1、2016届高三英语听力分项突破,命题特点提问方式解题技巧,高考听力命题特点,、听力测试是考查学生理解口头语言能力的测试。听力测试的材料比阅读材料要容易，基本上没有超纲的词语（但常会出现一些陌生的人名或地名）。、大多数听力材料来源于英语国家的生活会话，题材广泛，涉及英语国家日常生活的许多方面，具有明显的口语特征，听起来自然真实， 、对话或独白都通过具体语言内容表明一个特定的语境。理解语境是把握所听内容的关键，是理解材料内容的前提。、材料一般由10段左右的对话和独白构成，总词数为850左右。除了一些专有词外，材料中一般没有生词。、答案分布均匀，各选项的答案总数接近于平均值。、语速一般为150170
2、wpm。,考前注意事项,、沉着冷静，精力集中，要有良好的心理素质。考生务必克服紧张情绪，保持良好的心理状态，心情放松，充满自信。不要因为前一题没有听懂而影响情绪，也不要因为某个词没有听懂而苦思冥想，从而影响下面的内容。做题时要果断而决不能犹豫不决，以致造成一步跟不上步步跟不上的情形。,、听前预读有的放矢。考生拿到试卷后利用听之前的时间及题与题之间的间隙时间，快速抢读问题和选项，带着问题有目的的听录音能提高准确率。,3.随听随记，无把握就猜。对于材料中出现的一些数字、地名和人名等关键词，如果觉得没有把握，可以随听随记在草稿纸上，以便回答问题时查用。但是注意不要影响听音。此外，考生还要善于运用自己
3、所获得的信息，根据读音或者上下文进行快速的判断和猜测，进行优化处理。抓住要点，细辨信息。不管是对话还是独白，注意力一定要集中在整体内容的理解上，切不可只停留在个别单词或单句上，听不清马上放弃，不能强迫自己听清每一个单词，要把重点放在听关键词以及与问题有关的内容上。,听力题目设置：一、时间日期题二、数字与数字计算题三、方位地点题四、身份职业题五、人物关系题六、计划行动题七、目的意图题八、观点态度题九、请求建议题十、原因结果题十一、细节理解题十二、推理判断题十三、主旨要义题,二、听中活动(while-listening)时间日期题,必备词汇：hour, minute, year, century,
4、 am, pm, after, before, early, late, delay, month, January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December, week, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday, eleven forty-five, a quarter to twelve, a quarter to twelve, a quarter to ten, ha
5、lf past six, nine twenty常见提问方式：Whats the time now? Whats the time by your watch? When did the woman get home? When was the man born? When will the flight leave? When can you come? What day is today?,1.Whats the time now?A. 10:20 B. 10:05 C. 10:35答案：BW：Excuse me, when is the next bus arriving to the
6、Wildlife Zoo, please?M: Its arriving in about fifteen minutes time. That is to say, its coming at twenty past ten.,2.When will the light be turned off? A. At 10:15 B. At 10:30 C. At 9:45 答案：BW: The light will be turned off in a quarter.M: What time is it now?W: Its ten fifteen.M: Thats OK. Its enoug
7、h to get everything ready.,3.When did the woman get home?A. At 8:35 B. At 9:05 C. At 9:15答案：BM: Did you get home when your daughter did at 8:50 last night?W: No, I was 15 minutes late because of the heavy traffic.,二、数字与数字计算题,数字与数字计算题是听力考试考查的重要内容。和时间日期题一样，它也是考查学生对于细节信息的理解。此类题目涉及的数字主要有年龄、价格、距离、房号、电话号码
8、、数量、门牌号、航班号、车牌号等。数字计算题则通常涉及数学四则运算。例如：How much did the man pay for the bag? A. 45 yuan B.40 yuan C. 50 yuan听力原文：W：How much did you pay for that bag, Mike? M: He wanted to charge me forty-five yuan, but Peter helped me cut five yuan off the price.45元的要价减去5元，是40元，正是手提包的价格，故选B。听力材料中会出现的数字经常会用分数、小数、百分比等来
9、表达，所以要求学生能够很好地辨识。涉及数字计算的听力题目，其计算一般比较简单，关键在于听出数字间的关系。而数字之间的关系往往由词或介词短语来表示，所以捕捉对话中的数字及它们之间的关系信息至关重要。,必备词汇：more，less, late, early, fast, slow, before, after, have, start, begin, spend, miss, leave, increase, add, borrow, lend, times, twice, couple, pair, half, double, quarter ,special offer, special pr
10、ice, one-third of, 20% off, 20% discount, sale, 20% increase in, 20% fall in,提问方式：Whats the total area? How old is Lucy now? How much is the mans bag? How much will it cost? How many people will come? What is the womans number? How far was it from his home to school?,1. How old is Lucy now? A. 17 B.
11、 18 C. 20答案：AM: Lucy is very excited about being old enough to work next year. W: Is Lucy only seventeen? She looks already 20.,2. How much is the mans bag? A. 2.5 B. 4 C. 5答案：CW: My bag only cost 2.5 dollars. I bought it in the shop on the other side of the street.M: Really? But mine was twice as m
12、uch as yours. And I bought it in the same shop?,三、方位地点题,作为听力考试的重点项目，方位地点题的特征非常明显，因为基本上全部的听力问题都是以where开头的特殊疑问句。此类听力题目主要考查学生的推理判断能力，即根据对话中的关键词汇来判断特定地点以及场景。这些场景地点多数都是学生所熟悉的，常见的地点场景有：街道、学校、图书馆、医院、售票处、办公室、商店、车站、饭馆、剧院等。例如：Where does the conversation most likely take place? A. In a public garden B. In a re
13、staurant C. In a shopW: Would you like some chocolate cake, sir?M: Id like to see the menu first.W: OK, here you are.听到录音时，抓住关键词chocolate cake 和menu, 不难判断出谈话发生在饭店，因此选B.,解题技巧,由于此类题目一般不可能从原文中直接听到答案，所以要科学分配注意力，注意抓关键词，并进行相应的联想。例如听到doctor, patient, cold等词， 就想到谈话可能发生在医院；听到price, discount 等词，就想到谈话可能在超市或者商店
14、；听到check in/out, book a room等词，就想到谈话可能发生在旅馆。,必备词汇：医院场景：examine, headache, cold and flu, pill, treatment, emergency邮局场景：mail, stamp, envelope, package, airmail, overweight, postage, send/post/deliver a letter旅馆场景：book a room, a single/double room, make a reservation, reception desk饭店场景：menu, order, b
15、ill, beer, wine, restaurant, dining hall图书馆场景： book, magazine, librarian, bookshelf银行场景：cash, check, bank account, deposit机场、车站场景：flight, take off, land, passport, station, train, time table, passenger超市、商店场景：size, colour, style, supermarket, discount, pay in check, credit card, shop assistant, out
16、of stock, in stoke,常见提问方式：,Welcome on board.Where was Henry?Where does the conversation possible take place?Where are you from?Where are you going to?Where are the two speakers?Where do the speakers live?,1. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. On a playground B. In a street C. At a st
17、ation答案：BW: Stop, stop. Dont you see that the traffic light has turned red?M: Sorry, I didnt see it.,2. Where does the conversation possibly take place? A. At the railway station B. At the airport C. At the shop答案：AW: We cant find David. He is missing! The train is about to start.M: Dont worry. Mayb
18、e he is buying some food at the shop on the platform.,四、身份职业题,作为听力考试中经常出现的题型，身份职业题不但考查了学生对于细节的把握，还考查了对于整体语篇的综合理解能力。例如：Who is Mr. Hopkins probably? A. A sailor B. A captain C. A travelerW: Why do you know so many things about foreign countries, Mr. Hopkins?M: Because I work in a great ship, and I tra
19、vel all over the world under the leadership of our captain.这段对话的信息中心词组是work in a great ship, under the leadership of our captain, 从中考生可以推断Mr. Hopkins 的职业水手，所以选A。解题技巧：由于此类题目的对话中不会直接提到具体职业，只会用一些相关词汇给予暗示，所以要求学生有目的地集中注意力，捕捉到说话人的简短对话中所提供的信息中心词或中心词组，并同时在脑海中搜索相关背景知识，从而判断出目标人物的职业和身份。,必备词汇：salesman, sailor,
20、astronaut, scholar, architect, interpreter, professor, teacher, actor, repairman, doctor, lawyer, nurse, cook, manager, writer, reporter, bookseller, shop assistant, driver, librarian, captain, waiter, waitress, headmaster, boss, singer, musician, guide, police, dancer, journalist,常见的提问方式：Who is the
21、 man/woman? What does woman/man do? What is the man/womans job? What is the man/woman? Where does the man/the woman work?,1. Who is Mr. White probably? A. A repairman B. A salesman C. A professor答案：A M: My radio doesnt work. What do you think I should do?W: Why not call Mr. While?,2. What do you thi
22、nk the woman will most probably be?A. A doctor B. A nurse C. A lawyer答案：BM: What are you going to be after your graduation?W: Im trained to take care of the sick and help doctors with their work in hospitals.,五、人物关系题,人物关系题往往要求学生根据对话内容、说话者说话的语气或所处的情景来确定人物之间的关系。从某方面来看，对对话发生的背景和说话者之间的关系的理解程度，也体现了高中学生对语
23、篇整体输入、整体理解能力的高低。所以，人物关系题在听力测试中所占比重往往较大。例如：Whats the possible relationship between the speakers? A. Teacher and student B. Mother and son C. ClassmatesM: Professor Smith, can I see you after this class?W: Im due at a meeting thenhow about the same time on Friday?从说话者语气可以判断他们关系不是非常亲密，而从关键词professor, a
24、fter this class 可以判断出他们是师生关系，故选A。解题技巧：在解答这一类问题时，要善于捕捉听力材料中的关于场合、环境的关键词汇和特定的表达方式，如Can I help you?无外乎与服务行业有关；Whats wrong with you?和treatment, headache等词往往透露出医患关系，当然对于这些也不能一概而论，也要看实际的对话内容。与此同时，应尽可能揣摩对话人讲话时的语气。夫妻或者家庭成员之间的对话通常语气比较缓和，带有关键词darling, dear等；在一些正式场合，用语比较正式，通常会用到sir, please等词。,必备词汇：Husband and
25、wife: dear, darlingTeacher and student: hand in homework, professor, late for schoolBoss and employee: promotion, fire sb.Waiter and customer: menu, orderParents and kids: daughter, son, mom, dad, quarrel with sb.Shop assistant and customer: colour, size, style, shirt, skirtClassmates: our professor
26、, our teacher, go to school togetherRoommates: share a room, clean, dirtyWorkmates: our boss, colleague,常见提问方式：Who do you think Tom probably is?Whats the probable relationship between the two speakers?Who is the speaker?My foot still hurts.What colour/size/kind do you want?Can I help you?,1. Whats t
27、he relationship between the two speakers? A. Salesman B. Boss and employee C. Doctor and patient答案：CM: Good morning, Mr.s Green. Come in, what can I do for you?W: Well, Im having difficulty sleeping. I often wake up at 3:00 in the morning and I just cant get back to sleep.,2. Whats the possible rela
28、tionship between the speakers?A. Good friends B. Husband and wife C. Boss and employee答案：AW: Hey, John. Its me, Mary.M: Oh, hi, Mary. Whats happening? Are you crying?W: Im cooking. Do you want to come over to my place for dinner?M: That sounds great.,六、计划行动题,计划行动题是听力测试中最常见的题型之一，题目数量也较大。此类题目要求考生根据对话判
29、断特定人物的行为或者计划，即过去做了什么以及将来计划、打算做什么。题目的提问大多是针对行为本身，也有题目会涉及行为的执行者、行为发生的时间、地点等。例如：What will the man do on the weekend? A. Go to the country B. Take his wife to the city C. Take his son to the parkW: Its the weekend again. What are you going to do for the next two days?M: Uh, I planned to drive into the c
30、ity with my son has asked me again and again to take him to the park. I shouldnt let him down.男士的回答中提到的妻子以及去购物的计划为干扰信息，C为正确选项。,解题技巧,此类题目的检测点主要集中在过去、现在、未来的行动层面上，分辨时态十分重要。另一方面，题目中有时会出现数个人物以及其参与的计划或活动，所以还要弄清“谁做什么”，谁是某个具体动作的执行者。听录音时，学生有必要把行动的关键词以及具体执行者记录到纸上，以免混淆。,必备词汇,Program, plan, schedule, intention,
31、 purpose, target, goal, object, destination, want, wish, like, desire, try, will, intend to, change the plan, be going to do, make arrangement, be to, set out to, with the intention of, with the aim of, action plan/project,常见的提问方式,What will the man/woman do?What did the man/woman do?What is the man/
32、woman going to do?What does the man/woman want to go?Where did the man/women go?When did the man/woman go there?When will the man/women go there?What is your future plan?,1. What will the speakers do tomorrow? A. Have a picnic B. Visit the Summer Palace C. Go to the Great Wall答案：AW: Were going to ha
33、ve a picnic near the Summer Palace tomorrow, arent we?M: Yeah. Whatll the weather be like tomorrow?W: Itll be a sunny day.,2. What is the woman going to do after work?A. Go to the Xinhua bookstoreB. See her uncleC. See a doctor答案：BM: How about going to the Xinhua bookstore after work?W: Sorry, I hav
34、e to see my uncle. He is in hospital now.,七、目的意图题,对话作为交际语言，说话者总会有一定的意图或要达到目的，比如提意见、回答问题、表达想法或阐明观点等，所以目的意图题是听力测试的重点考查项目。此类题目考查学生通过理解具体信息领会说话者意图的能力。例如：What does the woman want the man to do? A. Come within 30 minutes B. Check the price C. Tell her the leakW: Can you come and have a look at our gas pip
35、es? There must be a leak somewhere.W: Your name and address, please.W: Anne Smith, 404 First Street.M: OK. Ill be there in half an hour.,听录音时要注意整体把握对话发生的具体情景，抓住关键词gas pipes, leak, 从而判断出女士打电话的意图是维修水管，所以正确答案是B。解题技巧：做题的重点在于注意对情景和语段的整体理解，通过抓关键词弄清楚说话人的意图。对话中的有些意图是明说出来的，但在有些情况下，由于说话人表达意思的方式比较含蓄，真实意图隐含在字里行
36、间，这就需要领会对话的弦外之音，通过语境、语义、语调等推理判断出说话人的真实意图和内涵。,必备词汇,Purpose, intend, objective, goal, aim, intention, motive, notion, wish, desire, hope, expect, want, need, mean, so that, in order to, in order that, so as to, on purpose, with the aim of, interested in, aim at going,常见的提问方式,What is the man trying to
37、do?What do the speakers intend to do?Whats the mans purpose?What does the woman mean?What does the speaker want to tell us? What does the woman want the man to do?What does Lily want to do?,1. What does Lily want to do?A. Dance on the river B. Skate on the river C. Swim in the river,答案：BW: Its a lit
38、tle cold today, isnt it, Tom?M: Hi, Lily! Yes, it is.W: Do you think its safe for me to skate on the river?M: Yes, I think so! The ice of the river is more than one meter thick. It should be strong enough.,2. What is the woman trying to do?（全国卷2009）A. Finish some writing B. Print an article C. Find
39、a newspaper,答案：AM: What are you working on so hard?W: An article for the newspaper. If I am late, it wont get printed until next week.,八、观点态度题,观点态度题在听力测试中是比较重要的一类。此类题目要求学生能够从对话者说话的语音、语调、语气以及谈话内容中，判断出说话者对特定人物或事物的观点、态度。观点态度题可以从多个角度提问，所以具体提问形式也是多种多样的。题目可以分为两类：直接型和推理型。前者可以直接听到答案，而后者则需要考生的推理判断。例如：1.直接型 W
40、hat does the woman think of the conference? A. Very dull B. Very difficult C. Very interesting 听力原文：M：What was the conference like? W: Very interesting. It was called “Saving the earth” and it was all about the damage that is being caused to the world.听到女士说“Very interesting.” 直接可以得到答案，选C.,2. 推理型,Wha
41、t does the woman think of the exhibition?A. It is the best one she has ever been toB. It is the worst one she has ever been toC. It is no better than others听力原文：M：Have you been to the exhibition about planes and satellites?W: Yes, I went there the day before yesterday.M: What do you think of the exh
42、ibition?W: I have never been to a wonderful exhibition than this.从女士的回答可以了解到，她从来没见过比此次更棒的展览，所以选A。,解题技巧,直接题的答案很多时候是原文中一个词或句子的替换。而推理型问题的答案则隐藏在谈话内容之中，需要学生通过说话者的语调、语气来体会，并进行推理和判断。另外，还有注意对话中两个人的态度是否相同，如果不同，要分清各个人的态度，因为这时间题往往问的是其中一个人的态度或看法，不要混淆。,必备词汇:Attitude, opinion, view, standpoint, agree, judgment wa
43、y of thinking, attitude of mind, think of, object to, point of view,常见提问方式：What did the woman think of that?What did the man say about the man?How do they like the city life?Whats the mans attitude to the ladys remark?Whats in the mans favor?What does the man prefer to have?What did the woman object
44、 to?Whats the mans opinion?What did the man feel about the matter?In fact, I disagree.I entirely agree with you.I have no objection to their plan.,1. How does the man feel about the book?A. Interesting B. Difficult C. Very easy,答案：CW: Was the book as good as you expected?M: It was a waste of time an
45、d money. I should have watched TV.,2. How does the man feel about going to school by bike?A. Happy B. Tired C. Worried,答案：AW: Do you live very far from your school?M: About 8 kilometers, but it doesnt seem that far. There is much traffic along this road. Its great to go by bike.,九、请求建议题,请求建议题是听力测试中常
46、见的一类题型。它的特点是，对话的一方陈述问题或事实，另一方提供建议、意见，或者一方表示请求帮助，另一方表示同意或拒绝。此类题目的考查点在于辨清对话中的请求和建议部分。英语中向他人提出建议或请求时，往往采用委婉的方式来表达，有较为固定的句法结构。另外，从选项的特点来看，请求建议题的选项都是动词短语形式，且动词一般为原形或动名词形式，据此可以快速判断题型。例如：What does the woman suggest that the man do? A. Read the instructions B. Try the buttons one by one C. Have the machine
47、repaired,M: This machine has so many buttons. I cant figure out which one makes it run.W: Youd better read the instructions first. Pressing the buttons improperly may cause the machine to break down. M: Oh, thats true. 在女士的谈话中出现了表示建议的句子： Youd better read the instructions first. 而男士的回答中出现了本题的关键句： Oh, thats true.说明男士同意女士的观点，故选A。,解题技巧,在听录音的过程中，首先要注意表示请求或建议的句式或短语，此类句式后面的内容很可能与答案直接相关，因此需重点留意。其次，听录音时要留意对话中的动词，尤其注意选项中的动词在对话中出现的时候，有必要记录一些与该动词相关的重要信息。,
