1、直接引语变间接引语,一、如何变人称; 下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化 She said. “My brother wants to go with me. “She said her brother wanted to go with her. “二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，He said to Kate. “H
2、ow is your sister now?“He asked Kate how her sister was then。 “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化Mr Smith said。 “Jack is a good worker。“Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。,二、如何变时态： 直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。 现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。 1)She said. “I have lost a pen
3、.“She said she had lost a pen 2)She said. “We hope so.“She said they hoped so. 3) She said. “He will go to see his friend。“She said he would go to see his friend。 但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。 直接引语是客观真理。 “The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. T
4、he teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。 直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。 Jack said. “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?“Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。 直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。 Xiao Wang said. “I was b
5、orn on April 2l, 1980。“ Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。,直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。He said, “I get up at six every morning。“ He said he gets up at six every morning。 如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（ had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（could, should, would, might）不再变。 Peter said. “You ha
6、d better come have today。“ Peter said I had better go there that day。 三、相应变化的特殊词： 指示代词 this -that ;these- those 表示时间的词 now - then ;today- that day ;this week(month ,etc) -that week (month ,etc) ;yesterday -the day before ;last week(month) - the week(month) before ;three days(a year)ago-three days(a
7、year)before ;tomorrow -the next (following ) day ;next week(month)-the next(following)week(month) 表地点的词 here -there .动词 bring - take .come -go He said, “These books are mine.“ He said those books were his.,四、如何变句型： 直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.“She sa
8、id that their bus would arrive in five minutes. 直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.He said, “Can you swim, John?“ He asked John if he could swim. “You have finished the homework, havent you?“ my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework. “Do you go to schoo
9、l by bus or by bike?“ He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike. 直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。 She asked me, “When do they have their dinner?“ She asked me when they had their dinner.,直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth.“句型。 “Dont make any nois
10、e,“ she said to the children. She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. “Bring me a cup of tea, please,“ said she.She asked him to bring her a cup of tea. 直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）。” He said, “Lets go to the film.“ He suggested going to the film.或He suggested th
11、at they should go to see the film.,直接引语和间接引语直接引述别人的原话,叫做直接引语; 用自己话转述别人的话,叫做间接引语。 间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语 必须放在引号内,间接引语则不用引号。,Grammar focus,直接引语改为间接引语时,除将引语 部分变成宾语从句外,还必须对直接引 语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状 语、地点状语等进行改变。,Direct speech,Reported speech,（）人称作相应的变化,I,he/she,we,they,（）时态作相应的变化,一般现在时,一般过去时,现在进行时,过去进行时,一般将来时,过去将
12、来时,（）间接引语无引号,The teacher said ,“The earth moves around the sun .” The teacher said the earth moves around the sun .,当引述的是客观事实、科学真理时，间接引语中的动词时态不必改变,This is my computer. 这是我的电脑。,He said this washis computer. 他说这是他的电脑。,所有格,I am hard-working every day. 我每天都很认真学习。,He said he was hard- working every day.
13、他说他每天都很 认真学习。,人称,I dont like cleaning the room. 我不喜欢打扫 房间。,He said he didnt like cleaning the room. 他说他不喜欢打扫房间。,时态,一般疑问句： 直接引语为一般疑问句变为间接引语时，需用if或whether（选择疑问句只能用“whether)来引导,并且用陈述语序。 Eg: Do you like English?I want to know If/whether you like English .“Are you Tim?she asked.She asked if/whether he wa
14、s Tim.,特殊疑问句：直接引语特殊疑问句变为间接引语时，需由特殊疑问词来引导：who,whom,whose,what,which,when,why,how,where等来引导,并且用陈述语序。 Eg: He asked her: ”Who are you ?” He asked her who she was.She asked me: “Why do you like English?”She asked me why I liked English.,1. 时态的变化:直接引语变为间接引语时, 通常受转述动词said, asked等的影响而使 用过去化的时态,即把原来的时态向过去 推,
15、也就是一般现在时变为一般过去时,现 在进行时变为过去进行时等。例如： Tom said to me, “My brother is doing his homework.” Tom told me that his brother was doing his homework.,动词时态的变化,2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化, 根据意义进行相应的变化。 例如：She asked Jack, “Where have you been?” She asked Jack where he had been. He said, “These books are mine.” H
16、e said that those books were his.,指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和 动词的变化,二. 直接引语改为间接引语时,都使用 陈述语序,但是因为原句的句式不同,所 以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所 不同。,1. 陈述句的间接引语 陈述句由直接引语变间接引语,通常由 that引导,可以省略。 “I want the blue one” he told us. “我想要蓝色的” 他说。 He told us (that) he wanted the blue one.,2. 疑问句的间接引语 直接引语如果是疑问句,变成间接引语后, 叫做间接疑问句。间接疑问句为陈述语 序,句
17、末用句号,动词时态等的变化与间接 陈述句相同。 引述动词常用ask, wonder, want to know, inquire。间接疑问句一般有三种：,1) 一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语 时, 由whether或if 引导。 如: “Has he ever worked in Shanghai?” Jim asked. “他在上海工作过吗?”吉姆问。 Jim asked whether/if he had ever worked in Shanghai.吉姆问他是否在上海工作过。,“Can you tell me the way to the hospital?” The old man
18、 asked. 那个老人问: “你能告诉我去医院的路吗?” The old man asked whether I could tell him the way to the hospital. 那个老人问我是否能告诉他去医院的路。,2) 特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语 时, 仍由原来的疑问词引导。 如: “Which room do you live in?” He asked. “你住哪个房间？”他问我。 He asked me which room I lived in. 他问我住哪个房间。,3) 选择疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语 时, 由whether/if or引导。如： “Is
19、it your bike or Toms? Mum asked. 妈妈问:“这是你的自行车还是汤姆的?” Mum asked whether/if it was my bike or Toms. 妈妈问这是我的自行车还是汤姆的。,“Does your sister like blue dresses or green ones?” Kate asked. “你妹妹喜欢蓝色的裙子还是绿色的?”凯特问。 Kate asked whether/if my sister liked blue dresses or green ones.凯特问我的妹妹喜欢蓝色的裙子还是绿色的。,3. 祈使句的间接引语
20、当祈使句变为间接引语时,间接祈使句的 引述动词常用tell, ask, order, beg, order, request等, 而把直接祈使句变成带to的 不定式短语。如:,I am Mimi.,人称,What did he say?,Period 1,直接引语：He said ,“I am Mimi.”,人称,间接引语：He said he was Mimi.,I dont like cleaning the room.,直接引语：He said, “I dont like cleaning the room.,时态,What did he say?,间接引语：He said he did
21、nt like cleaning the room.,This is my computer.,所有格,What did he say?,直接引语：He said , “This is my computer.”,所有格,间接引语：He said that was his computer.,直接引语变为 间接引语注意：,人称,时态,所有格,直接引语,间接引语,amis,was,are,were,Havehas,had,will,would,can,could,do,did,1. Tom said, “Im going to have a surprise party for Mary.“To
22、m said that _. 2. The teacher said, “My students are hard-working.“The teacher said that _. 3. Jack told Jane, “ I will lend my bicycle to you.“Jack told Jane that _. 4. My friend said, “Im having a party for Lana.“My friend said that _. 5. Lana said, “I will go to my cousins house on Friday.“Lana t
23、old me that_ .,将直接引语改写为间接引语,he was going to have a surprise party for Mary,his/her students were hard-wording,he would lend his bicycle to her,he/she was having a party for Lana,she would go to her cousins house on Friday,比一比，赛一赛,1。Tony said:“I can play the violin.,男孩女孩 看看谁的眼力尖，脑力快,直接引语变间接引语,1.Tony
24、said he could play the violin.,2.Mary said:“I am studying Japanese.,2.Mary said she was studying Japanese.,3Susan said:“I go shopping every Sunday.,3.Susan said she went shopping every Sunday.,6.Linda said :“I go camping every week.,比一比，赛一赛,4.Tom said:“My favorite sport is football.,男孩女孩 看看谁的眼力尖，脑力快
25、,直接引语变间接引语,4.Tom said his favorite sport was football.,5.Mary said :“I will go on Friday.“,5.Mary said she would go on Friday.,6.Linda said she went camping every week.,比一比，赛一赛,7She said “This is my computer“.,男孩女孩 看看谁的眼力尖，脑力快,直接引语变间接引语,7.She said this was her computer.,8.They said “We are having a
26、surprise party.,8.They said they were having a surprise party .,9.They said they were going to watch TV.,9.They said “We are going to watch TV.“,I am Garfield.,人称,What did he say?,Period 1,直接引语：He said :“I am Garfield.”,人称,间接引语：He said he was Garfield.,I dont like cleaning the room.,直接引语：He said: “I
27、 dont like cleaning the room.,时态,What did he say?,间接引语：He said he didnt like cleaning the room.,This is my computer.,所有格,What did he say?,直接引语：He said : “This is my computer.”,所有格,间接引语：He said this was his computer.,直接引语变为 间接引语注意：,人称,时态,所有格,We are good friends!,The cat told the mouse they were good
28、friends!,I want to be the best student in my class!,He said he wanted to be the best student in his class.,I will try my best to improve my English!,He said he would try his best to improve his English.,I am going to give you some milk!,He told the baby he was going to give him some milk!,I can give these flowers to my mother!,He said he could give these flowers to his mother !,I will help you.,The policeman told us,he would help us.,
