1、The Explanation for Ruins of YinLadies and Gentlemen:Welcome to the Museum of Yin Ruins. We know, Ruins of Yin situated in Xiaotun village, the northwest of Anyang city. Emperor Pangeng moved the capital from Qufu of Shandong Province and settled down here 3300 years ago. The Ruins of Yin was once t
2、he capital of the later Shang Dynasty and the political, economic, and agricultural center of China at that time. It is a major relic sector under state protection.The new Museum of Yin Ruins was built in September, 1987. It covers an area of over 36 square kilometers and was built on the remains of
3、 the Palace area of the Ruins of Yin. And the buildings were built in the Shang style. The entrance gate was built in the shape of the character 門（men） as it appeared in shell and bone inscriptions, with several wooden columns and beams carved in Shang designs. The Ruins were officially excavated in
4、 1928, and a large number of Shang relics was found here, such as bronze vessels, jade ware, stone ware, bone ware and so on. Their techniques were so exquisite. When we saw these exquisite and beautiful things,we had to know , our ancestors were so clever and the culture in Shang Dynasty was so spl
5、endid. Look, this is the Great Simuwu Square Vessel, it was the largest bronze vessel in the world. It was unearthed in Wuguan village. It is 133cm high, and weighs 875 kg. Chemically, it was made in the proportion of copper 84.77%, stannum 11.64%, and lead: 2.97%. Such a heavy vessel, it was genera
6、lly casted by 200 persons or so. It proved the casting technology improved then .But, so big a tripod, what was it used for? Guess! Yeah, it was used for cooking in the Bronze Age, then it became a status symbol. It is said that emperor Dayu united his country and divided it into 9 tripods; Each par
7、t stood for a tripod. Dayu had 9 tripods,it means he had been an Emperor.Well, Palace Area includes 56 pieces of relics, it was divided into 3 groups. Please look at the building in front of us, it is imitated from No.20 remain of building foundation in Group 2. It was totally 51m long, but we only
8、reproduced 31m long. Its style is the same as the palace of Yin. It may be difficult but simple and solemn close up to it, well see, it has a that died roof with cicadas, dragons, and other designs. On September 10, 1987, the opening of Chinas Yin Shang Culture International Forum was held here.Into
9、 the hall, we can notice some pictures. These are photos of President Jiang ZeMin inspection in 1991. He visited Red Flag canal in Linzhou County and wrote down: Spread our own culture and build up Ancient Anyang.In our left, well look at the model of YH127 Deposit of Oracle Bones unearthed in 1936.
10、 The original deposit weighed 6000kg, divided into 17096 fragment including 8 pieces of ox bones, and 300 pieces of the whole tortoise shells. It recorded plenty of inscriptions on agriculture, military affairs, politics and so forth. It was named the worlds earliest library. Please look here, it is
11、 the Exhibition Hall of Oracle Bones. We know, Shang people loved divine, but how to divine? They always carved many holes orderly on the selected shells or bones, put the coal in Margery beside, burned, prayed and asked the results from the cracks in different directions. And then, the emperor had
12、the results carved on the tortoise shells and ox bones. The inscriptions just were the oracle bone inscriptions.As we know, four characters include the oracle bone inscriptions and the characters in ancient India and in ancient Egypt, only our oracle bone inscriptions left and has evolved. That is t
13、he reason for its fame and valve.Until now, the oracle bone inscriptions have been discovered about 5000 and translated only 1700 or so. In Shang Dynasty, it formed the natural character. Except for its superstition, we can get a lot, for example, the first card. It records something on farming, it
14、says whether they should grow rice or ule or mot. The second recounts something on hunting. We know, hunting was important in Shang Dynasty. It says Duo zi once went hunting and captured a deer.OK, this way, please. The map of the world shows us the missing inscriptions throughout the globe in red,
15、including 3000 fragments outside and 120000 fragments in China.As for the discovery of the inscriptions, there was a story. XiaoTun villagers often digged bones when farming, but they did not know them and took them as dragon bone to chemists everywhere at 3wen per kg. Pitifully many many inscriptio
16、ns were drunk until 1899. Once, WangYiRong, the imperial college president in Beijing, got sick and bought such dragon bone and noticed strange inscriptions on them. He did give researches and finally confirmed them as the earliest character-the oracle bone inscriptions. Its confirmation made its va
17、lue grow up sharply and called the serious private excavates until 1928.Look here, it is the conned of pit of No.H17, unearthed in 1973, the most excavates of bones, including 69 pieces of shells and 4442 pieces of ox bones.Well, lets know about some specialists on bone inscriptions. Wangyirong the
18、father of the oracle bone inscriptions, was from FuShan in Shandong province the imperious in 1899 by chance, pitifully in 1900, against the united Army, suicided. Liu Tieyun, Mr. Wangs student, is the writer of LaoCanYouJi. He collected 5000 pieces of the bones and selected 1000 pieces and wrote th
19、e book of TieYunCangGui, the first book on the oracle bone inscriptions. Wangguowei, one of the famous historians, he and Luozhenyu were considered as the early specialists on the inscriptions, and hence the oracle bone inscriptions considered as Luo Wangs Study. Dongzuobin, one of the archaeologist
20、s, added the outside research to the archaeological researdies. Guomoruo, specially used Marxism to guide the research and made great achievements. And what is fun, the cater four specialists another names each has a tang character, so they are called Oracle Bone Inscriptions Four Tangs.And then, pl
21、ease enjoy the fabulous handwritings in bone inscriptions. It took place in 1921, and now has become a kind of arts. Those handwritings are all written by the celebrities and archaeologists.OK, next spot, we will go to the Exhibition Hall of the chariots of the Shang Dynasty. It is recorded, the ear
22、liest chariot was invented by Xizhong in Xia Dynasty, well, the chariot in Ruins of Yin was the earlier ones excavated in palace area in 1935. Into the hall, well see six chariots. In front of us, was the road in Shang Dynasty 3000 years ago, unearthed in Anyang Aero Sports School in the winter of 2
23、000. It is 8.35m wide, the yellow parts are the mates of chariots. It can make two chariots through at the same time, and beside the mates, is the path 1.8m wide, say, the road was very convenient, like nowadays freeway.The chariot was made up of two circles, one axle, one carriage, one thill, and o
24、ne beam, mainly wooden, a bit copper. Due to the comuption of wood, now what we see is the earthed construction. It is said, the biggest chariot is 3.08m long and 2.4m wide, and the smallest one is about 1m long. In general, the chariot was driven by 2 horses, a little four horses, often for war and
25、 sometimes for walking and hunting. And these chariots were excavated in the great passage and around the mausoleum.Out of the Exhibition Hall, around the building imitated and No.H127 Oracle Bone Deposit Pit, we are going to visit Lady Haos Tomb. Lady Hao, the queen of Emperor Shang called Wuding,
26、was the first woman general in Chinese historical records . She was both intellective and brave and good at martial arts, once, she led 3000 selected soldiers and over 10000 worriers on northern, western and eastern expeditions and conquered over 20 states. After her death, WuDing buried her with gr
27、eat pamp and built a temple hall on the mausoleum. Through the way we must be attracted by the sensational sculptures such as dragon, phoenix and so on. Those are the copy of the wome in Lady Haos tomb. Arriving at the square, well look up a beautiful statue, 3.5m high. Thats Lady Hao, our first wom
28、an general. She holds her favorite weapon, tomahawk(in Chinese 钺). At her back is the sacrificial Hall, where Wuding missed her.Please this way, we will visit Lady Haos Tomb. It was unearthed in 1976, 5.6m long, 4m wide and 7.5m deep. Its coffin chamber under the foundation was in the shape of a sha
29、ft where many kinds of funerary objects buried in 7 layers. 1928 objects were unearthed from the tomb, including bronze vessels, jade wove, gene ware, bone implements, potteries and so forth. In addition, there were over 6700 cowry-shell, in 1999, Lady Haos Tomb was restored.Out of Lady Haos tomb, there was a stone standing in the north.It was put in memory of Chairman Mao. Chairman Mao visited here in 1952. Our leaders have paid more attention to Ruins of Yin.Thats the end of my explanation. Enjoy yourself! Welcome to Ruins of Yin again! Thank you very much!
