1、Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Part Four,Language Study,ENTER,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study Phrases and Expressions Word BuildingGrammar,Language Study,Contents,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,Word list:,arrange constant construct cultivate decline dump eliminate empty enduri
2、ng,19. patch 20. pursue 21. remove 22. survive 23. tend 24. trial 25. warder 26. wither,eventuallyfailureintellectualissuelegalmanualnourishofferorganize,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,1. arrange,v. to plan or make preparations for; to organizeExamples:Im trying to arrange my work so
3、that I can have a couple of days off next week.They arranged to have dinner the following month.Ive already arranged with him to meet at the cinema.,B,T,L,E,W,To be continued on the next page.,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,a. arrangedan arranged marriage n. arrangementExamples:They have made a
4、ll the arrangements for a huge party.Arrangements were made to move the prisoners to another jail.,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,2. constant,a. staying the same; not getting less or worseExamples:The fridge keeps food at a constant temperature.Hes in constant trouble with the police.
5、They make constant use of their computers.,B,T,L,E,W,To be continued on the next page.,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,n. constancy ad. constantlyFill in the following blanks with the appropriate form:She has the television on _.The _of your love for football amazes me.,constantlyconstancy,B,T,L
6、,E,W,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,3. construct,v. to build; to put together different parts to form a wholeExamples:The company has won the contract to construct the new bridge.The crow constructs its nest out of sticks. You can also construct a story, a sentence, an argument or a theory.,B,T
7、,L,E,W,To be continued on the next page.,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,n. construction/constructor a. constructive ad. constructivelyExamples:She works in the construction industry.She criticized my writing but in a way that was very constructiveI learned a lot form her.,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson 7 Man
8、delas Garden,Word Study,4. cultivate,v. to prepare (land) and grow crops on it, or to grow (a particular crop),Example: Most of the land there is too poor to cultivate. to cultivate a friendship/relationship/contact,to make a special effort to establish,B,T,L,E,W,To be continued on the next page.,Le
9、sson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,a. cultivated cultivated fields/soil a cultivated person: a person having a good education and knowing a lot and liking art, music and painting n. cultivation a. cultivable, cultivatable,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,v. to go, often slowly, from a hi
10、gher or better position to a lower or worse oneExamples:His interest in the project declined after his wife died.The partys popularity has declined in the opinion polls.They declined to tell me how they had got my address.,5. decline,to refuse,B,T,L,E,W,To be continued on the next page.,Lesson 7 Man
11、delas Garden,Word Study,Differentiation incline decline recline,n. decline Examples: We are pleased by the decline in the number of unemployed. She seemed to be recovering and then she went into a decline. Home cooking seems to be on the/in decline.,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,6. d
12、ump,n. a place where people are allowed to leave their rubbish (also a rubbish dump)Examples:Im going to clear out the shed tomorrow and take everything I dont want to the dump.His room is a dump.,B,T,L,E,W,To be continued on the next page.,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,v. dump to put down or
13、drop something in a careless way; to get rid ofExamples: He came in with four shopping bags and dumped them on the table. Several old cars had been dumped near the beach.,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,v. to remove or take awayExamples:We eliminated the possibility that it could have
14、been an accident because it was so well-timed.He was eliminated after/in the third round of the competition.n. elimination elimination of disease/pain,7. eliminate,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,8. empty,a. with nothing inside,Examples: The village is far from empty of people who woul
15、d be willing to help with the appeal. Ive never imagined someones life could be so empty of happiness. n. emptiness,B,T,L,E,W,To be continued on the next page.,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,Please translate the following sentences. You should not go to work on an empty stomach. The unions lead
16、ers have promised their members that they will not return from the wage negotiations empty-handed. Thats probably the most empty-headed idea Ive ever heard you come up with.,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,9. enduring,a. continuing in existence; lasting for a long time Examples:endurin
17、g memoriesThis type of music has an enduring appeal.v. endure to experience and bear (sth. painful or unpleasant) calmly for a long time,Synonyms,bear stand tolerate put up with,B,T,L,E,W,To be continued on the next page.,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,v. endure,Examples: We had to endure a nin
18、e-hour delay at the airport. The little boy found it difficult to endure spending his summer holidays with his uncle. n. endurance a. endurable,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,10. eventually,ad. in the end; at last,Examples: Although she had been ill for a long time, it still came as a
19、 shock when she eventually died. Dont worry, hell do it eventually, but he might take a long time to get round to it.,B,T,L,E,W,To be continued on the next page.,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,a. eventual: happening or existing at a later time or at the end,Examples: Although the original budge
20、t for the project was $1 billion, the eventual cost is likely to be 50% higher. There are still many problems to be resolved, but we remain optimistic about an eventual agreement.,B,T,L,E,W,To be continued on the next page.,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,a. eventful: full of interesting or exci
21、ting eventsExamples: We had quite an eventful journeythe police stopped us twice.n. eventuality: something unpleasant or unexpected that might happen or exist in the future Im looking for a travel insurance policy that will cover me for any eventuality.,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,
22、11. failure,n. a. lack of success in doing or achieving sth. b. a person, an attempt or a thing that fails c. not doing sth. or forgetting to do sth.Examples: The whole project was doomed to failure right from the start. The meeting was a utter failure. His failure to return her phone call told her
23、that something was wrong.,B,T,L,E,W,To be continued on the next page.,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,failure,v. faila. failed a failed marriage,Examples: The two sides in the negotiations have failed to come to an agreement. The reluctance of either side to compromise means that the talks are d
24、oomed to fail. He promised to help, but he failed to arrive on time. (not do sth. that one should),B,T,L,E,W,To be continued on the next page.,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,v. & n. fail: not pass,Examples: He failed in chemistry. A lot of people failed their driving test the first time. The ex
25、aminers failed him because he hadnt answered enough questions. He got three passes and four fails in his exams.,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,12. intellectual,a. of or connected with a persons powers of reasoning n. intellect: the ability to think intelligently Examples:intellectual
26、propertyI like detective stories and romances nothing too intellectual. intellectual: n. a highly educated person whose interests are studying and other activities involve careful thinking and mental effort,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,13. issue,n. a subject or problem which people
27、are thinking and talking about Examples:environmental/scientific/ethical/person issuesThe group had prepared a report on the issues of management and staff training.,B,T,L,E,W,To be continued on the next page.,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,Idiomatic Expressions: not make an issue of sth.: not
28、try to make it seem more important than it should be I dont want to make an issue of your lateness, but I would like you to try to improve. take issue with sb./sth.: to disagree with strongly I took issue with him over his interpretation of the instructions.,B,T,L,E,W,To be continued on the next pag
29、e.,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,issue,v. to produce or provide (sth. officially)Examples: The office will be issuing permits on Tuesday and Thursday mornings. A terrible scream issued from the room.n. issuance (U),B,T,L,E,W,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,14. legal,a. connected with or al
30、lowed by law,Examples: legal advice/a legal obligation/legal status/legal proceedings/the legal system ad. legally n. legality v. legalize,Antonym,illegal,Related words legitimate legislate,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,a. done with the handsmanual labor/work: work involved physical
31、work rather than mental workExamples: Computer-controlled robots are taking over manual jobs in many industries. 750 manual workers will lose their jobs as a result of company cutbacks.,15. manual,manuscript,the original copy of a book or article before it is printed,B,T,L,E,W,To be continued on the
32、 next page.,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,n. a book which gives you practical instructions on how to do sth. or how to use sth., such as a machineExample: He learned how to mend a leaking pipe by reading a DIY manual.ad. manually,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,16. nourish,v. to
33、provide with food in order to make them grow and keep them healthy,Examples:Children need plenty of good fresh food to nourish them.After an illness, nourish yourself on/with healthy soups. a. well-nourished a. nourishing n. nourishment,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,17. offer,v. a. t
34、o ask sb. if they would like to haveb. to provide or supplyn. offer,Examples:Theyre offering the first three runners money prizes.My father has very kindly offered to take us to the airport.Its an organization that offers free legal advice to people on low incomes.,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden
35、,Word Study,18. organize,v. a. to make arrangements for sth. to happenb. to do or arrange sth. according to aparticular system,Examples:She has organized a car to meet me at the airport. The books were organized on the shelves according to their size. n. organization/organizer or organiser a. organi
36、zed a. organizational organizational ability,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,19. patch,n. a small area which is different in some way from the area that surrounds it,Examples:There were lots of icy patches on the road this morning. to go through a bad/difficult/rough/sticky patch: to e
37、xperience a temporarily difficult situationHes going through a bit of a rough patch at the moment. a. patchy,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,20. pursue,v. a. to follow or search for in order to catchor kill b. to try to achieve,Examples: The hunters spent hours pursuing their prey. He
38、was killed by the driver of a stolen car who was being hotly pursued by the police. She is ruthless in pursuing her goals/aims.,B,T,L,E,W,To be continued on the next page.,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,n. pursuer/pursuitExamples: The robbers fled the scene of the crime, with the police in purs
39、uit after them. n. pursuance In pursuance of his aims, he has decided to stand for parliament.,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,21. remove,v. to take sth. away from a placeExamples: This detergent will remove all stains from your clothes. a. removable n. removal (U) the removal of a tyr
40、ant from power,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson 7 - Mandelas Garden,Word Study,22. survive,v. to continue to live or existExamples: Animals that have been reared in captivity can find it difficult to survive in the wild. Theyre struggling to survive on very little money. They were lucky to survive the accident.,B,T
41、,L,E,W,To be continued on the next page.,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,a. survivable/surviving (before a noun) n. survival/survivorExamples: Her chances of survival as prime minister now look slim. He was the sole survivor of the plane crash.,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,23. t
42、end,v. to care for (sth. or sb.)Examples: He carefully tended his sunflower plants all summer. The nurse gently tended the patients cuts and bruises. to tend to another customer,to deal with ones problems or needs,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,24. trial,n. a test, usually over a limi
43、ted period of time, to discover how effective or suitable sth. or sb. isExample: They are doing clinical trials on a drug in America which they hope might control the symptoms.,B,T,L,E,W,To be continued on the next page.,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,trial and error: a way of achieving an aim
44、or solving a problem by trying a number of different methods and learn form the mistakes that you makeExample: Theres no instant way of finding a cureits just a process of trial and error.,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,25. warder,n. a person who is in charge of people in prison femal
45、e wardressward: one of the parts or large rooms into which a hospital is divided a psychiatric wardwarden: n. a person who is in charge of a particular building,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,26. wither,v. a. to (cause to) become weak and dry anddecay b. to become weaker, often before
46、 disappearingcompletely Examples: The hot dry wind withered the plants. She forgot to ask someone to water her plants while she was away over the summer and they withered (away) in the heat.,B,T,L,E,W,To be continued on the next page.,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,Their hopes gradually withere
47、d away.withered Example: His hands were all withered from constant exposure to the wind and cold.,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Word Study,27. remove,v. to take sth. away from a placeExamples: This detergent will remove all stains from your clothes. a. removable n. removal (U) the removal of a
48、tyrant from power,The end of Word Study.,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,List:,at length at heart at the time bring back to life/health cut out,Phrases and Expressions,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,a. 详细的、周密的b. 最后 Examples: He spoke at great at length on his plans for the future of the indus
49、try. He told Philip the story at length. He explained the difficulty at great length. At length he came to understand it. At length they reached their destination.,1. at length,Phrases and Expressions,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson 7 Mandelas Garden,Examples: I have many acquaintances,but fundamentally, at heart, Im a lonely man. At heart he is a simple, generous fellow. He has the welfare of the poor at heart.,
