1、在考研语法体系当中，三大从句的重要性不言而喻，而其中的副词性从句也就是状语从句更是不容忽视，状语从句体现了从句和主句之间的逻辑关系，它具体可以分为 9 种：时间、地点、条件、让步、原因、结果、目的、比较和方式状语。在这里我们不具体讲解各个状语从句，而是通过几个例子分析一下状语从句在考试中出现的形式。1. While formal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role, informal learning is acquired as a natural part of a childs develop
2、ment。该句可拆分为两部分，(While formal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role,) (informal learning is acquired as a natural part of a childs development. )，第一部分是 While 引导的让步状语从句，第二部分是主句;从句中，formal learning 是主语，谓语是 is transmitted，过去分词 selected 作 teachers 的后置定语，是不定式 to perform this ro
3、le 作 selected 的目的状语;主句中，informal learning 是主语，谓语是 is acquired，介词短语 as a natural part of a childs development 作 acquired的结果状语。参考译文：尽管正式的学习过程是由挑选出来担当此角色的教师来进行的，非正式的学习过程却是作为孩子成长的自然一部分而完成的。2. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus
4、 lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among other nations is inevitable, although competition is。该句可拆分为三大部分;(White it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, ) (it cannot be said that war-like con
5、flict among other nations is inevitable,) (although competition is. )，第一部分是 While 引导的让步状语从句，第二部分是主句，第三部分是 although引导的让步状语从句;第一部分的主语是山指代后面的 that 从句，实际上，While it is true that 已形成固定结构，参见知识链接， that 从句的主语是 this competition，谓语是 may induce，宾语是 efforts，不定式 to expand territory 作 efforts 的后置定语，at the expense
6、of others 作 expand 的状语;and 之后的 lead to 是谓语，与前面的 induce 并列，conflict 是宾语;主句中的主语是 it,指代后面的 that 从句，该从句的主语是 conflict，谓语动词是 is，表语是 inevitable，复合形容词 war-like 作 conflict 的定语，among other nations作 conflict 的后置定语;第三部分 although 从句的主语是 competition，谓语是 is，表语是 inevitable，承前省略了。该句的第二部分，即主句运用了被动语态，在翻译时要译为汉语的主动语态，这是
7、常用的一条原则，因为英文多被动，汉语多主动。参考译文：虽然这种竞争会引发以他人利益为代价的领土扩张行动，因此也会引发冲突，但却不能认为类似于战争的国家间的冲突不可避免，尽管竞争是不可避免的。3. While it is true that to date the Internet seems to be favoring the most developed sectors of the international community over the less developed, this need not always be the case。该句可拆分为两部分：(While it is
8、 true that to date the Internet seems to be favoring the most developed sectors of the international community over the less developed,) (this need not always be the case. )，第一部分是 While 引导的让步状语从句，第二部分是主句;从句中，it 是形式主语，指代后面的 that 从句，While it is true that 已形成固定结构，参见知识链接，that 从句主语是 the Internet，谓语是 seem
9、s，不定式 to be。作表语，介词短语 over the less developed 作 favoring 的状语;主句比较简单，主语是 this，指代从句内容，谓语是 need not always be，表语是 the case。参考译文: 尽管迄今为止互联网似乎更加青睐国际社会中的发达领域，而非不太发达的领域，情形并不总是如此。4.There is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive，however lucky and robust we are。该句分为两部分：(There is a virtual lim
10、it on how long we can hope to remain alive, ) (however lucky and robust we are。)，第一部分是主句，第二部分是 however引导的让步状语从句;主句中 onalive 是介词短语，作 limit 的后置定语，how 引导的从句是介词 on 的宾语，该从句的主语是 we，谓语是 can hope to remain，表语是 alive;让步状语从句的主语是 we，谓语是 are，表语是 lucky and robust。这句话翻译时也要将从句提前，然后再译主句。参考译文：不管我们多么幸运，多么健壮，我们所希望的长寿年
11、龄实际上是有限度的。5. While the roots of social psychology lie in the intellectual soil of the whole western civilization, its present flowering is recognized to be characteristically an American phenomenon。该句可拆分为两部分：(While the roots of social psychology lie in the intellectual soil of the whole western civi
12、lization,) (its present flowering is recognized to be characteristically an American phenomenon. )，第一部分是以 While 引导的让步状语从句，第二部分是主句;从句中，主语是 the roots，谓语是 lie in，of social psychology 是 roots的后置定语，the intellectualwestern civilization 是介词 in 的宾语，of the whole western civilization 是 soil 的后置定语;主句的主语是 its present flowering，其中的 its 指代前面的 roots，谓语是 is recognized，不定式 to be.an American phenomenon 作主语 flowering 的补足语。参考译文：虽然社会心理学根植于整个西方文明的知识土壤里，其今日的繁盛却被认为是典型的美国现象。
