1、托福教案原则：1 尽量用中文思考好，提纲; 提纲乃精华，需要稀释。2 大方向定了之后， 应该有 2-3 点小观点来支撑。各小观点间不应有交集；小论点则是中心句；忍住 “，+because”的冲动。3，Draft 草稿, 300 字以上即可接受4, 简单清晰； imagination translation;大学生毕业之后有很大的就业压力和很大的无奈 After graduation, college students have a lot of employment pressure and despair.Every year, thousands and thousands of coll
2、ege students leave school and flood into the marekts. They stand in long lines and fight each other for a small job. Most of them have no luck. For the lucky ones, they only get 800 yuan amonth, which is not enough for a basic life in the cities. 人们饱受污染之痛 People suffer terribly from pollution. Peopl
3、e dirk dirty water, cough in dirty air and eat poisonous food. They are troubled with one disease or another. they cry and struggle under the grey sky.VS People drink dirty water and cough in dirty air. They are troubled with one disease or another. They cry and struggle under the grey sky. 如今人们普遍虐待
4、动物 abuse animals Today， people generally abuse animals. Today, we often see cold-blooded people throw cats out of windows, kick dogs in streets, and run after poor pets with a huge stick in hand. Nowadays, we often see old, sick, lonely and disabled dogs, cats, pigs and even chickens wander in the s
5、treets, hide in dark corners and eat in dirty dustbins. They look at humans from a distance with a scared heart. 扣题 （A 另外 in addition, besides, on the one hand, on the other hand, for one thing, for another2，定语从句那个生产多过消费的群体That group where the production is more than the consumption. I still remembe
6、r the winter day when I had your hand in mine. 词汇 （用平， 用小，用活, 3-4 级左右）语法：定语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，定语从句，状语从句状语从句和主句最好做到一对一如果去西方国家读书，那么可以接受更好的教育，因为那里的学校，教师和知识都更好 （下句不妥）If one goes to the western countries to study, he is likely to get better education, because there are better universities, professors and more
7、 advanced knowledge. 逻辑主谓要一致如果没有健康， 那么什么都没有意义 If without health, then nothing is meaningful. 作为学生，学习是最大任务“有”+百分比的时候要注意有 80% 的城市家庭养宠物80% of the city families keep a pet人称用第三人称，不要用第一和第二人称。标点符号逗号，用在两个并列成分间通常为连贯词 and, 倘若两个成分比较长（每个成分有定语从句） ，或者每个成分中间已经出现了 and，则可以在主要的连接词 and 前面加入逗号；在介词词组“from A to B”这样的结构中
8、，以上方法同效新时期的绝望 mad /crazy /helpless 主妇们包括 include 那些必须全职工作为支付柴米油盐的以及那些花尽心思挽留丈夫的.Today, the helpless housewives include those who have to work seven days a week to pay the living cost of the family ,and those who do everything to keep their husbands.这是形形色色的一群人，从坐飞机的职业经理人到坐高铁的白领到普通大众，他们匆忙回家，不管方式如何：可以坐火
9、车，汽车，摩托车乃至步行。This is a group of people, from the managers who travel by plane, to the office people who travel by high-speed train, and to the common people who hurry back home by all means-by bus, train, mortorbike or even on foot. 这一理论 theory/conclusion 在两大例子中得到充分的体现 obvious in，在巴西 brazil 高的文盲率 il
10、literacy rate 和糟糕的报纸销售量 newspaper sale 成正比 match；在阿根廷 argentina，低的文盲率和高的报纸销售量成正比 This theory is quite clear in two examples of Brazil, where the high illiteracy rate matches the poor newspaper sale, and Argentina, where the low illiteracy rate matches the good newspaper sale. 山秃了，水脏了， 空气毒了，人民病了The m
11、ountains are bald, the water dirty, the air poisonous and the people sick有了法律从旁监督，那么我们的政府是清廉的，我们的官员是诚实的，邪恶势力是虚弱的，人民群众是满意的With the law standing by, the governments are clean, the officials honest, the evil forces weak and the people satisfied. Some movies deal with the future fantasies, some with the
12、 real life, and some with funny and silly situations. 书名号： 化作一句古话中国有句古话说的好：There is an old Chinese saying which goes that -According to an old Chinese saying, -An old Chinese saying goes that-两情若是长久时，又岂在朝朝暮暮。True love is not afraid of time and distance. 海内存知己，天涯若比邻 Distance separates no true lovers
13、/friends 患难之间见真情 a friend in need is a friend indeed. 君子之交淡若水 noble friends should keep each other at a distance。 三岁看老 ones childhood determines his adulthood. 不打不成器 spare the rod, spoil the kid. Traditional wisdom/thinking goes that 传统上我们认为-当地有个传说说，一条白蛇化作女人，嫁了男人，生了娃A local sotry goes that a white s
14、nake transformed into a beauty, married a man and had a baby. People of diferent personalities and interests cant be good friends. 常用因果关系表述法较好的副词：as a result, hence, consequently 因此常用介词：due to (中性) ， owing to （中性） ，thanks to (褒义) ，because of （中性）常用动词：(主语是物体，事件，不能是人)result in/from, lead to, bring abo
15、ut, give rise to (导致) ， contribute to 导致(中性)， One careless step leads to a huge disaster. 一着不慎，满盘皆输one minor mistake leads to a major disaster be responsible for (中性，主语可能是人、物体，事件), blame - on 将-归罪到-头上（主语肯定是人）many of the locals blame the social problems on the outsiders/aliens 常用句型：The reasons for su
16、ch a concern may involve the fact that 这样的担心的理由有很多，包括-A couple of factors /causes might have contributed to this phenomenon/problem 该现象的发生， 背后有一些列原因增加数字的方法：1， 用事实说话，以 facts/figures 论证。research findings indicate/reveal/suggest/show 研究结果显示= research finds 研究结果显示这个国家女性和少数民族占到了劳动力的很大部分Research findings
17、show that a large percentage of the workforce are women and minorities 结论, according to a recent survey / according to the 1999 census /data/statistics 根据最近的一个调查-数据都是政府的According to the data released by the local government, -当地政府发布的数据; According to the survey conducted by the municipal government ,
18、- 当地政府所做的调查; According to the statistics from the related authorities, -有关单位的统计资料;2）例子，故事，贴近生活（朋友，邻居，自己家）2 使用例证常用例证表达：For example/for instance 譬如+ 一个例子 （句子）Such +as 至少两个例子（名词）A case in point is -/- is a typical case in point. -是一个典型的例子Whether it be A or B or C- 不管是-For proof, look no further than -
19、要找例子很简单，-就是典型的Similar examples are simply many/numerous 类似的例子很多Similar examples simply abound 类似的例子举不胜举Successful examples include A, B, and C 成功的例子包括-大自然在发威，海啸就是一个典型的例子The nature is taking its revenge/ becoming angry. Tsunami is a typical case in point. 海豚对一切活的东西都感兴趣，不管是鸟类还是兽类Dolphins are intereste
20、d in everything that is alive, whether it be bird or beast (the furs and feathers 飞禽走兽） birds of one feather flock together 虽然有人认为他们有权利选择健康还是享受。但是个人认为吸烟应该被彻底禁止，不管是在公开场所还是办公场所Though some may argue that they have the right to choose between health and enjoyment, I tend to believe that smoking should b
21、e banned in any place, whether it be in the public facilities/places or the office facilities/places.我们今天的生活无比美好，远远超过了父辈 father generation 们的想象 imagination。要找例子只要看看今日的饮食就可以了。无论是从品种还是营养度上，以往的饮食都无法和今日的饮食相比较 compareOur life is very beautiful today, which is beyond the imagination of the fathers. For pr
22、oof, look no further than the food of today. Ineed, the food of yesterday cant compare with that of today, not only in quantity, but also in quality.Our life is better than our fathers could ever imagine. For proof, look no further than the food of today. Ineed, the food of yesterday cant compare wi
23、th that of today, not only in quantity, but also in quality. 无论从数量还是质量的角度来说，中国的大学都无法和西方的大学比较 Chinese universities cant compare/compete with/ rival western universities, not only in quantity but also in quality. 大的框架结构1, 一管到底Pressure results from a series of factorsFrom AFrom BFrom C 衡量一个国家成功与否的标准有哪些
24、 A countrys success is based on a series of factors. On the economic development. On the living standard of the people. (the gap between the rich and the poor= the income gap)On the law system. With the law system standing by, the govenrment is clean, the officials honest, the evil forces weak and t
25、he people satisfied. On the environmental protection. (山秃了，水脏了，空气毒了。人们咳，喘着，在疾病中挣扎着 the mountains are bald, the water dirty, and the air poisonous. People cough, choke and moan. They are troubled by diseases of this kind or that kind.)people will be consumed by death before they can consume the econo
26、mic fruits)On the educational system. (produce for the society useful people, provide its people with euqal education opportunities, and atrract smart people from other countries)2, 主系表倒装 The USA is among the most developed countries in the world. Following closely behind is - Why in the developing
27、countries, peoples life expectancy is increasing and infant mortality is decreasing? 诸多因素之一就是生活水平的提高 among the favorable factors is the improvement of peoples living standard. (feed and clothe themselves well. Enjoy a variety/diversity of cultral and sport activities.)于此匹配的是医疗上面取得的进步Matching this is
28、 the progress that we have made in medical treatment, and the protection we get from the free-medi-care system (get timely and proper treatment without fearing a finaical ruin)同样重要的是这个社会的安定和平 equally important is the peace and security of the society. 最后一点就是我们在科技上取得的进步。Last but not least is the prog
29、ress we have made in science and technology. 3, 顶真：一正装，一倒装。课业不见了，同时不见的还有严格的监管和引导As a result of the school burden-reduction effort, the heavy homework is gone; but gone too is the guidence of teachers. 你不仅人漂亮，内心也漂亮 Your face is beautiful; beautiful too is your heart. 你不仅人漂亮，内心更漂亮 Your face is beautif
30、ul, and more beautiful is your heart your face is beautiful and more so is your heart. 中国的经济在飙涨 soaring，家长的财富 wealth 在飞涨。 于是家长们想到这样美妙的烧钱方法不足为奇。Chinas economy is soaring, soaring too is the wealth of the parents. Chinas economy is soaring, and so is the wealth of the parents. It is no surprise that p
31、arents should come up with such a fancy idea of burning money.游客获益了 benefit， 当地人也获益了 The travellers benefit, so do the locals 游客已经获益了， 当地人也是如此 The travellers have benefited, so have the locals. 1） 顶真写作法就是将顶真强行扯断上一段落结尾处-be +adj 下一段落开头：And adj too be+ -随着工业化和城市化的进展，我们的青山绿水遗失了。同时消失不见的还有我们无忧无虑的简单生活，人们在压
32、力和昂贵的生活成本下挣扎呻吟。With the development of cities and industries, our green mountains and clear rivers are lost; lost too is the easy and simple life. People struggle anc cry under the mounting pressure and the increasing living cost. 2） 段落结束总结：不及物动词+介词+n(a) 新段落开始：and + 介词n(b),继续扩写中国的经济得益于工业化和都市化 benefi
33、t from 也得益于广大农民工 farmer-larborers，他们没有工作偏见 prejudice，愿意在任何时候，任何地点接受任何工作 Indeed， chinas economy benefits from the development of cities and industries. And from the large numbers of farmer-larborers who have no job prejudice. They can take any job anywhere and anytime. 一，超过 70%的作文可采用一面倒的形式，即或者赞同，或者不赞
34、同。写作思路简单（大部分可采用如下形式）1， 引入话题（交代观点发生冲突的前提背景）+我的观点+ 理由如下2， 阐述支持观点的理由 123。写好中心句，从道理上论证(3-4 句话 )，结束之后进行例子，数据等的支持。3， 总结观点，交代简单的解决方案 （最好写清楚观点是什么） “should parents send kids abroad for education?”1， 引入： 肯定现象，且进行一定夸张(数量，范围，程度) ；问题产生（快，少，大概）人们问，好还是坏？-争论颇多，观点四起；我的观点，理由如下越来越多 an increasing number of -; increasin
35、gly popular; 不再是个别人做的，已经是一种潮流-no longer a fasion, but rather a trend 人们问是好是坏。Then arises the voice/opinion that -Thus arises the question whether - is harmful or beneficial观点四起，争论不已 Arguments have appeared/arisen and opinions are divided家长疑惑，专家担心 Parents are confused and experts are concerned (be 经常
36、可以进行省略，前提是没有出现句号 :山秃了，水脏了，空气毒了 the mountains are bald, the rivers dirty and the air poisonous.政府是清廉的，官员是诚实的，邪恶势力是虚弱的，人民群众是满意的 The governments are clean, the officials honest, the evil forces weak and the people satisfied.)Sth is under heated discussion 某物争论很多 Sth is at the center of controversy/argu
37、ment 备受争议 Sth is at the center of a storm of controversy 受到了暴风骤雨一般的争议Sth is at the center of abuse /criticism 受到了指责和谩骂Sb is at the cener of both abuse and praise 某人褒贬不一。2， 中间段落通过 firstly, secondly, thirdly 来点明；每个段落里有几层意思，则通过 besides, in addition, whats more 等来表明3， 最后段落综上所述 Based on the above analysi
38、s/what has been discussed 最后 In conclusion 我想再次重申我的观点，我赞同、不赞同文中观点I should confirm that /reiterate that/repeat that I agree /disagree with the view given in the exam. 1, In some countries, young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university s
39、tudies. To what extent do you agree or disagree with people who decide to do this.The vast wild; the sophisticated societyOutside the schools/off the campus 在教室之外1， 放松身心;拓展视野，增加知识 2，挣钱；训练独立生存能力；积累社会经验和关系 3，工作和旅游能够让自己了解社会和自己（所有的小论点先从正面论证，在从反面论证 if without;（中心句的写作，一定不要用指示代词 they, it, themselves）如果功力不强
40、悍，则用条件从句和主句的形式展开；如果功力足够，则用主谓宾的结构）(中心句之后的道理或者是原因或者是背景，有什么结果)Firslty, travelling may widen the horizon and enrich the konwlege of the young. When the young travel to a distant place, they surely can feel a lot about different cultures and customs. Such knowledge cant be learnt in books but definitely
41、helps the young to do research when they return to study. If wihout such knowledge, the young will just look like bookworms, stubborn and surburban. On the other hand, travelling may relax the minds and the bodies of the young. They have been through three years of darkness and pressure. They are ti
42、red, mentally and physically. In theory, they need rest; in reality, they can afford the time. As a result, they will become refreshed when they return to their college study. If without such rest and relaxation, they will be full of hatred toward study.Secondly, working may give the young a perfect
43、 opportunity to make some money. Averagely, a high school graduate can make up to 800 yuan a month, which means he can save at least 4000 yuan a year. This money is enough for one year in the college. Besides, working may train the ability of the young to live independently. These young people used
44、to live under the protection and care of the parents and teachers. Consequently, they lack the basic skills to live all by themsevels. Yet, in jobs, they surely will improve the ability to take care of themselves. According to the survey by Zhejiang University, 26% of the fresh men have working expe
45、riences. These teenagers obviously know more to deal with problems, difficulties and challenges in both their social life and their school life. Yet, most importantly, working may help the young to get some social relations and meet some interesting people. such relations and smart people can help t
46、hem out of troubles and push them to heights in careers in the future. Thirldy, working or travelling may give the young a better and deeper understanding of the society and themselves. Consequently, they know what they desire in their life and why. Such people usually have a clear mind, which means
47、 they can work harder and more effectively in colleges. If without such experience, they will just dream through four years. Based on the above analysis, I should reiterate that young people should be enouraged to work or travel for some time during that gap year. However, the parents and the societ
48、y should warn them of the possible dangers and temptations, so that the young can be fully prepared. 1, 引入： 如今，有些高中毕业生考完之后不直接上大学，相反， 用一年多的时间去旅游，去工作，或者为了拓展见识，或者为了增加阅历。而且这样的做法不仅仅是一种时尚，而且蔚然成风。于是有人就不禁要问，这样做值不值得，应不应该。的确在这个问题上，争论四起，观点不一。但是我个人还是反对，理由如下Nowadays, some high school graduates do not go to unive
49、rsities directly after their examination. Instead, they will spend one year travelling or working, either to broaden their eyes or to enrich their experiences. This has not only become a fashion but also a small trend. People just cant help asking whether this is a curse or a blessing for the young. Indeed, arguments have appeared and opininons are divided. Be that as it may, I strongly disagree for the following reasons. 2，不能去 1，浪费时间和金钱 2，安全和被骗 3，追不上同学，回不来Firstly, if the young decide to do thi
