1、形容词及形容词词组教学目的：了解形容词的分类；掌握形容词的用法及功能教学重点：形容词的用法教学难点：形容词的位置学时数：一、形容词分类形容词是一种开放词类，在句中主要作修饰成分。形容词主要分为单词形容词，等级形容词和非等级形容词。1依词的构成划分：单词形容词（One-word Adjective）和复合形容词（Compound Adjective）由一个自由词素构成，如：boy, kind1）单词形容词自由词素+前（后）缀构成，如：boyish, unkindadj.+adj. red-hot 炽热的；dark-green 深绿色的adj./adv.+-ing easy-going 随和的；g
2、ood-looking好看的adj./adv.+-ed new-born 新生的；ready-cooked 烧好的2）复合形容词 n.+adj. sea-sick 晕船的；ice-cold 冰冷的n.+-ing man-eating 吃人的； epoch-making 划时代的n.+-ed heart-broken 伤心的；ice-covered 结冰的adj.+n.+-ed gray-haired 白发的；one-eyed 独眼的2. 依句法功能划分：中心形容词（Central Adjective）和外围形容词（Peripheral Adjective）1）中心形容词：既能作名词修饰语又能作
3、主补和宾补的形容词e.g. Green apples are sour (作名词修饰语)Pillar-boxes are green. (作主语补语)They have painted the windows green. (作宾语补足语)2）外围形容词：只能作修饰语或者只能作补语的形容词。如，utter 只能作修饰语不能作补语：This is utter nonsense. ()The nonsense is utter. ()又如 asleep 只能作补语不能作修饰语：This child is asleep. ()This is an asleep child. ()3. 依词汇意义划分
4、：动态形容词（Dynamic Adjective）和静态形容词（Stative Adjective）1) 静态形容词：描写人或物的静态特征，如，tall, short, small, big, beautiful, ugly 等，大多数形容词都是静态形容词。2）动态形容词：含有动作含义，如，clever, cheerful, dull, gentle, generous, helpful, patient, witty, etc.3) 动态形容词和静态形容词的特征对比：a) 动态形容词可与动 be 的进行体搭配作补语，而静态形容词则不可以。e.g. She is being witty. ()
5、 She is being tall. ()b) 动态形容词可用于由动词 be 开始的祈使句，而静态形容词则不可以。e.g. Be patient! () Be pretty. ()c) 动态形容词可用于使役结构（Caustative Construction） ，而静态形容词则不可以。e.g. I persuaded her to be generous. () I persuaded her to be pretty. ()二、形容词的功能1. 作定语形容词作定语一般修饰名词，形容词通常前置，但有时也可后置，如：It was a rainy day.Someone else has don
6、e it.1) 前置定语当名词中心词前出现几个属于不同层次的形容词作修饰语时，常常涉及词序问题，排列顺序大致如下： （1）可以置于冠词前的形容词：all, both, such 等；（2）冠词、指示代词、所有格形容词、不定形容词：a, an, the, this, those, your, his, our, any, some 等； （3）序数词：first, second, third 等； （4）基数词：one, two, three 等；表示 （5）性质、状态、质量的形容词：nice, good, sweet, useful 等； （6）表示大小、长短、形状的形容词：big, smal
7、l, square, round 等；（7）表示年龄、新旧、温度的形容词：young, new, old, cold, hot 等；（8）表示颜色的形容词:blue, white, brown 等； （9）表示国籍、产地、区域的形容词：Chinese, American 等； （10）表示材料、用作形容词的名词：iron, oil, stone, silk 等； （11）分词：floating, handmade 等 （口诀：all 等代冠数前置，描大形新颜国材）e.g. a large antique brown and white German beer-mug 译：一只德国古代棕白两色的
8、大啤酒杯 a weak small spare old man 一个瘦弱的小老头 a well-known German medical school 一所著名的德国医学院 an interesting little red French oil painting 一幅有趣的小型法国油画 his first two interesting little red French oil paintings 他的前两幅有趣的小型法国油画Ex. Radio, television and press_ of conveying news as information. A) are the most
9、three common means B) are the most three common means C) are the three most common means D) are three the most common means 2）后置定语形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前，但是在下列情况下作定语的形容词却要位于所修饰的名词之后：a) 形容词短语作定语时要后置。如：I think he is a man suitable for the job. 我认为他是适合做这项工作的人。We need a place twice larger than this one. 我们需要一
10、个比这里大一倍的地方。b) 表语形容词作定语要后置。如：He spoke like a man afraid. 他说话时像是很害怕似的。He must be the best violinist alive. 他一定是当代最好的小提琴手了。c) 受修饰复合不定代词时后置。如：Tell me something interesting. 给我说些有意思的事。Anyone intelligent can do it. 任何有头脑的人都能做这件事。2. 作补语形容词作主语补足语和宾语补足语时，可以表示其现状、状态，也可以表示某一动作的结果（如 knock sb. Senseless）, 并常用在表示
11、“认为，看待”的动词如 believe, prove, consider 等后。例如：The news made her very sad. （宾语补足语）He died young. （主语补足语）The bottle was found empty. （主语补足语）The facts proved his accusation groundless.（宾语补足语）3. 作状语形容词（短语）可作状语，其位置可以是举手、句中和句末；形容词作状语时，可以看作是“being+形容词”结构或 when、if、because 等从句的省略，表示时间、方式、原因、伴随、让步、强调、条件等，或对主语进行解
12、释，说明主语是什么一种情况；或进行强调。例如：Ripe, the oranges will sell at a good price.（时间）Alice tiptoed to the bed, careful not to wake the baby.（方式）Eager to see the sunrise, they got up at four.（原因）Breathless, she rushed in through the back door.（伴随情况）Large or small, all countries are equal.（让步）John is big and busy.（
13、强调，=very busy）4. 作表语形容词一般用在系动词 be 后作表语，如：The birds song is very sweet.在下列三类系动词或感官动词后，要用形容词作表语，不可用副词。1）表示“是、在”的动词要求用形容词作表语remain, keep 持续在，continue 继续在，stay 保持，stand，lie 位于等。He remained silent at the meeting.2）表示“变成，成为”的动词要求用形容词作表语grow, turn, get 变成，run 很快变成，come 果然变成，等。Her dream has come true.（不可用 t
14、ruly）3）感觉、感官动词要求用形容词作表语see, appear, look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等。It sounds nicely. ()It sounds nice. ()He looked angrily at him. ()He looked angry. ()5. 作主语1）形容词可以用作主语，往往成对使用，具有名词化的特点。Old and young joined in the discussion.Rich or poor meant the same to him.Careful and careless are as different
15、 as fire and water.2）某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungryThe poor are losing hope.3）有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。The English have wonderful sense of humor.Note：形容词还可用作宾语They cant tell right from wrong.Children should be taught to know good fr
16、om wrong.6. 作感叹语有些形容词可用作感叹语，表示某种情绪。例如：Very good! Say it again.Shocking! Ive never heard of such a thing.Wonderful! Sing us another song.Stupid! He mist be crazy.三、-ed 形容词与-ing 形容词的用法区别1. 以后缀-ed 结尾的形容词如 ashamed, delighted, excited, frightened, interested, moved, pleased, surprised, worried 等)通常用于说明人，
17、不用于说明事物，即使它们所修饰的名词是事物，那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。如：He had a pleased smile on his face. 他脸上露出了满意的微笑。He told me the news in a very excited voice. 他告诉了我这个消息，声音很激动。第一句中的 a pleased smile 意为“满意的微笑” ，它指的是某人因感到满意发出的微笑；第二句中的 excited voice 指的是“激动的声音” ，即指的是带有这种声音的某人感到激动。Note：原则上，-ed 形容词通常直接用于说明人，若修饰事物，则多为 air(神态), appear
18、ance(外貌), cry(哭声), face(表情), voice(声音), mood(情绪)等与显示某人的情感状况的名词。2. 以后缀-ing 结尾的形容词(如 delighting, exciting, frightening, interesting, moving, surprising, worrying 等)主要用于说明事物，表示事物的性质或特征，若用它们说明人，则表示此人具有此性质或特征。如：The story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。The man is very interesting. 这个人很有趣。四、形容词的级1. 形容词级的构成1）
19、-er 和-est 型单音节形容词和部分双音节形容词在词尾加-er 和-est 构成比较级和最高级。brightbrighterbrightest thinthinnerthinnest（双写 n）simplesimplersimplest（直接加 r 或 st）prettyprettierprettiest（先变 y 为 i） greygreyergreyest2）more 和 most 型多音节形容词在原级前面加 more 和 most 构成比较级和最高级。如：digestiblemore digestiblemost digestibleimportantmore importantmo
20、st important3）变化不规则的比较级和最高级2形容词级的用法 1）形容词比较级的用法形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较,其结构形式如下: 主语+谓语(系动词)+ 形容词比较级+than+ 对比成分。 也就是, 含有形容词比较级的主句+than+从句。注意从句常常省去意义上和主句相同的部分, 而只剩下对比的成分。 Our teacher is taller than we are. 我们老师的个子比我们的高。 It is warmer today than it was yesterday. 今天的天气比昨天暖和。原级 比较级 最高级little less（比较少的） leastle
21、sser（次要的）older oldestold elder eldestfarther farthestfar further furthestbad worse worstill worse worstgood better bestwell better bestlate later（较迟） latest（最新的）latter（后者的） last（最后的）near nearer nearest（最近的）next（下一个）many(much) more mostThis picture is more beautiful than that one. 这张照片比那张照片漂亮。 This m
22、eeting is less important than that one. 这次会议不如那次会议重要。 The sun is much bigger than the moon. 太阳比月亮大得多。 2）形容词最高级的用法 形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较, 其结构形式为: 主语+谓语(系动词)+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句。 She is the best student in her class. 她是班上最好的学生。 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.3）形容词级的特殊用法a. most 同形容词
23、连用而不用 the，表示 “极，很，非常, 十分” 。 Its most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。 I cannot do it, its most difficult. 我干不了这件事，太难了。b. “The+形容词比较级., the+形容词比较级.”表示 “越. 就越.” 。The more you study, the more you know. 你学的越多, 就知道的越多。The more I have, the more I want. 我越有就越想要有。 The more, the better. 越多越好。c. “形容词比较级 + and +
24、形容词比较级” ， 表示“越来越. ” 。 Its getting hotter and hotter. 天气越来越热了. Its pity he is getting poorer and poorer. 真可怜他越来越穷了。 The computer is cheaper and cheaper. 计算机越来越便宜。 The more and more people focus on the meeting next year. 越来越多的人关注明年的会议。d. 主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。 This box is as big as mine.
25、这个盒子和我的一样大。 This coat is as cheap as that one. 这件衣服同那件衣服一样便宜。 I study English as hard as my brother. 我同我兄弟一样学习努力。3没有比较级和最高级的形容词有些形容词（副词）一般不用来比较，本身已具有无法比较的含义，有下面几种情况。1）表示“完全、特别”等意义的形容词（副词）omnipresent 无所不在的，final，fatal 致命的，hopeless，fatherless无父的，perfect(ly)，totally(ly)，itter(ly)完全的（地） ，full，empty2）表示“
26、极限，主次”等的形容词（副词）chief(ly)，extreme(ly)，infinite，main，major，interior，basic，fundamental，first，most3）表示“几何形状”等的形容词（副词）angular 角形的，level 水平的，oval 椭圆形的，vertical 垂直的，triangular 三角形的，straight4）表示“处所、方位、时间”的形容词（副词）ahead，daily，weekly，here，now，then，outside，future，once，there5）表示“状态”的形容词agape 目瞪口呆的，float，aghast 吓
27、呆的，alight 烧着的，ashore，asleep，averse，awake，deaf，dumb6）表示“性质、材料、国籍”等的形容词American，atomic，economic，earthen 泥土做的，fascist，golden，sonic 声音的，wooden，silken 丝的，silvern 银质的，void，illegal，mortal7) 表示“独一无二”的形容词invincible，mere，only，single，sheer，sole8）表示“强调”的形容词barely，favourite，hardly，own，scarcely，very9）junior 等词下面几
28、个形容词没有比较级和最高级，用同 to 连用，而不同 than 连用：junior，senior，inferior，superior，prior，posterior，anterior五、专项练习（一）单项选择1. The air in Beijing is getting much _ now than a few years ago.A. clean B. cleaner C. cleanest D. the cleanest2. My moon cake is nicer _ his.A. like B. with C. for D. than3. This physics problem
29、 is _ and I can do it _.A. easy; easily B. easily; easily C. easy; easy D. easily; easy4. Tom is six and he is _ his sister Jane. How old is Jane?-Three.A. twice as old as B. two years older than C. three years younger than D. as old as5. My cousin is very busy with his work. He has _ time to read n
30、ewspapers.A. little B. few C. a little D. a few6. Can you guess who will be the first to cross the finish line?-Sandy. Jane didnt run as fast _ she did last time.A. than B. so C. that D. as7. This pen is _ than that one.A. more cheaper B. cheap C. much cheaper D. much cheap8. Jane, its time to go to
31、 school. Get up and have breakfast.-But I am not feeling _. I dont feel like eating anything.A. bad B. good C. well D. badly9. So _ homework really makes the students feel tired.A. much B. many C. little D. few10. Who has _ apples now, Jim, Lily or Lucy?A. much B. biggest C. better D. the most11. Bi
32、ll Jumped _ than any other player in the sports meeting.A. tall B. taller C. high D. higher12. Dont worry. He is _ to take care of little Betty.A. carefully enough B. enough carefully C. careful enough D. enough carefully13. Look! Its raining _. What a _ rain!A. heavy; heavily B. heavily; heavy C. l
33、oudly; big D. hard; light14. Write _ and try not to make any mistakes.A. as careful as possible B. as carefully ad you can C. most careful D. more careful15. 100,000 pounds is a large amount of money, but its _ than we need.A. a little more B. very little C. more less D. far less16. Basketball is a
34、kind of _ sport. You cant win the match by yourself.A. popular B. exciting C. enjoyable D. team17. Its cold. We must keep all the windows _.A. close B. to close C. closing D. closed18. I think maths is the second _ subject of all.A. important B. more important C. most important D. the most important
35、19. Professor Mott lived in a _ hotel when he was in Beijing.A. five-stars B. five-tar C. five stars D. five stars20. Will your mother _ you if you _ the English exam?-Of course not, because I am trying my best.A. be angry with; dont pass B. be angry with; wont pass C. be angry to; dont pass D. be a
36、ngry to; wont pass21. The little girl was afraid of staying _ in the _ house.A. alone; alone B. alone; lonely C. lonely; lonely D. lone; alone22. He would like to help hi _ friend speak _.A. America; Chinese B. American; Chinese C. American; Chin D. America; China23. How is the weather today?- _.A.
37、Weather fine B. Its windy C. They are nice D. Good24. This book is very _ and I am _ in it.A. interesting; interest B. interesting; interested C. interested; interesting D. interested; interested25. Its nothing serious. Youve just caught _ a cold.A. a bit B. a bit of C. a little D. a little ofAnswer
38、s：BDAAA DCCAD DCBBD DDCBA BBBBB（二）辨认错误1. Of these alternatives I prefer the formal but she prefers the latter.A B C D2. The economics difficulties of the country are not to be made light of.A B C D3. The situation there looked so seriously that it seemed as if the Third World War A Bmight break out
39、at any timeC D4. Thomes Jefferson was very ambition and served his country in several different A B C Dcapacities.5. The salad tasted so well that my brother returned to the salad bar for another A B C Dhelping.6. Even though she looks very young, she is twice older than my twenty-year-old A B C Dsi
40、ster.7. Feeling impatiently for someone to return and give him an answer, the student A Bpaced up and down the hall.C D8. He looked differently after his return from America.A B C DAnswers: 1. C (former), 2. A (economic), 3. B (serious), 4. A (ambitious), 5. A (so good), 6. C (twice as old as), 7. A
41、 (important), 8. B (different)六、自测练习1. Physics is _to the science which was called natural philosophy in history. A) alike B) equivalent C) likely D) uniform2. The president made a _speech at the opening ceremony of the sports meeting, which encouraged the sportsmen greatly. A) vigorous B) tedious C
42、) flat D) harsh3. It is reported that _adopted children want to know who their natural parents are. A) the most B) most of C) most D) the most of4. Convenient foods which are already prepared for cooking are _ in grocery stores. A) ready B) approaching C) probable D) available5. In general, the amou
43、nt that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth of the total _ for living expenses. A) acceptable B) available C) advisable D) applicable6. Since the matter was extremely _, we dealt with it immediately. A) tough B) tense C) urgent D) instant7. The shy girl felt _ and uncomfortable
44、when he couldnt answer the teachers questions. A) amazed B) awkward C) curious D) amused8. The patients health failed to such an extent that he was putsintos_care.A) tense B) rigid C) intensive D) tight 9. Our new house is very _for me as I can get to the office in five minutes. A) adaptable B) conv
45、enient C) available D) comfortable10. The words of his old teacher left a _ impression on his mind. He is still influenced by him. A) long B) lively C) lasting D) liberal11. It is our _policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means. A) consistent B) continuous C) considered D) continual12.
46、 He is _about his chance of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year. A) optimistic B) optional C) outstanding D) obvious13. She cooked the meal for a long time so as to make it _enough to eat. A) mild B) slight C) light D) tender14. Young people are not _to stand and look at works of arts; th
47、ey want art they can participate in. A) conservative B) content C) confident D) generous15. It is said that the math teacher seems _towards bright students. A) partial B) beneficial C) preferable D) liable16. In-groups to show his boss what a careful worker he was, he took _trouble over the figures. A) extensive B) spare C) extra D) supreme17. All the key words in the article are printed in _ type s
