending the meeting were government officials, businessmen and bankers from different parts of the country.,6. 无论什么情况下我们都不要放弃计划。Under no circumstance can we give up the plan.,
