1、第二部分 单句改译（考点及技巧解析）单句改译英译汉单句改译的英译汉部分主要考查以下几部分内容：1.语法理解错误例 1：原文：I hope your success, which is an inspiration to me, will continue.译文：我希望你取得的成功能够继续鼓舞我。改译：例 2：原文：It was a move we had made by choice, for career purposes.译文：为了搬家我们这次自愿选择了事业。改译：例 3：原文：In the food lines, children wolf food down while once-pr
2、oud parents look away in embarrassment.译文：在领取食物的队伍中，当曾经傲慢的父母尴尬地把目光移向一边时，孩子们狼吞虎咽着。改译：例 4：原文：He wished that he had asked her to dance, and that he knew her name.译文：他真希望自己请她跳了舞，又知道了她的芳名，那该有多好。改译：例 5：原文：You cannot be too careful in proofreading.译文：校对时，你不能过于仔细。改译：例 6：原文：Public officials may be removed fr
3、om office for failing to perform their duties properly, as well as for serious violations of law.译文：公职人员如果渎职就会被撤职，并被视为严重违法。改译：例 7：原文：Nearly 48 million people live in an area only slightly larger than Maryland.译文：这个地方生活着将近四千八百万人口，只比美国的马里兰州略多一点。改译： 2.词语理解错误根据英国语言学家利奇对词汇意义的划分，最广义的词汇意义可分为七种类型，即外延意义（指示意义
4、或本义） 、内涵意义（隐含意义或转义） 、风格意义、情感意 义、联想意义、搭配意义和主题意义。词语意义的理解主要体现在对某些词语在特定上下文中特殊含义的理解。英语中许多非常普通的词语，若仅仅从字面上去理解，其含义似乎一目了然。词语意义应根据原句的主题内容、词汇的词性、搭配关系以及词义的引申或褒贬等来确定。1）Every life has its roses and thorns.2）However, many of the top brands then did not survive and most of the leaders in the PC industry today were
5、not set up then.例 1：原文: Each language has its own genius. 译文：每一种语言有其自己的天才。改译：例 2：原文: The oil used for lubrication must be of correct thickness. 译文：润滑油的厚度要适当。改译：例 3：原文: I believe the Beijing Municipal Government has recognized the problem and the twelfth Five-Year Plan will address it effectively.译文：
6、我相信北京市政府已认识到了这个问题，在第十二个五年计划中将有效地提出这一问题。改译：例 4：原文: A nations greatest wealth is the industry of its people.译文：一个国家最大的财富就是民族工业。改译：例 5：原文：As soon as she became a widow she devoted herself to womens higher education.译文：她守寡了就去献身于女子的提升教育。改译：例 6：原文：Such issues as clean air, pure water and freedom from nois
7、e pollution are public concerns.译文：这些如清洁的空气、纯净的水、无噪声污染的问题都关系到公众。改译：例 7：原文：She persisted in her work when she might take a good rest.译文：当她可以休息时，她却在工作。改译：例 8：原文：We have acquired a keen sense of the diversity, dynamism, and progress of China under your policies of reform and opening to the outside worl
8、d.译文：在改革和对外开放政策下，我们强烈地感受到了中国的多样化、活力和进步。改译：例 9:原文: When the girl saw the thief, her otherwise attractive face turned sour, violently so.译文：那姑娘一看见小偷，她那在其他情况下还挺妩媚的面孔突然变色，变得怒气冲冲。改译：例 10：原文：Scientists are confident about the formation of coal, but they do not seem so sure when asked about oil.译文：科学家们对煤的形
9、成非常有信心，但是当被问到石油的形成时，他们好像没有那么确信。改译：3.词性没有转化例 1： 原文：No household can get on without water.译文：没有家庭可以没有水而继续生活。改译：例 2： 原文：His preoccupation with business left him little time for his family.译文：他对事业的全神贯注留给他的家庭的时间就很少。改译：抽象名词翻译成动词 单句改译汉译英单句改译的汉译英部分主要考查以下几部分内容：1.语法错误例 1：原文：坐在花园的篱笆上，一只黄蜂蜇了我一下。译文：Sitting on th
10、e fence in my garden, a wasp stung me.改译：例 2：原文：不发达地区大都是拥有丰富资源的地区，发展潜力是很大的。译文：Most of the less developed areas are rich in resources, development potential is very great.改译：例 3：原文：总起来说，就是要把中国建设成为富强民主文明的现代化国家。译文：In a word, is to build China into a prosperous, strong, democratic and culturally advance
11、d modern country.改译： 2.词汇错误例 1：原文：从 1980 年至 1992 年，人均国民生产总值平均增长率为 7.6%。译文：Each GPS has grown at an average rate of 7.6% from 1980 to 1992. 改译：例 2：原文：中国海域有丰富的海水资源和海洋可再生能源。译文: Chinas sea territory abounds in seawater resources and regenerable marine energy resources.改译：3.句式转换错误例 1：原文：鼓励合营企业向中国境外销售产品。译
12、文：Encourage a joint venture to market its products outside China.改译：例 2：原文：告诫成年的子女不要犯错误，那是没有用的。译文：Telling grown-up children not to make mistakes is no use.改译：4.句子成分转换不合理（主要是翻译中主语的确定问题）例 1：原文：惟有相互了解，国与国才能增进信任，加强合作。译文：It is mutual understanding which makes it possible for countries to build trust and
13、promote cooperation with one another.改译：例 2：原文：对发展中国家而言，首先要摆脱贫穷。要摆脱贫穷，就要找出一条比较快的发展道路。译文：To developing nations, first of all, they will throw off poverty. To throw it off, a way has to be found to develop fairly rapidly.改译： 5.其他翻译方法的问题（1）合译法例 1：原文：中国现有宜农荒地 3,500 万公顷，其中可开垦为耕地的约有 1,470万公顷。译文：China now
14、has 3.5 million hectares of wasteland which are suitable for farming. Of this, about 1.47 million hectares can be reclaimed.改译：例 2：原文：这 20 年间，世界发生了翻天覆地的变化。时而波澜壮阔，令人振奋；时而风雨如磐，惊心动魄。译文：Over the past 20 years, the world has changed greatly. It is sometimes sweeping and inspiring and it is sometimes stormy and disquieting.改译：（2）省略法原文：为了推动中美关系的发展，中国需要进一步了解美国，美国也需要进一步了解中国。译文: To promote the development of Sino-US relations, China needs to know the United States better and the United States needs to know China better.改译： 第三部分单句翻译（技巧分析及重点归纳）单句翻译部分考点总结： 词性转换词义选择句子成分转换句式转换语序调整一、英译汉部分考点分析
