1、Direct and Indirect Speech,Grammar,转述他人的陈述陈述句, She asked me what I was doing.,1) He said , “Im going to Beijing.”, He said that he was going to Beijing.,2) He asked, “Are you a teacher?”, He asked me if /whether I was a teacher.,She said , “What are you doing?”,2. 转述他人的疑问疑问句,3. 转述他人的命令或请求祈使句,3) His
2、father said to him, “Go away!”, His father told him to go away.,直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化,He said, “I have been to the Great Wall. ” He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall. He said, “Ill give you an examination next Monday. ” He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.,1. 陈述句
3、：用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that,从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语要做相应的变化。,Direct indirect Present past Past past and past perfect Present perfect past perfect Past perfect past perfect 第一人称 第三人称 第二人称 第一人称 第三人称 第三人称,具体问题， 具
4、体分析,The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.,谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：,1.直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变,The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”,She says that shell never forget the days in the country.,2. 如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时同样有效，变间接引语时
5、，时态可不变,The children said, “We love this game.”,They told us that they love that game.,3. 主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，时态不变,She says, “Ill never forget the days in the country.”,1. 当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候 2. 当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时 3. 当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时 4. 当引语是谚语、格言时 5. 当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had
6、 better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时,从句时态无须改变的还有以下情况:,直接引语,间接引语,指示代词,时 间 状 语,地点状语,方向性动词,this,that,these,those,now,then,today,that day,this week,that week,yesterday,the day before,last week,the week before,four days ago,four days before,the day before yesterday,two days before
7、,tomorrow,the next day,next month,the next month,here,there,come,go,bring,take,解题步骤:,“I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.,Sarah said to her friends,that,didnt,she,Sarah said to her friends that she didnt like computers.,He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?” He aske
8、d (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. He said, “You are interested in English, arent you?” He asked whether I was interested in English.,2. 一般疑问句：间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序,解题步骤: Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil? (They asked
9、him),They asked him,if,It is easy to improve the condition of the soil.,it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.,is,was,They asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.,He said to me，“Whats your name?” He asked me what my name was. He asked us, “How many car factories have
10、 been built in your country?” He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.,3. 特殊疑问句：原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb. )来表达，语序改为陈述句语序,解题步骤： When do you harvest the wheat ? ( They asked him ),They asked him,When,you harvest the wheat,you harvest the wheat.,he,harvested,They asked hi
11、m when he harvested the wheat.,注意：选择疑问句,He asked, “Do you speak English or French?” He asked me whether I spoke English or French. I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?” I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.,用whetheror表达，而不用ifor，也不用eitheror,4. 祈使句,直引：主语+动词+“祈使句” 间引：主语+动词+to Verb
12、The teacher said to me, “Come in .” The teacher told me to go in 。 John said to me , “Please shut the window。” John asked me to shut the window。 The teacher said to me, “ Dont be late again.” - The teacher advised me not to be late again.,表示请求或建议的一般疑问句相当于一个祈使句的作用,特别提醒,表示命令，用tell，order，command等。 表示请求
13、，用ask，beg，request等。 表示忠告，用 advise。,Open the window.,Direct speech,Indirect speech,Miss Hu told * toopen the window.,Will you please open the window?,Miss Hu asked * toopen the window.,told,to,asked,to,Dont open the window.,Miss Hu told * notto open the window.,not,told,“Write a letter to your parent
14、s.”“Dont play games in the classroom.”“Can you pass on the book to Tom?”“Will you please not smoke here?”,The teacher told me to write a letter .,The teacher ordered me not to play games .,The teacher asked me to pass on ,The teacher asked me not to smoke there.,Practise:,5. 感叹句,直引：主语+动词+“感叹句” 间引：主语
15、+动词+陈述句 e.g. He said, “ what a fine day it is !” He said, “ How fine the day is !” He said what a fine day it was . He said how fine the day was . He exclaimed that it was a fine day.,特别提醒,1.间接感叹句的动词应该是cry 或exclaim 。2.可以仍用what，how 等词，语序不变，也可以用that 从句，把动词say 改为cry，shout，exclaim 等。,1.He said to Tom, “
16、Dont do the work any more.”2.Mrs. Green said, “Please sing us a song, Miss White.”3. “Be quiet, children.” said Mrs. Wilson.4. All the people cried, “What magnificent clothesthese are!”,He told Tom not to do the work any more.,Mrs. Green asked Miss White to sing them a song.,Mrs. Wilson told the chi
17、ldren to be quiet.,All the people cried what magnificent clothes these were.,Practise:,5. 注意地点的变化,在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化,1. 注意时态的变化,2. 注意人称变化。,3. 注意指示代词的变化,4. 注意时间的变化,6. 注意个别趋向动词的变化,Exercises:,1. He said , “I m afraid I cant finish this work.”,2.He said , “I havent heard from him since May.”3.Tom said
18、“I will see you next week.”,He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish that work.,He said that he hadnt heard from him since May.,Tom said that he would see me the next week.,4. “Why were you late again?” The teacher said to me.5. “I dont like swimming,” said Sarah.6. His friends asked him if he w
19、ould go to Dalian.7. “Have you been to Paris?” My classmate asked me.,The teacher asked me why I was late again.,Sarah said she dont like swimming.,His friends asked him, “Will you go to Dalian?”,My classmate asked me if I had been to Paris.,将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1. “I never eat meat.” he said. He said
20、 that _ never _ meat. 2. “Ive found my wallet.” he said to me. He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet. 3. “I took it home with me.” she said. She said that _ _ _ it home with her. 4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down
21、in the west. 5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.He _ me that he _ met her the day _.,6. “You must come here before five.” he said.He said that I _ to go _ before five. 7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.He said that he _ bought the house 10 years _. 8. “Did you see her last week?” he
22、 said.He _ _ I had seen her the week _. 9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He _ Jim that he _ sit there 10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother _ _ _ found it.,11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _ _ _been _ days. 12. “Do you know where she lives?” he
23、asked.He asked _ _ knew where she _. 13. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said. He _ the children _ _ making so much noise. 14. “Dont tell him the news.” she said.She told me _ _ _ him the news. 15. “Are you interested in this?” he said.He _ _ I was interested in _.,1. he, ate 2. told, had, found, his 3. she, had, taken 4. rise, goes 5. told, had, before 6. had, there 7. had, before 8. asked, if whether, before 9. told, could 10. how, she, had 11. where, I, had, those 12. if whether, I, lived 13. told, to, stop 14. not, to, tell 15. asked, if whether, that,
