1、Discovering useful words and expressions,Ex. 1,1. victim,2. physician,3. analyse,4. defeat,5. challenge,6. enquiry,7. pump,8. blame,9. absorb,10. link to,Ex. 2,Simon Lee was a famous footballer but his career came to an end when he developed a _ illness. His doctor _ that Simon had been _ to a new v
2、irus. All attempts by the _ to _ him failed. Simon _ that he would not get better and _ that he must leave football. Finally, he _ that he would make a new career coaching young football players. At his last match all his fans _ and praised him by singing the popular song “Thanks for the memory”.,se
3、vere,suspected,exposed,experts,cure,foresaw,concluded,announced,attended,Ex. 3,make a suggestion make a plan make a speech make a change make an investigate,make a decision make a conclusion make a noise make a description,Discovering useful structures,Ex. 1,1. helping ordinary people exposed to cho
4、lera. (attributive) 2. He immediately told the astonished people (attributive) 3. He became interested in two theories. (predicative) 4. Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood. (predicative),Ex. 2,astonished children a broken vase a closed door the tired audience a trapped animal,seats reser
5、ved by water polluted by a room crowded with a winner pleased with ,Ex. 3,1. He got _ about losing the money. 2. The painter looked so _ after working for a whole day. 3. I was _ with the film I saw last night. I had expected it to be better. 4. Everybody was _ to hear of the death of the famous fil
6、m star. 5. Everybody is really _ about the new Olympic stadiums. 6. His wound became _ with a new virus.,blamed / upset,tired,disappointed,shocked / depressed,excited,infected,在必修4中, 我们已经学习了非谓语动词的-ing形式，在本册书中我们将学习非谓语动词的另一种形式,过去分词,我们将在本册书的前三个单 元讲解过去分词。 本单元我们先学习过去分词作定语和表语。,a lighted candle,一支点燃的蜡烛,a u
7、sed stamp,一枚用过的邮票,Translation,a broken coin,一枚破损的硬币,一名退休教师,a retired teacher,an injured finger,一个受伤的手指,一个醉汉,a drunken man,基本形式和意义,过去分词是动词的一种非限定形式。过去分词兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，可以带补语或受状语修饰。过去分词和补语或状语一起构成过去分词短语。过去分词的基本形式是“动词+-ed”，但也有不规则的形式。,The Past Participle,- Look at the excited boy! Why is he so happy? - He
8、has got the first prize in the contest. - No wonder he is excited!,Look at the dialogue and find the use of the past participle.,Past Participle as the Attribute,Example: So many thousands of terrified people died.,Now find two more examples in the reading passage.,1. But he became inspired when he
9、thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 2. With this evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the disease.,1. 分词可以用作前置定语，此时分词和名词之间有两种语意关系：一种是分词表示主动（但时间上已经过去）；一种是分词表被动。,过去分词作定语,Eg a lost necklace 一条丢失的项链,A 单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义，常作前置定语。,注意：
10、及物动词的过去分词作定语时，有被动意义和完成的意义。 e.g.：stolen car 被盗的轿车 polluted water 污染了的水,a fallen leaves 一片落叶 the risen sun 升起来的太阳 the advanced countries 发达国家 a retired teacher 一名退休教师 by-gone days 过去的岁月,表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词 的过去分词只有完成的意义。,e.g. How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods!我多懊悔在树林浪费的时光啊!I like wearing clothe
11、s made of this kind of cloth我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。,B 过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和 完成意义。,e.g. The books written by Lu Xun arepopular鲁迅写的书很受欢迎。Well go to visit the bridge builthundreds of years ago 我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。,1. He told us of the great wrong done to him. = He told us of the great wrong _ to him.,which had been done,注
12、：本句中的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成。,Change the following past participles into clauses.,2. The United States is a developed country.= The United States is a country _.,which has developed,注:本句中的过去分词作定语，只表示完成。,3. Have you noticed the bridge being builtthere?= Have you noticed the bridge _ there?,which is being bu
13、ilt,注:本句中的过去分词作定语，表示被动的动作正在进行。,过去分词短语有时亦可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train.他们当中有一些人, 生长在农村，从未见过火车。,用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，变成所谓的转移形容语。这种过去分词在形式上不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。 The general stared at him in startled admiration. 将军以惊讶而赞赏的眼光注视着他。,Attent
14、ion,eg. We asked two of Chinas many talented journalists to tell us more about news.I want to write about people addicted to drugs.,过去分词短语用作定语时，一般皆置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句，但较从句简洁，多用于笔语中。,Trucks and buses were driven on gas carried in large bags on the roof.,卡车与公共汽车皆烧煤气，煤气是装在车顶上的袋中。,我们已经学习了动词-ing形式作定
15、语, 这里就有一个问题了, 动词-ed形式作定语和动词-ing 形式作定语有什么区别呢？ 接下来我们就谈谈它们的区别。,1）语态不同 -ing表主动、进行；-ed表被动、完成,-ed 作定语与-ing 作定语的区别：,the changing world the changed world,（正在变化的）,（变化了的）,（正在沸腾的),（已经沸腾过的）,(正在凋谢的),（已经凋谢的）,(发展中的),（发达的）,2）时间关系不同 -ing 表“正在 进行”或“与谓语动词同时进 行”或“经常性”。 -ed 表动作先于谓语动词表示的动作。,Do you know the boy lying unde
16、r the big tree? “Cant you read?”Mary said, angrily pointing to the notice. The woman selling vegetables has gone.,3）及物动词的过去分词与现在分词的被动式都可表示被动, 但-ed表示一个完成了的动作, 而being done多表示一个正在进行的动作。,The problem discussed yesterday has something to do with us.The problem being discussed now has something to do with
17、us.The building being built is our library.,The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B. C., didnt include women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing,考点点拨,简析: 首先, 根据语法分析可知, 待选部分是一个作定语、修饰 The Olympic Games的后置分词短语; 再根据 The Olympic Games 对于动词 play 来说只能是被动承受, 且已完成 (in 77
18、6 B. C.)。因此, 该题应选C。,2. Whats the language _ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak,简析: 该题应选B。测试过去分词作后 置定语表达被动, 等于定语从句 which is spoken。,3. Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited,简析: 该题应选A。测试过去分词作后置 定语
19、表达被动, 等于定语从句who were invited。,4. The computer centre, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened,简析: 该题应选D。测试过去分词短语作 定语放在所修饰的名词后, 可以用非限制 性定语从句“which was opened last year”代替。,5. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign
20、language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written,简析: 该题应选D。测试过去分词作后 置定语表达被动, 等于定语从句that were written。,另外, 分词作状语时, 如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一致时,需要独立主格结构或 with 复合结构来替代。(此时, 也可把该分词看成介词的宾语补足语。),例: The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back.
21、A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied,简析: 很显然, 待选部分的逻辑主语是 his hands, 而不是句子的主语 The murderer, 而 his hands 对于动词 tie来说, 只能是被 动承受。因此, 该题应选D。,Translation work:,令人恐怖的场景 受了惊吓的马 令人失望的孩子 感到失望的孩子,a frightening sight a frightened horse a disappointing child a disappointed child,Past Participle as t
22、he Predicative,Example: But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people.Now find two more examples in the reading passage.,1. 过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处的状态，其前的系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。 Everyone present was very inspired at his speech 听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。 You seem frightened. 你似乎受了惊吓。,过去分词作表语，强调主语的
23、特点或所处的状态；而被动语态中，主语是动词所表示动作的承受者。 This shop is now closed这家商店现在已经关门了。(状态)This shop is closed at 6 pm every day这家商店每天下午6点关门。(动作),2. 过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与被动语态的区别：,过去分词作表语一般用来表示感受或状 态（系动词+过去分词)No wonder he is excited! (predicative),可以用作表语的常见的过去分词有： delighted, disappointed, upset, astonished, excited, frighten
24、ed, experienced, interested, qualified, puzzled, exhausted, satisfied,Complete the sentences using the past participle as the predicative.,1. 丢了钱他自责不已。(get, blame) He _ about losing the money. 2. 你为什么总是看上很疲劳？这些日子睡得好吗？(look tire) Why do you always _ ? Do you sleep well these days?,got blamed,look so
25、tired,3. 我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能好些。 I _ the film I saw last night. I had expected it to be better. 4. 听说那位明星死了，人人都很惊讶。shock Everybody _to hear the death of the famous film star,was disappointed with,was shocked,5. 要去动物园了，孩子们非常兴奋。 The children _ going to the zoo 6. 他的伤口感染了一种新病毒。(infect) His wound _ with a
26、 new virus,are really excited about,became infected,1. _ in the traffic accident _ taken to hospital.A. An injured, was B. The injured, hasC. The injuring, were D. The injured, have been,Choose the best answer.,2. The girl _ forward to buying a new gold watch.A. referred to look B. referred to looki
27、ngC. referred to looks D. referring to looks,3. From the date _ on the gold coin,we decided that it was made 500 years ago. A. marking B. marked C. to be marked D. having been marked,4. Experts think that we need to eat meat because it contains vitamins and minerals _ in vegetables. A. not finding B
28、. not to be found C. not found D. which is not found,5. The business of on-line shopping sofar has been _ for the sellers whoare already offering their services.A. disappointed B. disappointing C. disappoint D. to be disappointed,Unit 1,Using Language,movementbackwardspinenthusiasticcautiousrejectun
29、iverse,n. 移动; 运动; 动作 adv. 世界,(be) strict with make sense,对严格的 讲得通; 有意义,Expressions preview,神舟6号,费俊龙聂海胜被授予英雄航天员荣誉称号,神舟6号,Who is the famous rocket expert in China?,Qian Xuesen,Qian Xuesen is one of the best-known scientists in China. His work has been very important for the development of China.,What
30、do you know about Qian Xuesen?,1. Before you listen to the tape, look at the screen and read the new words in the material : astronomer (天文学家) astronaut (宇航员)institute (研究所),2. Listen to Parts 1 and 2 of the tape for the first time and write down the main idea.,A. Qian Xuesen a great Chinese scienti
31、st B. Qian Xuesen father of the Chinese space programme C. Our dream to land on the Mars,3. Now listen to Part 1 again and answer these questions. 1. What did Qian Xuesen study first?He first studied to be an engineer. 2. What experience did he get in America that was very useful for China?He began
32、to work on space rockets so that he was able to develop a space programme when he came back to China. 3. What was Qian Xuesens achievement when he returned to China from America?He set up a space institute to begin training people in how to design and build rockets. 4. How has he been honored in Chi
33、na?The father of the Chinese space programme 5. How would Steve honor him?He would put Qian Xuesens picture on Mars,4. Listen to Part 2 and fill in the chart below.,1. astronauts in space,2. satellites in pace,1. become a rocket scientists,2. be the first to land on Mars,A GREAT CHINESE SCIENTISTFat
34、her of the Chinese space programmeYu Ping (YP) is talking to her friend Steve Smith (SS) about Qian Xuesen and his work as a rocket scientist. Part One YP: What do you want to be when you grow up, Steve? SS: I want to be an astronomer and visit stars. I wish to visit Mars one day. YP: I think Id lik
35、e to work in the space industry too. Id like to be a rocket scientist like Qian Xuesen. SS: What did he have to do to become a rocket scientist? YP: Well, he first studied at university to be an engineer. Later he went to America to study for his doctors degree. It was then he began to work on rocke
36、ts. SS: So it was lucky for our space programme that he came back to China. YP: Very much so. There was no work on space rockets in China before he began his institute to design and build rockets to go into space. Part 2 SS: Do you think he wanted to travel into space in one of his rockets? YP: I ha
37、ve no idea but I believe he looked forward to the first space flight by a Chinese astronaut. SS: Yes. Now that China has sent satellites into space. I hope well be the first to land on Mars. That would really be something special and if I were that astronaut I would put Qian Xuesens picture on Mars
38、to show how much we admire his work. YP: Indeed. He is rightly called the father of the Chinese space programme. He is my hero and he is why I want to be a rocket scientist. SS: Well, wed better get on with our homework. We need good grades to get into university. YP: Right you are. See you, then. S
39、S: See you.,COPERNICUS REVOLUTIONARY THEORY,Do you know what is the center of the solar system? Can you name the nine planets in the solar system?,Warming up,Nine Planets In the Solar System,.,水星,金星,地球,火星,木星,天王星,海王星,冥王星,土星,My Very Easy Method: Just Set Up Nine Planets.,Ptolemy 托勒密(公元2世纪的古希腊天文学家、地理学家
40、、数学家,地心说的创立者),Zhang Heng 张衡,Do you know any famous person in the field of space and universe?,Galileo 伽利略(1564-1642,意大利物理及天文学家),Copernicus 哥白尼(1473-1543,波兰天文学家,现代天文学创始人),Hubble 哈勃,Stephen Hawking 史蒂芬霍金,Copernicus,We know the first scientist is Copernicus. He was one of the first scientists to use ma
41、thematical observations to collect information. He believed the sun is the center of the universe and the earth and other planets went around it. The chart on P.7 shows his theory.,Observe the Mars from the earth in different time.,confuse ones mind make sense in the sky punish sb. for sth. suggest
42、such an idea make the world for that reason move backward go forward in a loop appear bright go round think long and hard about find an answer collect observations of use ones knowledge to,使某人心烦意乱 有道理；讲得通 在天空中 为某事惩罚某人 暗示这样一个想法/主意 创造世界 由于这种原因 往后移动 成环状向前移动 显得明亮 围绕旋转 苦思冥想 找到答案 收集观测到的数据 用某人的知识去做,Useful
43、expressions for reading,work on show privately to make change to placeat the center of in the movement of在 be enthusiastic for (about) sth. publish ones idea be attacked by lie dying reject ones theory be against ones idea build on the base of replace the idea of fall to earth a direct link betweena
44、nd ,致力于 私下里将给看 对作出修改 将放在的中心位置 的运动中 对某事热心 将某人的想法公诸于众 遭到的攻击 在临终前 拒绝接受某人的理论 违背某人的观点 将建立在的基础上 改变/取代的看法/观念 掉落到地上 与间的直接联系,1. At Copernicus time, Christian Church was in charge of many western countries. 2. Copernicus noticed that observed from the earth, some planets appear in front of or behind the earth
45、. 3. Copernicus didnt show his new theory to his friends until he completed it. 4. His friends were not interested in his ideas. 5. Since he was not afraid of being attacked by the Christian Church, Copernicus published his book immediately he finished working on it.6. Newton, Einstein, and Hawking
46、are all scientists who made contributions to the study of the universe.,Listen to the passage, and tell whether the following statements are True or False.,The solar system with the earth at its centre,The solar system with the sun as its centre,Read carefully and try to draw the two theories of the
47、 universe.,Reading comprehension. 1. Nicolaus Copernicus felt frightened because_. A. his conclusion was against the Christian Churchs theory.B. the Christian Church would punish him by killing himC. he thought the world would come to an endD. he thought the Christian Church had cheated the whole wo
48、rld. 2. The possible reason why the Christian Church insisted that the earth was the center of the solar system might be_. A. it was God that created the world and human beingsB. whatever the Christian Church said could never be changedC. the Christian Church tried to cover the truthD. that the eart
49、h was the center of the world was actually true 3. Copernicus disproved the opinion that the earth was the center of the earth by describing _. A. the way of some planets movement and the location of the planets B. the distance of the planets in between and the different brightness of the planets C. the different direction of the planets movement and their different brightness at different timeD. the size and the movement of some planets,
