1、长难句解析10.Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as “steering the economy to a soft landing“ or “a touch on the brakes“ , makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth.词汇突破：steer 指挥，控制Precise 精确的主干识别：Much of the language makes it sound likeprecise
2、science.主+谓+宾+宾补结构其他成分：used to describe monetary policy 过去分词短语做后置定语修饰 the languageSuch as “steering the economy to a soft landing ”or “ a touch on the brakes”形容词短语形容词短语做后置定语修饰 the language难点揭秘：主语后接了较长的修饰成份使这个句子在阅读时主干不容易把握。造成理解的困难。译文赏析： 有很多用于描述货币政策的词汇，例如“操纵经济软着陆“或者“轻踩刹车“，使货币政策听起来像是一门精确的科学。没有什么比这更远离实际
3、情况的了。 （但这些说法是最不靠谱的）（第二个句子的翻译中可以使用正话反说的方法来进行翻译，在肯定和否定之间进行转换。可以参考下面的两个例子：1：Anopportunity is not likely to repeat itself. 可以翻译为：机会难得。2：Such things are of no rare occurrence.可以翻译为：这些事情经常发生）11. To be stupid, selfish, and have good health are three requirements for happiness, though if stupidity is lackin
4、g, all is lost.愚蠢、自私、身体好，是幸福三要素，不过最重要的是愚蠢，没了愚蠢，什么快乐都不会有。福楼拜 很辛辣的一句话，但真相就是这样！继续愚蠢的前进吧，不用过多思考什么，只管往前冲，这样的时光确实值得我们留恋。人生就是矛盾的，谁在乎呢？：）There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary,says, a “disjunction” between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflect
5、ed by the statistics.词汇突破：the treasurysecretary 财政部长（美）Anecdote 轶闻，趣闻Statistics 数据（还有一个我们不熟悉的意思：表格）Picture 情况，事态，局面，状况，情形，形势Mass ofbusiness anecdote ：通常我们不翻译为商业轶事的大量，而翻译为大量的商业轶事，这样更符合中文的习惯主干识别：There isa disjunction.其他成分：as RobertRubin, the treasury secretary, says 插入语（状语从句充当的其中还多了一个同位语做的插入语 the trea
6、sury secretary）between themass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picturereflected by the statistics. 后置定语修饰 a disjunction.微观解析：betweenthe mass of business anecdote and the picture; 为定语的主体部分；that points to a leap in productivity修饰anecdote；reflected by the statistics修饰
7、 picture难点揭秘：由于插入语的加入，造成了对主干是别的难度，尤其是在 between and结构的识别中由于加入了定语从句使其更难于理解，但是抓住主干是王道。译文赏析：正如财长鲁宾所说，在表明生产力飞跃发展的商业佚事和实际数据所反映的情况之间存在着脱节。 （为了行文流畅我加了“实际”二字。 ）(也可以把比较长的那个部分单独翻译，这样更符合中文的习惯。有大量的商业佚事表明生产力的飞跃发展，但是财长罗伯特.鲁宾认为现实数据表明的情况并不能支持这些传奇。)12, And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful ment
8、al events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better.词汇突破：authority 权威harness 使停止的意思；(你从字典上去查还能查到治理等意思）和 stop 可以互换但是更加正式的表达；还有一个单词是 curb，这个单词表示控制的意思相当于 control，原意是缰绳的意思，这个单词为考研高频词。你记住了：harness = curb = control 不要纠结，在考试中就是可以替换的，都是高频词记住就好了C
9、onscious有意识的intensely powerful mental events = dreams ;这个句子是来自于一篇讲梦的 文章，在文章中给出了这样的同义改写也够让人感到纠结的了。主干识别：one leading authority says that+宾语从句；其他成分：宾语从句的主干是 these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control; 并列连词 not only but also连接两个并列的动词 harn
10、essed 和 brought；to help us sleep and feel better 为目的状语难点揭秘：动词的并列造成识别上的困难。译文赏析：而一名顶级权威认为，这些极其强烈的大脑活动不仅可以被抑制，实际上还可以受到意识的控制，进而帮助我们睡眠，使我们感觉好一些。提别解释：有同学翻为：帮助我们睡的更好，感觉更好，也是可以的这是语言的正常的二义性，有的时候这样的二义不会对句子的实际理解造成影响。13. A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals no
11、t simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper.，词汇突破：reveal 揭露constitutes 包含primacy 重要性，首要地位主干识别：A comparison reveals notbut主谓宾结构其他成分：of British geological publications 定语修饰comparison, over the last century
12、and a half定语修饰publications，an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research宾语，a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper并列宾语微观解析：an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research其中 on the primacy of research修饰 emphasis;research修饰 definition ; what 引导一个宾语从句作 of 的宾语，what为宾
13、语从句中的主语。难点揭秘：出现并列的宾语并且在宾语中的定语又出现一个宾语从句，这样就增加了句子的复杂性，并且在句中出现了好几个动态名词。译文赏析：将过去一个半世纪英国地质学领域的出版物做一下比较，(我们)就会发现不仅对科研的主导地位的强调不断攀升，而且一篇可接受的科研论文所包含的内容的定义也有所变化。（ 在这个句中有两个动态名词一个是 comparison;还有一个为 emphasis;其中还有一个动态形容词 changing;在翻译的处理上我们都把他翻译为动词，并增加概说的主语我们）14. But everybody knows Obama needs a liberal to stop t
14、he court from moving further to the right than it already has under John Roberts, the present chief justice, a man more stealth-bomber than aircraft-carrier, whose professions of judicial modesty during his own confirmation hearings in 2005 gave little inkling of the controversial decisions over whi
15、ch he has since presided.词汇突破：liberal 自由主义者Chief justice 大法官Stealth 隐形轰炸机Aircraft-carrier 航空母舰judicial modesty 司法中庸的理念confirmation hearings 确认听证会inkling 想法，暗示，迹象controversial 具有争议性的professions 表明（这是一个动态名词，在翻译的过程中常常翻译为动词）gave little inkling 没有给出线索；（没成想）句子主干：everybody knows其他成分：Obama needs a liberal t
16、o stop the court （宾语从句主干）from moving further to the right （状语）than it already has under JohnRoberts （比较状语从句修饰 moving further to the right） （省略了 has moved）the present chief justice 同位语(John Roberts)a man more stealth-bomber than aircraft-carrier 同位语（John Roberts）whose professions of judicial modesty
17、during his own confirmation hearings in 2005 gave little inkling of the controversial decisions over which he has since presided. 定语从句修饰（John Roberts）微观分析：定语从句的主干：whose professions of judicial modesty gave littleinkling of the controversial decisions定语从句中再给出了两个定语：（1） duringhis own confirmation heari
18、ngs in 2005（2） overwhich he has since presided.翻译点拨：可以先翻译同位语：现任首席大法官约翰.罗伯茨,与其说像航母不如说更像隐形轰炸机。再来翻译定语从句前半句，将主语和定语部分单独成句：2005年，在其就职确认听证会上，他表示将信奉中庸的司法理念，没成想在他主政之后却做成了很多有争议的判罚。接着翻译宾语从句：先翻译状语：法庭在约翰的领导下，已经往右发展了，奥巴马需要一个自由主义者来阻止法庭进一步的右转。最后翻译主句：这一点是大家都知道的。参考译文：现任首席大法官约翰.罗伯茨,与其说像一艘航母不如说像一架隐形轰炸机。2005 年，在其就职确认听证会
19、上，他表示将信奉中庸的司法理念，没成想在他主政之后却做成了很多有争议的判罚。法庭在约翰的领导下，已经往右发展了，奥巴马需要一个自由主义者来阻止法庭进一步的右转。这一点是大家都知道.15A financial vehicle that saw the euro zone take most risk through equity, other governments a bit more through subordinated debt and private-sector investors the least through senior debt is still a long shot
20、.词汇突破： A financial vehicle 融资工具和融资方式Equity 权益subordinated debt 次级贷senior debt 优先款（这样专业的名词不认识是很正常的。考场遇到了大家都不会的）a long shot : 很少机会成功的尝试注意：不要用字典的解释去用到翻译中，一定要根据语境来决定具体的表达。Reaching our sales goal this quarter is along shot because of the economy.由于经济原因，本季度我们不太可能完成销售目标.主干识别：A financial vehicle is still a
21、long shot.其他成分：that saw the euro zone take most risk through equity,other governments a bit more through subordinated debt and private-sectorinvestors the least through senior debt定语从句，that=financial vehicle 在翻译的时候一定单独成句。翻译点拨：financial vehicle 不可能发出 saw 的动作，所以不能翻译为：融资方式看见。其实就是指：融资方式是什么样子的；the euro z
22、one take most risk through equity, 后面是并列引起的省略补全后是：other governments take a bit more throughsubordinated debt andprivate-sector investors take the leastthrough senior debt is still a long shot.翻译出来是：欧元区通过普通股票吸收最多的风险，其他政府通过次级贷吸收稍多的风险，而私有行业的投资者则通过优先债吸收最少的风险翻译的时候注意调整语序。参考译文：欧元区通过普通股票吸收最多的风险，其他政府通过次级贷吸收稍
23、多的风险，而私有行业的投资者则通过优先债吸收最少的风险，这种融资模式依然是不太可能实16.The examples of Virtual Vineyards,A, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.词汇突破：interactivity 互动性Hospitality 友好性Security 安全性主
24、干识别：The examples show that+宾语从句；主谓宾结构其他成分：of Virtual Vineyards, A, and other pioneers做 example的同位语我们把其看做为：A of B 的结构，A 为上义词，B 为下义词；这样在翻译的处理中我们不需要生硬的翻译为的例子 ；a Website selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity,hospitality, and security will attract online customers.宾语从句微观解
25、析： sellingthe right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality,and security现在分词短语修饰 a website; 宾语从句主干为：a Website will attract online customers.难点揭秘：由于出现并列使得主语和谓语之间出现了较长的修饰，产生隔离，在宾语从句的后置定语中也出现并列产生隔离，这样了产生了隔离。译文赏析：像 Virtual Vineyards，Amazoncom 这样的先驱网站表明，一个将交互性、服务性和安全性合理结合，且销售正确产
26、品的网站是可以吸引来网上客户的17. Our business has suffered not a little through the war.The effect upon our business of the war has been striking.The war has affected our business to remarkable extent.The war has done our business much harm.The war has rendered our business dull.神奇的是 ，这五个表达的都是一个意思：战争使我们的生活萧条。问题：每
27、个句子分别是五大基本句型中的哪一种？ 18. 昨天的五个句子分别是： Our business has suffered not a little through the war.主谓：The effect upon our business of the war has been striking.主系表 The war has affected our business to remarkable extent.主谓宾 The war has done our business much harm.主谓宾 1宾 2The war has rendered our business dull
28、.主 谓宾 宾补They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers.词汇突破：statistics 数据(写作过程中可以使用固定词伙：statisticsand details)Achievers获得成功的人主干识别：Theygather all the data. 主谓宾结构。其他成分： they can 的完
29、整表达为：thatthey can gather ; 出于简洁的考虑省掉了 that 和 gathernot just performance statistics and biographical details but alsothe results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers 整个部分是 data 的同位语微观解析：同位语中第一部分是 performancestatistics and biographical details第二个部分为：the results of their own laborato
30、ry experiments with high achievers.其中 with high achievers为定语修饰 experiments.难点揭秘：同位语部分出现并列现象造成比较冗长产生阅读难点。译文赏析：他们尽其所能收集了一切数据，这些数据不仅包括表现数据和成长信息，而且也包括了那些表现优异者在实验室中所取得的实验结果。46, She wished to discard the traditional methods and established vocabularies of such dance forms as ballet and to explore the inte
31、rnal sources of human expressiveness.找出并列来:词汇突破：discard 抛弃established vocabularies 已有的词汇expressiveness 表达主干识别：she wished to discard. and to explore (你找对这个并列了吗？一定要注意并列的识别。）其他成分：宾语的并列：the traditional methods and established vocabularies of such dance forms as ballet参考译文：她希望抛弃掉传统的方法和那些舞蹈形式的已有词汇，比如芭蕾等，
32、同时她也希望探索出人类表达的内在资源。 （是不是看译文都看不懂啊，是的，我也看不懂，这不是你英语的问题，是这样的文章我们本来就读不懂。 ）Yet Walzers argument, however deficient , does point to one of the most serious weaknesses of capitalism -namely , that it brings to predominant positions in a society people who, no matter how legitimately they have earned their m
33、aterial rewards, often lack those other qualities that evoke affection or admiration.再来一句：） 词汇突破： argument 论证deficient 不充分namely 比如，that is to say 也就是说affection 爱慕admiration 敬佩 legitimately 合法地主干识别： Walzers argument does point to one of the most serious weaknesses of capitalism 其他成分：, however defici
34、ent , 状语，虽然还不充分that it brings to predominant positions in a society people who, no matter how legitimately they have earned their material rewards, often lack those other qualities that evoke affection or admiration ( 同位语从句，补充说明 weaknesses) 微观分析： it （capitalism）brings to predominant positions in a s
35、ociety people who, no matter how legitimately they have earned their material rewards, often lack those other qualities that evoke affection or admiration.这个同位语从句的难点是语序需要调整一下，调整为：it brings people who often lack those other qualities that evoke affection or admiration to predominant positionsin a soc
36、iety.中间还有一个状语： no matter how legitimately they have earned their material rewards, 结构（ brings people to the positions ）参考译文： 但是 Walzer的论证（虽然还不充分）确实指出了资本主义的严重的缺点，比如：资本主义把这样一些人送到了一个社会中的支配地位。无论这些人是怎样合法的获得了物质的回报，他们都缺乏一些会激发起人们爱慕和钦佩的素质。45. The iPhone represented innovation at its finest, making it the top
37、-selling smartphone soon after it came out and helping to turn Apple into the worlds most valuable company, with a market capitalization that now exceeds $630 billion.【解析】句子主干是“The iPhone represented innovation at its finest”。主句后面跟了两个动名词引导的状语“making it the top-selling smartphone”和“helping to turn Ap
38、ple into the worlds most valuable company。 ”“After it came out”作时间状语从句，修饰“making it the top-selling smartphone “With”结构做定语修饰 company ; a market capitalization (that now exceeds $630 billion 定语从句修饰capitalization）【翻译】iPhone 在最好程度上代表着创新，这使它从面市后就成为智能手机中销售最好的产品，也帮助苹果公司成为世界上最有价值的公司，其市场资本目前已经超过了 6300亿。2.Th
39、e much bigger questions raised by this case are whether all Apples innovations should have been granted a patent in the first place; and the degree to which technology stalwarts and start-ups alike should be able to base their designs on the breakthroughs of others.【翻译】而由这宗诉讼案引发的更大的问题是是否苹果公司所有的创新都应该第一时间获批专利。除此之外，技术中坚分子和创新企业之类在多大程度上可以把自己的设计建立在他人的突破性进展上也是一个问题。【解析】这是一个长句，句子主语是“The much bigger questions， ”谓语动词是系动词“are， ”表语比较长，第一部分是一个由“whether”引导的表语从句。第二部分是短语“the degree， ”其后面紧跟的由“which”引导的限制性定语从句。to 常与 degree连用，如 to some degree表示“某种程度上” 。 在这里，to 是一个介词，需放在 which前面。
