1、张家口市第一中学高二英语（选修 8）Unit1 A land of diversity 教师教案 备课人：张育新 李娜1一、预习词汇1. illustrate vt. 说明，阐明 illustration n. 说明，插图，图解2. distinct adj. 清晰的，明显的，明确的 distinction n. 差别，区分，卓著 3. immigrant n. (从外国移入的)移民 immigration n. 移居入境，移民（行为）immigrate v. (从外国)移入，移居入境，作为移民定居 emigrant n. （移居国外或外地区的）移民 emigration n. 移民出境，移居
2、国外 emigrate v. 移居外国或外地，移居4. majority n. 大多数，大半 , 成年 minority n. 少数民族，少数派，未成年 adj. 少数的，少数派的5. adventurer n. 冒险家 adventure n./v. 冒险 adventurous adj. 有冒险精神的，大胆开拓的， （事物，方法，思想）新奇的，刺激不断的，惊险的6. despite prep. 尽管；不管 despite=in spite of; (介词 ) despite the fact that=in spite of the fact that= although/though （
3、连词）7. hardship n. 苦难；困苦 friendship n. 友谊 relationship n. 关系，联系注：-ship 构成名词的词缀，表示状态、性质、品质。8. federal adj. 联邦制的，联邦政府的 federation n. 联邦，联邦政府9. percentage n. 百分比，百分率（其前不能加具体数字，可加 high/low 等形容词修饰） percent n. 百分之 , 百分数 （其前往往是具体数字）10. racial adj. 人种的，种族的 race n. 人种，种族，竞赛 vi. 竞赛, 比赛 race (against) sb./sth.
4、和比赛 vt. 使比赛，让参赛 race dogs/horses 赛狗/马11. applicant n. 申请人 application n. 申请，应用 apply v. 申请，应用12. customs n. 海关，关税，进口税 custom n. 风俗，习惯 customer n. 顾客13. socialist n. 社会主义者，社会党人 adj. 社会主义者的 socialism n. 社会主义 social adj. 社会的，社交的 society n. 社会，社交界，社团 14. apparent adj. 显而易见的，显然的，表面上的 apparently adv. 显然地，
5、显而易见地 同义词：obvious adj. obviously adv. 15. conductor n. (公车)售票员， 列车员，(乐队)指挥， 领导者，管理者 conduct v. 管理，指挥，主持，导电 n. 行为，品行16. fascinating adj. 迷人的，吸引人的 fascinated adj. 着迷的，被吸引的 fascination n. 魅力，魔力，入迷 fascinate v. 入迷，使着迷同义词：attractive adj. attraction n. attract vt. 17. miserable adj. 痛苦的，悲惨的 miserably adv.
6、 不幸地，贫困地，可悲地 misery n. 苦难，痛苦18. mourn v. 哀悼，悼念，表示悲痛 mourning n. 哀痛，服丧19. civil adj. 公民的，国内的，民间的 civilize v. 使文明，教化，变得文明 civilization n. 文明，文化 civilized adj. 文明的，有礼貌的20. authority n. 权威，权力 (pl) 当局，官方 authorize v. 批准，认可，授权给authorized adj. 经授权的，经认可的 author n. 作者21. reform v. 改革，革新 n. 改革，改良 reformed adj
7、. 改过自新的22. insert vt. 插入，嵌入 insertion n. 插入，嵌入，插入物23. indicate vt. 指出，标示，表明，暗示 indication n. 指示，指出，迹象24. elect vt. 选择，选举某人，决定做某事 election n. 选举，当选，选举权elected adj. 选举产生的，选任的25. occur vi. 发生，出现 occurrence n. 发生，出现， (常用复数) 突发事件，偶发事件二、精讲词汇1. majority n. 大多数，多数派 , 大半 (反义词 minority)拓展：by/with a majority 以
8、多数，大半be in the/a majority 构成大部分/ 大多数a majority over sb. 超过对方的票数完成句子：1). The majority were/was on the Englands team, but it greatly disappointed them. 大多数人都站在英格兰队的一边，但结果却十分令人失望。2). The majority of people find it quite hard to live on the money they earn because prices hike in basic goods. 大多数人发现靠他们挣的
9、钱维持生活很难，因为基本日常生活用品价格飞涨。3). He was elected by a large majority over his rivals. 他以超出对手绝大多数票当选。注意：the majority 作主语，谓语动词单复数都行；the majority of + 复数名词作主语，谓语动词只能用复数形式。练习：1) Among the members of the committee those who favor the proposed changes are in (填介词) the majority. 2) They had a large majority over
10、(介词) the other party at the last election. 3) The majority of people prefer (更喜欢) peace to war. 4) The majority of the damage is (be) easy to repair. 2. elect vt. 选择，决定做某事，选举某人 election n. 选举拓展：elect to do sth. 选择或决定去做某事elect sb. (to be/as) 选举某人为辨析：elect: 通过投票选举某人担任某职位choose: 一般意义上的选择select: 指“精心挑选”
11、 ，即有所淘汰 =pick out 挑选出练习：1). We elected him (to be/as) Chairman. 我们选他当主席。2). He elected to become/be a doctor. 他决定当医生。 （elect）3). He looked through the suits and selected (挑选) the cheapest one for me. 4). Cameron was elected (to be/as) the new Prime Minister of the UK. 卡梅隆当选为英国新首相。张家口市第一中学高二英语（选修 8）U
12、nit1 A land of diversity 教师教案 备课人：张育新 李娜23. percentage n. 百分比，百分率 拓展：1). one percentage point 一个百分点 例句：Interest rates are expected to rise by one percentage point. 利率预计将提高一个百分点。2). in percentage terms 按百分比例句：The results were analyzed in percentage terms. 结果是按百分比分析的。注意：percentage of +名词做主语，谓语动词根据 of
13、后的名词定。比如：What percentage of the population is/are overweight? 身体超重的人占人口多大的百分比？A high percentage of the the female staff are part-time workers. 女职员中，兼职工作的人占很高的比例。percent 与不可数名词或单数名词连用，谓语动词一般为单数。比如：Ninety percent of the land is cultivated. 90%的土地已耕种。如果是单数集合名词，美国英语动词用单数，英国英语动词用单复数都行。比如：80% of the work
14、force is/are against the strike. 80%的劳力都反对罢工。如果名词是复数，谓语动词用复数。比如：65% of children play computer games. 65%的孩子玩电脑游戏。练习见世纪金榜 P3 即境活用4. boom n. (人口、贸易的)繁荣 vi. 处于经济迅速发展的时期当名词使用时：1). boom in sth. (贸易和经济活动的)激增，繁荣a boom in car sales 汽车销售额的剧增Living standards improved rapidly during the post-war boom. 在战后那段繁荣昌
15、盛的时期里，生活水平得到了迅速提高。a boom year (for trade, exports, etc.) (贸易、出口等)兴盛的一年2). 风靡期 （通常单数） （某种体育运动、音乐等）突然风靡的时期The only way to satisfy the golf boom was to build more courses. 满足这场高尔夫球热的唯一途径是增建球场。当动词使用时：1). （商业，经济）迅速发展，激增，繁荣昌盛By the 1980s, the computer industry was booming. 到 20 世纪 80 年代时，计算机行业迅速发展。Busines
16、s is booming！ 生意兴隆！2). 轰鸣，轰响 Outside, thunder boomed and crashed. 外面雷声隆隆，霹雳炸响。3). boom (out)以低沉有力的声音说(出) A voice boomed out from the darkness. 黑暗中传来了低沉有力的嗓音。“Get out of my sight!” he boomed. “别让我再见到你！” 他低沉有力地说。5. occur vi. 想起，想到，发生(=happen); 出现；存在(=exist) 拓展：1) sth. occurs to (sb.) 某人想到It occurs to
17、sb. that 某人想到/想起It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人想到/想起做某事2) 同义表达法：1) sth. strikes sb. 2) sth. comes to sb. 3) It strikes sb. that练习：The idea occurred to him in a dream. 这主意是在他梦里想到的。It didnt occur to him that Dutch soccer team won the champion in the World Cup. 他没有想到荷兰队赢得世界杯的冠军。辨析：occur=happen: “发生、想到、突
18、然想起” 一般人不作主语，事物作主语。take place: “发生、举行、举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的 “发生”come about: “发生、产生”，多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么. 用于疑问句和否定句。How does it come about that? 为常用句型.break out: “发生、爆发” ，常指战争、灾难、疾病等事件的发生。练习：How did it come about that he knew where we were? 他是怎么知道我们在什么地方的呢？The celebration will take place on Sunday, rain or s
19、hine. 庆祝会定于星期日举行，风雨无阻。The big fire broke out in Russia, and the environment got polluted. 这场大火在俄罗斯发生，环境都被污染了。It didnt occur to her to ask for help. 她没想到去寻求帮助。occurrence n. 1) (C) 发生的事情；存在的事物a common/everyday/frequent/regular occurrence 司空见惯的/每天发生的/经常发生的/定期发生的事情2) (U) occurrence (of sth.) 发生；存在；出现a l
20、ink between the occurrence of skin cancer and the use of computer monitors 皮肤癌的发生于使用电脑显示器之间的联系6. indicate vt. 指示，标示，指明，表明，暗示 indication n. 指示，象征，预示拓展：indicate sth. to sb. 向某人指出某物indicate that 示意，表明as indicates 正如所示练习：Research indicates that eating habits are changing fast. 研究显示，饮食习惯正迅速改变。Kingston-up
21、on-Thames, as the name indicates, is situated on the bank of the Thames. 泰晤士河畔金斯敦镇，正如其名称所示，位于泰晤士河畔。There are clear indications that the economy is improving. 有明显迹象显示经济已经开始好转。张家口市第一中学高二英语（选修 8）Unit1 A land of diversity 教师教案 备课人：张育新 李娜3In his letter he indicated to us (that) he was willing to cooperat
22、e. 他在信中向我们透露他愿意合作。A red sky at night often indicates fine weather the next day. 夜空呈红色往往预示第二天天气晴朗。7. hire vt/n. 租用；雇用拓展：hire out 租出去 hire sth. out (to) 出租某物(给)hire oneself out (to sb.) 受雇于( 某人)，为 (某人) 工作on hire (在) 出租中 for hire (为)出租练习：The bookshop usually hires its books out to those who like to rea
23、d them. 书店通常把书租给喜欢读书的人。After graduation, he hired himself out/was hired out to the company. 毕业后他受雇于这家公司。The costumes are on hire from the local theatre. 戏装可向本地剧院租用。bicycles for hire, $2 an hour 自行车出租，每小时 2 美元辨析 hire: 指临时或一次性雇用 employ: 指长时间雇用练习：She hired a nurse for her mother. 她为母亲雇了一位保姆。She is empl
24、oyed as a secretary. 她被聘为秘书。8. reform v. 1) 改革，改良The law needs to be reformed. 法律需要进行改革。2). 使改正，改造( 行为)，使悔改She thought she could reform him. 她觉得她可以使他洗心革面。n. (U,C) 变革，改良，改善economic reform 经济改革 the reform of the educational system 教育体制的改革reforms in education 教育改革far-reaching/major/sweeping reforms 意义深
25、远的/重大的/ 彻底的变革adj. reformed 改过自新的 a reformed character/alcoholic 改过自新的人/ 酒鬼9. grasp v. 1) 抓紧，抓牢Kay grasped him by the wrist. Kay 紧紧抓住他的手腕。2). 理解，领悟，明白They failed to grasp the importance of his words. 他们没有理解他的话的重要性。She was unable to grasp how to do it. 她弄不明白这事该怎么做。拓展：grasp a chance/an opportunity 毫不犹豫
26、地抓住机会，急忙抓住grasp the nettle 果断处理棘手问题grasp at sth. 尽力抓住某物，抓住机会练习：She grasped at his coat as he rushed past her. 他从她身边冲过去时，她使劲抓住了他的上衣。Tom grasped the opportunity to work abroad. Tom 毫不犹豫地抓住出国工作的机会。 n. (通常单数) 1) 紧抓，紧握，控制She felt a firm grasp on her arm. 她感到手臂被人紧紧地抓住了。Dont let the situation escape from y
27、our grasp. 别让局面失去控制。2) 理解力，领会， 能力所及 have a good grasp of 对理解很好，很好地领悟He has a good grasp of German grammar. 他的德语语法掌握得很好。beyond the grasp of 不能理解 , 超出的领悟力The complicated problems are beyond the grasp of the child. 这些复杂的问题超出这个孩子的理解力。/这个孩子不能理解这些复杂的问题。within ones grasp 某人力所能及，在某人掌控之中Success was within he
28、r grasp. 她有把握获得成功。三、重点短语 （其它词组见世纪金榜）back to back 背靠背拓展：hand in hand 手拉手，携手并进shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩，齐心协力地head to head 头对头，交头接耳地，eye to eye 对视，心有灵犀，四目相对neck and neck 并驾齐驱地face to face 面对面地四、重点句型1. It is likely that 很有可能Sb./Sth. be likely to do 某人/事有可能做某事 相似句型：It is possible (for sb.) to do sh. （poss
29、ible 不用人作主语）It is possible that. It is probable that (probable 不用人作主语，只用于此句型)练习：It is likely that they will be caught in the storm. 他们很有可能遇到暴风雨。He is likely to win. 他很有可能赢。Studies show that people are more A to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours. A. l
30、ikely B. possible C. probable D. sure2. It is believed/said/expected/supposed/thought/reported/knownthatAs is known/said/expected/supposed/thought/reported, What is known/said/expected/supposed/thought/reported is that练习： D is often said that in war, the winner writes the history. A. As B. This C. That D. It张家口市第一中学高二英语（选修 8）Unit1 A land of diversity 教师教案 备课人：张育新 李娜4
