1、1Lesson 10 Not for jazz不适于演奏爵士乐We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged b
2、y a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my fathers.New words and expressions 生词和短语jazz n. 爵士音乐 musical adj. 音乐的 instrument n. 乐器 clavicho
3、rd n. 古钢琴recently adv. 最近 damage v. 损坏 key n. 琴键 string n. （乐器的）弦shock v. 使不悦或生气，震惊 allow v. 允许，让 touch v. 触摸参考译文我家有件古乐器，被称作古钢琴，是 1681 年德国造的。我们的这架古钢琴存放在起居室里。我们家有这件乐器已经很久了， 是我祖父在很多年以前买的。可它最近被一个客人弄坏了，因为她用它来弹奏爵士乐。她在击琴键时用力过猛，损坏了两根琴弦。我父亲大为吃惊，不许我们再动它。父亲的一个朋友正在修理这件乐器。1. Not for jazz 不适于演奏爵士乐 jazz dz n. / v
4、.n. u 爵士乐 e.g. 爵士乐队/夜总会 a jazz band/club 爵士乐师 jazz musicians爵士乐(Jazz)，一种起源于非洲的音乐形式，由民歌发展而来。爵士乐以多种形式呈现出繁荣景象，其乐曲风格极其耀眼，节奏一般以鲜明，强烈为主，从根源布鲁斯、拉格泰姆(Ragtime)，经过新奥尔良爵士乐到 Dixieland 爵士乐、摇摆乐、主流爵士、比波普、现代爵士到自由爵士及电子爵士。jazzy dzi: adj. (informal) 1. in the style of jazz 爵士乐风格的 2. (sometimes disapproving) brightly(颜
5、色)鲜艳夺目地；鲜亮地；明亮地 coloured and likely to attract attention 绚丽的；花哨的e.g. 你系的那条领带太艳丽了。Thats a jazzy tie youre wearing.2. We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681. 我家有件古乐器，被称作古钢琴，是 1681 年德国造的。1) musical mju:zikl adj./n. adj. 1. only before noun connected
6、 with music; containing music 音乐的；有音乐的e.g. 这场演出的音乐指导 the musical director of the show(director direkt n. 1. 董事；理事；经理 2. (某一活动的 )负责人；(公司部门的)主任；经理；(学院的) 院长 3. (电影、戏剧等的) 导演 )音乐天赋/才能/技巧 musical talent/ability/skill (talent c,u (for sth)天才；天资；天赋)音乐风格/品味 musical styles/tastes2. (of a person 人 ) with a nat
7、ural skill or interest in music 有音乐天赋的；喜爱音乐的 opposite: unmusical e.g. 她极具音乐天赋。Shes very musical.3. (of a sound 声音)pleasant to listen to, like music 悦耳的；音乐般的 opposite: unmusical e.g. 悦耳的声音 a musical voice2n. (also old-fashioned musical comedy kmidi) a play or a film/movie in which part or all of the
8、story is told using songs and often dancing 音乐剧2)instrument 常用的意思是“器械” 、 “器具” ，尤指医疗、机器等方面的。但它可以用来泛指各种乐器。instrument instrumnt n. 1. a tool or device used for a particular task, especially for delicate(精致的；精细的；精密的) or scientific work 器械；仪器；器具 e.g. 医疗器械 medical instruments2. =musical instrument 乐器e.g.
9、他在学习演奏乐器吗？Is he learning an instrument.3. (车辆、机器的)仪器，仪表 e.g. 飞行仪表 the flight instruments 4. of/for sth(formal)something that is used by sb. in order to achieve sth.; a person or thing that makes sth. happen 促成某事的人 (或事物)；手段e.g. 法律并不是处理家庭问题的最佳方法。The law is not the best instrument for dealing with fami
10、ly matters.instrumental nstrumentl adj., n. adj. 1. (in sth./in doing sth) important in making sth happen 起重要作用e.g. 他在终止冲突的过程中起了重要作用。He was instrumental in bringing about an end to the conflict knflikt.2. made by or for musical instruments 用乐器演奏的；为乐器谱写的 e.g. 器乐曲 musicadv. Instrumentallyn. a piece of
11、 music(usually popular music) in which only musical instruments are used with no singing 器乐曲instrumentalist nstrmntlst n. 乐器演奏者3) call 在这里的意思是“把 称为” 、 “称呼” ，既可用于主动语态，也可用于被动语态：e.g. 你们把这称为什么？What do you call this?他们叫他“大个子汤姆” 。They call him big Tom.4) clavichord klvik:d n. an early type of musical inst
12、rument, like a piano with a very soft tone古钢琴；击弦古钢琴3. Our clavichord is kept in the living room. 我们的这架古钢琴存放在起居室里。keep ki:p v./n.v. (kept, kept)1. to put or store sth. in a particular place 放，存放，储存 (在某处)e.g. 把你的护照放在安全的地方。Keep your passport p:sp:t in a safe place.2. to stay in a particular condition o
13、r position; to make sb./sth. do this (使)保持；处于e.g. 对不起，让你久等了。Im very sorry to keep you waiting.3. v-ing (on) doing sth. to continue doing sth; to do sth repeatedly 继续，重复(做某事)e.g. 希望你别老打断我! I wish you wouldnt keep on interrupting me!(当 wish 表不可实现的愿望时需用虚拟语气 1.用过去式，表示与现在事实相反 2. 用过去完成式，表示与过去事实相反 3. would
14、+动词原形，表示与将来事实相反)4. vt. to continue to have sth and not give it back or throw it away 保有；留着；不退还e.g. 这是一张五元的钞票- 零钱就不用找了。Heres a five dollar bill-please keep the change.5. a secret/sth. secret(from sb.) to know sth. and not tell it to anyone 保守(秘密)e.g. 你能保守秘密吗？Can you keep a secret?6. vt. your promise/
15、word/an appointment to do what you have promised to do ; to go where 3you have agreed to go 遵守；笃守；恪守(appointment pintmnt n. 1. c (with sb.) 约会；预约；约定 2. c,u(as/to sth)任命；委任 3. c (esp. BrE)职务；职位 )e.g. 她遵守诺言去看望了他们。She kept her promise to visit them.他未能按预约的时间去诊所。He failed to keep his appointment at the
16、clinic.(clinic klinik n. 1. 诊所；医院的门诊部 2. (esp. BrE)门诊时间；会诊时间 3. 临床实习；临床教学)7. vt. to own and care for animals 养；饲养 e.g. 养蜜蜂/ 山羊 to keep bees/goats8. vt. to provide what is necessary for sb. to live ; to support sb. financially 供养；扶养；养活e.g. 他挣的钱几乎不够养活他自己和家人。He scarcely earns enough to keep himself and
17、 his family.(scarcely sksli 几乎不，简直不；刚刚，才；决不；（刚）一就)4. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. 我们家有这件乐器已经很久了， 是我祖父在很多年以前买的。belong 为不及物动词, 因此不能用于被动语态。另外，它是一个表示状态的动词，而不是行为动词，所以它也不能用于进行时。它最常用的时态是一般现在时和一般过去时：e.g. 这个农场现在属于我；在此之前它属于我父亲。This
18、farm belongs to me and it belonged to my father before me.belong bil 过去式： belonged 过去分词： belonged 现在分词： belonging 第三人称单数： belongsv. (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时)1. v.+adv./prep to be in the right or suitable place 应在(某处)e.g. 你肯定这些文件应放在一起吗？Are you sure these documents belong together?2.
19、vi. to feel comfortable and happy in a particular situation or with a particular group of people 适应；合得来e.g. 我在这里感觉格格不入。I dont feel as if I belong here.belonging n u e.g. 有一种归属感 to feel a sense of belongingbelong to sb. phr v. 1. to be owned by sb. 属于某人；归某人所有e.g. 这个电脑是我妹妹的。The computer belongs to my
20、younger sister.这些岛屿隶属西班牙。The islands belong to Spain.2. an event, a competition, etc. that belongs to sb. is one in which they are the most successful or popular(事件、比赛等中某人)获胜，最受欢迎e.g. 英国演员在颁奖仪式上表现很好，但整个晚上却是美国人大出风头。British actors did well at the award ceremony, but the evening belonged to the America
21、ns.belong to sth. phr v.1. to be a member of a club, an organization, etc. 是(俱乐部、组织等)的成员e.g. 你加入过什么政党吗？Have you ever belonged to a political party?2. to be part of a particular group, type or system 是( 某族类或纲目 )的一部分；属于e.g. 狮子和老虎属于猫科。Lions and tigers belong to the cat family.belongings biliz n. pl. th
22、e things that you own which can be moved, for example not land or buildings 动产；财物e.g. 她把她的几件东西装进包里便离开了。She packed her few belongings in a bag and left.5. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! 可它最近被一个客人弄4坏了，因为她用它来弹奏爵士乐。1) recently ri:sntli adv. not long ago 不久前；最近e.g. 我们
23、不久以前收到了他的一封信。We received a letter from him recently.adj. usually before noun that happened or began only a short time ago 近来的；新近的e.g. 近几年发生了许多变化。There have been many changes in recent years.2)damage dmid(1) n. 1.u (to sth) 损害，损失，伤害：e.g. 暴风雨给这座村庄造成了很大损失。The storm has done a lot of damage to the villa
24、ge.2. (damages) 赔偿金e.g. 他们打算起诉，要求赔偿损失。They intend to sue for damages.(sue su: v. (sb.)(for sth.)控告；对 提起诉讼 e.g. 将某人诉至法院要求赔偿 to sue sb. for damages)(2) vt. 损害，毁坏，损坏：e.g. 在这次事故中，这辆车受到了严重的损坏。The car was badly damaged in the accident.6. She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. 她在击
25、琴键时用力过猛，损坏了两根琴弦。1) 并列连词 and 在这里的意义相当于 so, 表示后一句是前一句的结果。再如：e.g. 他摔得很重，手臂都摔断了。He fell heavily and broke his arm.2) key ki: n., v., adj.n. 1. 钥匙 e.g. 汽车钥匙 the car keys2. usually sing.(to sth) a thing that makes you able to understand or achieve sth.关键；要诀e.g. 成功的关键是准备。The key to success is preparation.
26、preprein3. (计算机或打字机的)键 4. (钢琴或其他乐器的) 键5. a set of answers to exercises or problems 答案；题解e.g. 用书后的解答核对答案。Check your answers in the key at the back of the book.vt. sth (in) / sth. (into sth.) to put information into a computer using a keyboard 用键盘输入；键入 synonym: enter e.g. 用键盘输入口令。 Key (in) your passwo
27、rd.(password psw:d n. 1. 暗语；暗号；口令 2. (computing 计) 口令；密码 )(enter vt. sth (in/into/on sth) 登记，登录，输入(姓名、号码、细节等)e.g. 将姓名填入 (表格的)方框里。Enter your name in the boxes (=on a form)phr. v. key sb./sth. to sth. usually passive (esp. AmE) to make sb./sth. suitable or appropriate for a particular purpose 使某人(或某事)
28、适合于某事e.g. 这些课是针对高年级学生的需要开设的。The classes are keyed to the needs of advanced students. adj. only before noun most important; essential 最重要的；主要的；关键的e.g. 他是这场运动的关键人物。He was a key figure in the campaign. kmpein (n.运动；竞选运动；战役；季节性竞赛 vi.参加发起 运动， 参加竞选；参战，参加战役；作战)keyboard ki:b:d n. 1. (计算机或打字机的) 键盘 2. (钢琴或其他乐
29、器的) 琴键，键盘3) string stri n., v., adj.n. 1. u; c 细绳；线；带子 e.g. 一根细绳 a piece of string2. c 一串 e.g. 一串珍珠 a string of pearls3. c 一系列；一连串；一批 e.g. 接二连三的成功 a string of successes4. c 弦5vt. (strung, str strung) 1. +adv./prep. A on, along, in, etc. B/ B with A to hang or tie sth in place, esp. as decoration dek
30、ren 悬挂；系；扎e.g. 我们在树上挂了纸做的灯笼。We strung paper lanterns lntn up in the trees.2. +adv./prep. 用线(或细绳等) 串，把连在一起e.g. 她把贝壳串在一条银链子上。She had strung the shells on a silver chain.adj. only before noun 1. 由弦乐器组成的；弦乐器的 e.g. 弦乐器演奏者 a string player2. made of string or sth like string 线织的；线的 e.g. 网兜 a string bag7. M
31、y father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. 我父亲大为吃惊，不许我们再动它。1) shock k n. 1.c, u a violent shaking movement that is caused by an explosion, earthquake, etc.(由爆炸、地震等引起的) 剧烈震动，剧烈震荡e.g. 爆炸引起的剧烈震荡在六英里之外都能感觉到。The shock of the explosion iksplun could be felt up to six miles away.2. c, u an u
32、npleasant feeling as a result of sth bad happening; the event that causes this feeling震惊；惊愕；令人震惊的事 e.g. 他至今还惊魂未定。 Hes still in a state of shock.3. u 休克 e.g. 他伤得不重，但处于休克状态。He isnt seriously injured but he is in (a state of) shock.4. c=electric shock e.g. 别碰那根电线，不然会触电的。Dont touch that wire or youll ge
33、t a shock.vt. to surprise and upset sb. 使震惊；使惊愕e.g. 听到他的死讯，我们都感到震惊。 We were all shocked at the news of his death.2) allow v. 1.to let sb. / sth. do sth; to let sth. happen or be done 允许，准许(某人做某事)(to allow sth./to allow sb. sth/to allow sb. to do sth.)e.g.vn to inf (1) 他的父母不会允许他在外待得很晚。 His parents wo
34、nt allow him to stay out late.(2) 他不可以在外待到很晚。He is not allowed to stay out late.vn (3) 大厅内不准吸烟。Smoking is not allowed in the hall.v-ing (4) 我们不准有人在大厅内吸烟。 We do not allow smoking in the hall.vnn 他们一年给我们四周假期。They allow us four weeks holiday a year.2. vt. usually passive to let sb./sth. go into, throug
35、h, out of, etc. a place 允许进入(或出去、通过)e.g. 狗不准进入孩子的游戏场地。Dogs are not allowed in the childrens play area.恐怕你不准进去。Im afraid youre not allowed in.3. (formal) to accept or admit sth.; to agree that sth. is true or correct. 接受；承认；同意(某事属实或正确)e.g. vn 法官同意我的要求。The judge allowed my claim.v that 他拒不承认这种情况可能发生。H
36、e refuses to allow that such a situation could arise.(arise raiz v. (arose rz, arisen rzn) vi. (rather formal) (esp. of a problem or a difficult 6situation 尤指问题或困境)to happen; to start to exist 发生；产生；出现 synonym: occur)4. 给予vnn e.g. 给你们半个小时完成这次测验。Youre allowed half an hour to complete the test.allowan
37、ce launs n. 1. an amount of money that is given to sb. regulary or for a particular purpose 津贴；补贴；补助e.g. 每天 20 元补贴 an allowance of $ 20 a day 差旅补贴 a traveling allowance2. the amount of sth that is allowed in a particular situation 限额；定量e.g. 行李限重 20 公斤 a baggage allowance of 20 kilosallowable laubl a
38、dj. 1. (法律、规章等) 允许的，承认的，容许的 2.(BrE) 可减免的(税收部分)3) touch (1) vt. 触摸，碰：e.g. 你们不许碰花瓶。You are not allowed to touch the vase.你们可以观看这些画，但不可以摸。You can look at the pictures, but you cant touch them.(2) vt. 谈及，涉及，关系到：e.g. 生活费用的增加与每个人都有关系。A rise in the cost of living touches everyone.(living adj. 活着的；活的 n. 1.
39、c 生计；谋生；收入 2. u 日常生活)(3) vt. to make sb. feel upset or sympathetic 感动，触动；使同情e.g. 她的故事使我们大家深受感动。Her story touched us all deeply.(4) link-verb. 摸起来(sound; taste; look; smell)e.g. 桌子摸起来很光滑。The desk touches smooth.Phr. v. be/keep in touch with sb. (与)有( 或进行、保持等)联系be/keep in touch with sth. 了解(某课题或领域的情况)
40、be out of touch with sb. 失去联系；不再了解(某人的 )情况be out of touch with sth. 不再了解，不懂得(某课题或领域的情况)lose touch with sb./sth. 与失去联系/ 不再了解( 尤指一般人的想法 )8. It is being repaired by a friend of my fathers. 父亲的一个朋友正在修理这件乐器。repair rip v., n.vt. 1. to mend sth that is broken, damaged or torn 修理；修补；修缮 e.g. 修理汽车 to repair a
41、 car(tear t v. (tore t:, torn t:n) vt./vi. 撕裂；撕碎；扯破；戳破 )2. to say or do sth. in order to improve a bad or unpleasant situation 补救；纠正；弥补e.g. 太晚了，无法弥补他们的关系所遭受的创伤了。It was too late to repair the damage done to their relationship.n. c,u an act of repairing sth 修理；修补；修缮e.g. 他们答应支付所有的修理费。They agreed to pay
42、 the costs of any repairs.IDM: in good, bad, etc. repair / in a good, bad, etc. state of repair (fml) in good, etc. condition状况良好（或不佳等）Grammar in use1. 被动语态(The passive) (1)7当谓语表示一个动作时，主语和它可以有两种不同关系：主动关系或被动关系：在表示主动关系时(即主语为动作的执行者时) ，谓语的形式称为主动语态；在表示被动关系时(即主语为动作的承受者时)，谓语要用另一种形式，称为被动语态。在被动语态的句子中，动作执行者可以
43、由介词 by 引起的短语表示。被动语态由助动词 be 加过去分词构成，时态通过 be 表现出来。各个时态的被动形式大致可归纳如下：一般状态 进行时态 完成时态现在amis givenareamis being givenarehasbeen givenhave过去wasgivenwerewasbeing givenwerehad been given将来shallbe givenwillshallhave been givenwill过去将来shouldbe givenwouldshouldhave been givenwould主动语态与被动语态皆指动词的形式而言。在主动句中，动词的主语是执
44、行动作的人或物：e.g. 约翰昨天晚上做了饭。John cooked the food last night.在被动句中，动作是对主语执行的：e.g. 饭是昨天晚上做的。The food was cooked last night.被动语态由 be 的一种形式和过去分词构成。主动语态的时态用法规则也适用于被动语态。例如：现在正在进行着的动作也要用现在进行时：e.g. 父亲的一个朋友正在修理这件乐器。The instrument is being repaired by a friend of my fathers.已经完成的动作要用完成时：e.g. -这部电影上映了吗？ Has the fil
45、m been shown yet?-目前正在上映。Its being shown now.动词作及物动词用(即动词后可加宾语 )时才能构成被动语态。如果要说明是什么人或什么东西做了某事，则用“by+行为主体”结构：e.g. 我住在一个由美丽的树林环绕的古老小镇上。I live in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods.8那张桌子是我祖父做的。That table was made by my grandfather.“行为主体”也可以不表示出来：e.g. 这架钢琴是英国造的。The piano was made in E
46、ngland.这辆车是上星期修的。The car was repaired last week.2. 双重所有格(The double genitive) (genitive denitiv n. (某些语言的 )属格；所有格)-s 结构的所有格也可用于“of 结构”之后，如：a friend of my fathers (我父亲的一位朋友)，意思是我父亲的许多朋友之一。出现这种情况是因为在一个名词前通常只用一个限定词。例如在 son 一词之前，我们不会同时用 this 和 my 两个限定词，而只可说 this son of mine(我的这个儿子)。其他一些表示所属关系的代词的例子如 a f
47、riend of yours(你的一个朋友)，an uncle of hers(她的一个叔叔)等。在名词前面，我们可以用 a, this, that, these, some, any, no 等等，但不用 the。He is a friend of mine.(他是我的一个朋友 )比 He is my friend 更常用，后者含有“他是我的一个特殊的或惟一的朋友”之意。而 He is no friend of mine 的含义是“我根本不认识他”或“他是我的敌人” 。3.与被动形式的 made 连用的几个介词动词 make 经常用于被动语态。当它与不同的介词搭配时，意义也稍有不同。(1)
48、made in 可表示产地或时间：e.g. 这辆自行车是中国造的。This bike was made in China.它生产于 1988 年。It was made in 1988.(2) made of 表示用某种材料制成 (通常指制造后不改变该材料原来的性质或形状 )：e.g. 这椅子是木制的。This chair is made of wood.(3) made from 表示用数种材料制成，或者是制造后改变了材料原来的性质或形状：e.g. 用木材可以造纸。Paper can be made from wood.(4) made by 表示由谁制造：e.g. 这条裙子是玛丽做的。This skirt was made by Mary.
