1、XXXXXX 学院 2011-2012 学年度第二学期期末考试试卷外贸英语精读 A 卷考核方式：闭卷 考试时间：100 分钟题号 一 二 三 四 五 总分 统分人 复查人分数一 、 Vocabulary and Structure (每小题 1 分，共 20 分)1. Mr. Lee felt a little under the weather _ he went to work as usual.A. or B. and C. but D. that2. The pressure on the object in the water changes with the depth. _, t
2、he further down you go, the greater the pressure.A. Namely as B. In other words C. Same as D. Consequently3. _ the government was weak, the army became the virtual ruler of the country.A. Since B. Though C. Therefore D. Furthermore4. Any person over the age of 20 can take _ a driving license.A. out
3、B. off C. in D. on5. The fall in the price is attributed _ a sharp reduction in demand.A. in B. on C. to D. for6. The laws apply _ everyone irrespective of race, creed or color.A. for B. as C. to D. with7. The old man wanted to see nobody _ his grandson.A. other than B. rather than C. more than D. l
4、ess than8. Kindness is one of the old ladys best _.A. feature B. characteristics C. nature D. quality9. The bank _ him $50,000 to assist in his business start-up.A. borrowed B. rent C. loaned D. hired10. The silver mine is no longer _ because the ore is exhausted.A. practical B. feasible C. realisti
5、c D. workable11. Giving presents on Christmas is an _.A. academy B. institute C. college D. institution12. They _ him to be incapable of managing his own affairs.A. regarded B. deemed C. weighed D. deliberated13. The workers on the construction site are paid _.A. by day B. by the day14. He knew _ th
6、at I was a person who could be trusted.A. out of the question B. out of question15. There are three _ of accommodation-standard, executive and de luxe.A. categories B. sorts C. breeds D. selects16. The companys _ is the manufacture of high-performance cars.A. major B. make C. specialization D. speci
7、alty17. Have you made any _ plans?A. extra B. accidental C. additional D. contingency18. The extra cost of traveling to work is _ by the lower price of the houses here.A. paid B. influenced C. offset D. compensated19. She is one of the few lecturers in this department who have _.A. tenure B. length
8、C. expiration D. continuity20. _ pupils are expected to set examples for the younger children.A, Elder B. Senior C. Advanced D. experienced得 分 评卷人专业 班级 姓名 学号 装 订 线 外贸英语精读试题 第 1 页（共 16 页） 外贸英语精读试题 第 2 页（共 16 页）二 、Reading Comprehension (每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分)Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the f
9、ollowing passage.A detailed and thorough research project undertaken by the Open University recently reported that their evidence appears to show that competition between nearby schools does not significantly improve academic standards. Indeed, their report inclines to the opposite outcome; the exam
10、 results may actually decline where competition is fiercest.When the further education sector was “ privatized“ a few years ago, competition between colleges became truly fierce, at least in urban areas where potential students could choose between several of them. Colleges appointed highly paid mar
11、keting directors and gave them large budgets; some even “bribed“ interested students with promises of hundreds of pounds if they completed certain courses satisfactorily.Fully competitive markets being a philosophical foundation of Britains recent governments, it was no surprise to hear claims that
12、many educational developments of the 1990s would move us towards a free market in secondary education-giving youngsters and their parents a free choice of where to study. However, the secondary sector did not become particularly competitive while, admittedly, the consumers have been given more infor
13、mation, which is one aspect of a truly free market. It is very rare that two nearby schools with at least some empty places are similar enough to be comparable yet different enough to be rankable; only where that occurs can there be true competition.The Open University research was probably not flaw
14、ed-but its conclusions are. This is because the team did not really compare areas having true competition (as just defined) with areas that do not.But, let us all breathe a sigh of relief. Secondary schools had started of late to move in the marketing direction-considering allocating scarce resource
15、s of staff and money to persuading the pupils that their schools are the best in the area. No schools could afford to do that properly, so it is a relief to realize this research tells us we dont have to.Competition? We havent got time for it! Lets spend our small budget in teaching and learning, no
16、t in competing and marketing.21. It is indicated in the passage that competition between schools results in .A) higher enrollment rate B) lower academic standardC) higher marketing expenses D) privatization of further education22. Real competition can happen only when .A) academic standard is improv
17、edB) there are comparable schools with different educational qualitiesC) students have different interestsD) schools of all areas have sufficient budget for their development23. According to the passage, the free market in secondary education .A) only provides consumers with more informationB) is mo
18、re competitive than the higher education marketC) means there will be more intensive competition than in collegesD) is a real surprise to Britains recent government24. The author of the passage feels relieved that .A) secondary schools have to market themselvesB) most secondary schools have scarce r
19、esources of staff and moneyC) the research by Open University proves that most secondary schools are the best in its areaD) schools neednt prove that they are the best25. What might be the authors attitude towards competitions between nearby schools?A) The author is in favor of various kinds of comp
20、etition.B) The author is indifferent to any competition and its result.得 分 评卷人外贸英语精读试题 第 3 页（共 16 页） 外贸英语精读试题 第 4 页（共 16 页）C) The author is not certain of the effect of competitions.D) The author is against inter-collegiate competitions.Passage 2Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
21、Going online is a favorite recreation for millions of American children. Almost10 million (14 percent) of Americas 69 million children are online. The Internet both entertains and educates children, however, there are some possible negative consequences for children who access kid-based Web sites. A
22、dvertising on kid-based Web sites has become both a rapidly growing market for consumer companies and a concern for parents. With a click on an icon, children can link to advertisers and be granted tremendous spending power. Children are an important target group for consumer companies. Children und
23、er age 12 spent $14 billion, teenagers another $67 billion, and together they influenced $160 billion of their parents income.Many critics question the appropriateness of targeting children in Internet advertising and press to require that children be treated as a “special case“ by advertisers. Beca
24、use children lack the analytical abilities and judgment of adults, they may be unable to evaluate the accuracy of information they view, or understand that the information they provide to advertisers is really just data collected by an advertiser. Children generally lack the ability to reject the re
25、lease of personal Information to an advertiser, an even greater problem for children when they are offered incentives (刺激)for providing personal information, or when personal information is required before they are allowed to register for various services. Children may not realize that in many cases
26、 these characters provide hotlinks directly to advertising sites.The Internet does present some challenges for advertisers who want to be ethical in their marketing practices. Many advertisers argue that we underestimate(低估)the levels of media awareness shown by children. By the age of seven or eigh
27、t most children can recognize an advertisement and know that its purpose is to sell something and are able to make judgments about the products shown in advertisements. However, this somewhat optimistic and decidedly libertarian view of children runs aground when we realize that they are (like a sur
28、prising number of adults) unable to judge accurately between entertainment and advertising. Adults can fend for themselves but, as marketers, we should be explicit(明确的) about our purpose when advertising to children on the Internet.26. According to the first paragraph, children as an Internet market
29、 .A) are becoming increasingly rationalB) are using Internet at an earlier and earlier ageC) have created a growing advertising marketD) are overtaking the adult market due to their spending power27. Targeting children for advertising is controversial because children .A) are unable to analyze and j
30、udge advertisementsB) are unable to cooperate since they are too youngC) often give off information that may be dangerous to them.D)are not ready to evaluate advertisements or information requests28. Many advertisers defend the targeting of children because .A) no actual sales take place B ) it is u
31、p to parents to monitor their childrenC) children understand what an advertisement is trying to doD)children are provided a game in return for the information29. One reason why children are unable to resist giving personal information on the Internet is that .A) they feel they must follow an adults
32、ordersB) it is presented in connection with entertainmentC) they do not know that the information is going to be read by someoneD) due to their inability to distinguish an advertisement from a non-advertisement30. In the passage the author wants his marketers to understand that .A) advertising to ch
33、ildren must stop 外贸英语精读试题 第 5 页（共 16 页） 外贸英语精读试题 第 6 页（共 16 页）专业 班级 姓名 学号 装 订 线 B) a libertarian view in advertising is unethicalC) advertising to children must have a clear purposeD) children must be treated differently when advertisingPassage 3Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
34、It is a favorable thing to look back at some of the reforms which have long been an accepted part of our life, and to examine the opposition, usually bitter and very strange, sometimes dishonest but all too often honest, which had to be countered by the restless advocates of “grandmotherly“ legislat
35、ion. The reforms treated in this book are not the well-known measureslike the abolishment of slavery, the reform of Parliament, the vote of womenwhich are recorded in the standard history books. Here are some of the less familiar struggles which, with one or two exceptions, social historians have te
36、nded to dismiss briefly. Yet these old controversies give no less revealing an insight into the minds of our grandfathers than do the major issues of the last century. The pulse of a generation can be taken just as effectively by considering its attitudes to the marrying of deceased wives sisters, t
37、o the fetching of fathers beer or even to the sweeping of chimneys. What some of the reforms dealt with were carried out within living memory; none is older than the nineteenth century. They have been selected for the variety of their background and for the fertility (state of being fertile) and sti
38、mulus of the opposition leveled against them.Misguided and complete unreasonable though some of this opposition now appears, it is doubtful whether it will seem any more peculiar, one hundred years hence, than some of the reasons we produce today for continual hardship and injustice. Our ancestors t
39、hought it absurd that wives should wish to keep their own earnings; our descendants may be astonished at our system which forces a man to maintain a woman, sometimes for life, after a hopeless marriage has been disrupted. It is likely that our descendants will derive as much heartless fun from consi
40、deration of our divorce laws, and the reasons we use to defend them, as from the arguments we put forward to excuse the disfigurement of the countryside. They may also think that the indifference of the nineteenth century to death and suffering in the mills was fully matched by that of the twentieth
41、 century to death and suffering on the highways.31. What is the main idea of the passage?A. We can benefit from a careful reflection on the past reform which have become a natural component of our life.B. Some of the opposition to reforms in the past has been very unreasonable.C. Social historians t
42、end to dismiss reforms o a small scale as insignificant.D. Some of the social reforms in the past did not survive the living memory because of their insignificance.32. If this passage is taken from the foreword to a book, which of the following will most probably be discussed extensively in the book
43、?A. The abolishment of slavery in the United States in the 19th centuryB. The reform of Parliament in Britain in the 17th centuryC. The first national constitution against polygamy (一夫多妻制) D. The approval of marriage between a woman and her deceased husbands brother33. What does the author say about
44、 opposition to reforms in the past?A. It was mostly well-intentioned and meant for the public good.B. It was mostly dishonest and aimed only at personal gains.C. It was mostly accepted by the authorities. D. It was mostly unreasonable and misguided.34. How does the author suggest that our descendant
45、s will probably treat our current legal system and social customs?A. They will carry on with our current legal system and social customs with due respect.B. They may consider them unreasonable in most of the cases and discard them totally.C. They may wonder at some of the rules that we take for gran
46、ted today.D. They may thing our current legal system and social customs are better than those in the 19th century.外贸英语精读试题 第 7 页（共 16 页） 外贸英语精读试题 第 8 页（共 16 页）35. What does the word “absurd“ in the fourth line of the last paragraph mean?A. intolerable B. ridiculous C. unbelievable D. unreasonablePas
47、sage 4Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:Public general hospital originated in the almshouse (救济院) infirmaries established as early as colonial times by local governments to care for the poor. Later, in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the infirmary separated fr
48、om the almshouse and became an independent institution supported by local tax money. At the same time, private charity hospitals began to develop. Both private and public hospitals provided mainly food and shelter for the impoverished sick, since there was little that medicine could actually do to c
49、ure illness, and the middle class was treated at home by private physicians.Late in the nineteenth century, the private charity hospital began trying to attract middle-class patients. Although the depression of 1890 stimulated the growth of charitable institutions and an expanding urban population became dependent on assistance, there was a decline in private contributions to these organizations, which forced the
