1、,Unit 4 Grammar,动名词(Gerunds)语法点的讲练,动名词的定义,它是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词形式。基本形式为:v-ing, 动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。动名词有时态和语态的变化。,动名词的时态和语态的基本形式：（以write为例）,注意：动名词的否定形式是：not writing,V-ing形式的构成方式：,1.在一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加词尾 ing。 eg. go going; do doing; ask asking; read - reading study studying; carry carrying; fly
2、 flying; worry worrying; 2.在以不发音的e 结尾的动词后，去掉e，再加- ing。 eg. come coming live living dance dancing make making 3.在闭音节的单音节动词后、以重读闭音节结尾的多音节动词，而末尾只有一个辅音字母时，将这个辅音字母双写（x除外），然后再加 ing. sit sitting; run running; begin beginning; forget forgetting 4.在少数几个以 ie 结尾的动词后：须将ie 变作y，再加- ing。(这些动词词典一般均注明) eg. die dying
3、; tie tying lie lying,动名词&现在分词的区别,区分方法,1.如果-ing形式在句子中作状语和补语，那么它一定是现在分词。例如： 1. She saw Jim playing with the cat. 2. Having finished his homework, he went out to play.,2.如果-ing形式在句子中作主语、宾语和同位语，那么它一定是动名词。例如：Smoking is harm to your body. I like swimming. His aim, going to college, will come true.,3.作定语的
4、区分方法：如果被修饰的名词与-ing形式有逻辑上的主谓关系，即都表示所修饰的人或物所发出的动作，（可以扩展为定语从句），那么它就是现在分词；如果没有，那么它就是动名词。例如： The sleeping child (the child who is sleeping ) is my little sister.（现在分词） Do you like sleeping cars?（动名词）,4.作表语的区分方法： 如果-ing形式相当于一个形容词，表示主语的性质或特征，和主语的位置不能互换，那么-ing形式就是现在分词； 如果-ing形式相当于一个名词，与主语处于同等地位，可以与主语互换位置，那么
5、-ing 形式就是动名词。例如：Her job is feeding these animals.（这句话可以改为：Fe-eding these animals is her job.因此，feeding是动名词。） The book is interesting.（这句话不可以改为：Interesti-ng is the book.所以，interesting 是现在分词。）,动名词的基本用法,用作主语所表动作比较抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作。Playing with fire is dangerous.Climbing mountains is really fun. 注意：动名词做主语，有
6、时先用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。 1)It is no use/ good / useless + doing 2)It is a waste of time+doing 3)It is fun+doing 在以上两种结构中常用动名词作主语。Its no use crying over spilt milk.(覆水难收）There is no joking about the matter.It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。,2. 用作宾语,1）作动词的宾语 某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不
7、能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, delay, practise, resist, suggest, depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst out, insist on, cant stand, be used to, get used to, d
8、evoteto, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to等。如： They went on walking and never stopped talking. 他们继续走，说个不停。 I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事。,为了便于记忆，特归纳如下：,后跟-ing的动词的顺口溜：,避免，错过，（少）延期建议，完成，（多）练习喜欢，想象，禁不住承认，否定，（又）妒忌逃避，冒险，（多）原谅忍受，保持，（不）介意,avoid, miss, postpone/put o
9、ff,suggest, finish, practice,enjoy, imagine, cant help,admit, deny, envy,escape, risk, excuse,stand, keep, mind,2）作介词的宾语 We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我们休息呢还是开始干活？ Despite lacking money, his parents sent hi
10、m to a good university.He was late again because of getting up late.Lock the doors and windows before going out. What/How about the two of us playing games？,注意：to 在下列短语中是介词，常跟动名词作宾语。be/get used to look forward toget down to pay attention todevote oneself to lead to contribute to object to（反对）Lets ge
11、t down to preparing for the exam.,动名词用在下列词组后作宾语：give up, cant help, feel like, be worth, be busy, set about, put off, think of，insist on等 She cant help crying at the sad sight. Do you feel like having a break? 4) 既可接动名词又可接不定式的常用动词有：remember, forget, regret, mean, try等，但表达的意义不同。I remember seeing her
12、at the hotel. 我记得在宾馆见过她。(动作发生了)I will remember to see her at the hotel. 我记着要去宾馆见她。(动作尚未发生),1remember/forget/ regret,to do 动作尚未发生,doing 动作已经发生,2. try,to do 设法、努力去做，尽力,doing 试试去做（看有何结果）,3. mean,to do 打算做（主语一般是人）,doing 意味着（主语一般是物）,4.regret,to do对将要做的事抱歉,doing 对已经发生的事感到后悔,1remember/forget,to do 动作尚未发生,d
13、oing 动作已经发生,2. try,to do 设法、努力去做，尽力,doing 试试去做（看有何结果）,3. mean,to do 打算做（主语一般是人）,doing 意味着（主语一般是物）,4.Like,to do想要做某事（一时的兴趣，短期）,doing 以前就喜欢，将来还喜欢（长久的，持续的）,5. stop,to do停下去做另外一件事,doing 停止做手头的事情,Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.) What I hate most is being l
14、aughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what I hate most.),作表语 动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。,）动名词的逻辑主语及复合结构 Would you mind _（我开窗户吗）？ Would you mind my / me opening the window? my/ me 称为动名词的逻辑主语 I cant understand Jack /Jacks leaving his wife. I cant
15、understand his/him leaving his wife. Jacks/ His leaving his wife is unbelievable. 动名词的逻辑主语 动名词动名词的复合结构,动名词的几个注意事项,2. 动名词的被动形式: being doneThe officers narrowly escaped _(kill) in the hot battle. 3. 动名词的否定形式：not doingnot having done You will be punished for not finishing your homework on time.,being k
16、illed,Correct the mistakes in each sentence.,1.We would appreciate to hear from you soon.2.Lucy dosent mind to lend you her MP3. 3.After take his measure, they decided to give him the position. 4.Which do you like spending your weekend, fishing or shopping? 5.I still remember taken to Shanghai when
17、I was a child.,lending,taking,to spend,being,hearing,选择题：,1. My watch needs _,but I have no time to go to town to have it _. to repair; repaired B. to be repaided; repairing C. repairing; repaired D. being repaired; repaired2. You should apologize to your sister for _ her the truth. telling B. not t
18、elling C. telling not D. not tell3. -The light in the office is still on.-Oh, I forgot _ it off. A. turning B. turn C. to turn D. having turned,4. Hearing the bad news, the mother couldnt help _. to cry B. crying C. cry D. cries5. Our teacher told us to spend some time _ English every day. to practise speaking B. practising speaking C. to practise to speak D. practising to speak6. It is no use _ without doing. to promise B. promising C. promise D. to be promised,Homework,Finish all the exercises in Grammar in the textbook and the workbook.,
