1、一、语音外国人说英语与中国人说汉语运气的方式与位置不一样。外国人说英语很有力道，气一般都提起来了，大致在胸腔附近。而中国人说汉语则很少提气，把气一般都放在腹腔以下，所以感觉外国人说话声音相对很饱满，有种用“美声”说话的感觉，而中国人则不然。这点是大家在说英语时应特别感受和注意的。1.易混音：i:i 长音发得不够长，短音发得不够短。如：ship-sheep; shit-sheete 嘴形大小不到位。如：pat-pet; bad-bedeai；: au 单元音发得不够短，双元音发得不够饱满。如：press-price; smell-smile; sauce-southie 容易发音不清楚，将其区别
2、弱化或忽略。如：really-rarely; beer-bearwv 嘴形不到位。如：wave; vowel; very wellr 容易与汉语拼音混淆。如：garage; mirror; measuresq；z 注意舌头的具体位置，多加练习。建议：大家在语音练习过程当中尽量将音标发得饱满和夸张，这样在真正用英语进行对话的时候不会由于紧张导致说出的英语含混不清，让人听不懂。2.发音规律：1）听力中的元音。试比较 bar 和 bath 的区别。Bar 中由于有“r”因 而有卷舌音，读成ar,bath 中“a”在“th”前（在 f、n、s 之前也有这种用法） ，通常读作。许多人在发音的时候经常由于
3、嘴形做不大而导致发音不标准，说出来的英语也不尽人意。很明显，a:在美音中常演变成ar、两个音。例：ar: far dark march hard mark start park: last fast master glass class cant2) 听力中的元音长短问题。试比较 beach 和 bitch 的区别。前者中i:和后者中的 i是很多人经常读错的，除此之外还有u:和u 的区别， 如说“我吃饱了”：“Im full”,别不小心读成了“Im fool”(我是个蠢货 )。例： sheet shit；leave live；seat sit；leap lip；pull pool3) 音标 在
4、语音中的变化。试比较 court 和 caught 的发音。二者的音标均为k:t,而在口语中前者的“our”常读作r:,而后者中 的“au”则读作a: ，即在发音时向a过度。例： r: door more foor nora: bought all ball dawn（与 down 区别）4) 元音 在口语中的变化。通常在口语中有“O”字母发 的单词常被发作 音。例： box fox bottle god job当然也有一些是例外的，例如： boss dog lost5) 美音中辅音与汉语拼音中声母的比较。在英语中有bpm等，汉语中也有。英语中叫辅音，而汉语中叫声母。汉语声母后面总是有韵母出现
5、，所以从来没有声母单独发音的情况。可是英语辅音是压迫出声的，气流冲破感要强得多，如果我们仍用发声母的习惯去发英语辅音，那么会有“波”“ 泼”“摸”之类的音出现，cat 会发成“凯特”，book 会发成“布克”等等。这就是明显的中式英语，所以应特别注意英语辅音中发音时的气流冲破感。6)美音中的“r” 字母卷舌的标志一般而言美音中除了 Mrs 中的 s 不卷舌以外，只要含字母 r 的单词均需要卷舌，而英音中则可以不卷舌。这有些类似于汉语中的儿化音。要特别注意的是英语中的 r 和汉语中的 r 是不一样的。如不能把“rose”读成“肉丝”，把“road”读成“肉的” 。例： red read fire
6、 warm yesterday wrap worry etc.当然话说回来这种卷舌现象是很严格的，不含 r 的单词中是一定不能出现卷舌的（英音美音都一样） 。例： idea china salad America breakfast etc.7) 摩擦音、和辅音连缀tr、dr，对于这些音标，应当重点注意其嘴形和牙齿的位置。在这只给出一些例子供练习。: birds beds goods : students boots lots: church which watch : judge jam joy jointr: tree travel try truth dr: dream dress dr
7、y drive二、单词见的连读、叠合音、失爆音、重读1单词间的连读1）辅音与元音间的连读：当前面的单词以辅音结尾，紧随其后的单词以元音开头，这时将前面的辅音与后面的元音连在一起，像是构成了一个音节一样得读出来，以使语言更具有流畅自然的特点。然而这样的连读在听力中也确实给我们带来了比较大的麻烦！Read and Practise:take after take it easy look out of it get out of it a bottle of beer a great deal of rIts easy. Hes died after all.I have lots of frie
8、nds. Lets get together again.Lets eat the pizza. You ask for it.(=It serves you right.)l zShe can tell us. Hes angry.Fill out this application. Shes in trouble.Hes as tall as you are. Wheres our sox?(sox=socks)m nAm I crazy? You can ask later.Please come in. Im afraid I may have to hang up.What time
9、 is it? Rome wasnt built in a day.练习：(1) Ill think it over. (2) well put it off until tomorrow. (3) Ive had it with this business. (4) Ive got a lot of work to do (5) Are you out of your mind?2) 元音与元音间的连读（元音间的过度）： 前面单词以元音 e、i 或i:结尾，紧随其后的单词以元音开头，这时在这两个单词之间出现半元音j作为过度。 前面单词以元音u或u:结尾，紧随其后的单词以元音开头，这时在这两个
10、词之间出现半元音w作为过度。 人们往往在以a或 结尾的词后面加上r 音，以便和后一个词的起首元音连读。Read and Practise:be on time any other weigh it up day in and day out who else try again too often drama and music just do itI can see it.j You saw it by yourself?w You can copy it.jI have a banana and an apple.r练习：(1) Make sure you pay up until the
11、 end of the month.(2) Be on time for your first appointment.(3) Do you care for coffee or tea?(4) If you know it, youd better say it.2.叠合音与失爆音：1）叠合音的掌握关键在于对辅音耸起的把握。Read and Practise:bad desk good day deep pond black coffee keep pace like candy You ate too much. I dont know what to do. My friend did
12、it.Grab Bob and get him for me! He wears a fresh shirt.A big game was played between the two parties.2)关于失去爆破的问题，一定是“爆破音”才会“失去”，爆破音失去爆破并不是简单的失音，而是发音过程当中少了一个环节，因此掌握六个爆破音（b p k g t d）及其发音要领对于学习和掌握失爆是很重要的。Read and Practise:lap dog mad man bad guy sweet lips patent right bad newsto stand tall a prince o
13、n a white horse put it downI have read the book. Lets talk over coffee. You need to watch your mouth. Lend me your black bag. You have the last word.(=You are the boss./Its up to you.) Ask Bob to sit behind me. 3.弱读与略读：语法性虚词是被略读的对象，实词很少被略读。语法词在英语中的大量运用，使弱读和略读现象在口语会话中极为普遍，而且在听力中给同学们造成了不少的麻烦，请大家给予足够重视
14、。Read and Practise:a boy an apple n as usual z sooner or later r pen and later n more and more r sink or swim rWould you like coffee or tea?d rHe is as tall as his brother.z zCan you send him a message?knim Shall we start now?4.简单的重音问题： 1） noun verb import(进口) import(向进口)export(出口) export(向出口)presen
15、t(礼物) present(出席、赠与)record(唱片) record(录唱片、作记录)object(实物) object(反对)2） drama(戏剧) universe(宇宙) biography(传记)dramatic(戏剧化的 ) universal(全球的) biographical(传记体的)三、综合练习1.A thousand times no! 2.It is not a big deal! 3.How about eating out?4. Stay away from him. 5.Its up in the air. 6.Dont make up a story.7.
16、Give a lark to catch a kite. 8.You piss me off.（你拿我开涮呢！）9.Get outa my life! 10.You ask for it!(你自找麻烦、活该！)11.Youre just a good for nothing bum.(无业游民 )12.For here or to go? 13.Shes such a brown-nose.14.Did you come up with any ideas?一些英文绕口令对于大家练习英语的发音、连读、弱读、略读和流利度还是很有帮助的，在练习过程当中大家可以尝试“一口气英语”，即用一口气尽量准确
17、尽量多次数地把一句绕口令流利地读出来（blurt out） ，当然一口气英语不宜找太长的绕口令。这样英语绕口令的学习训练法对于很多人而言应当算是枯燥乏味的学习当中有意思的一部分了。1. Mike likes to write by the nice bright light at night.2. Can you can a can as a canner can can a can? If you cant can any candy can, how many candy cans can a candy canner can if he can can candy cans?3. No
18、need to light a night light on a light night like tonight.4. I wish to wish the wish you wish to wish, but if you wish the wish the witch wishes, I wont wish the wish you wish to wish.5. Betty bought some butter, but the butter was bitter, so she bought some better butter to make the bitter butter b
19、etter.6. Many mad men manufacture maps, motors, and matches to make millions of marks in the market.7. she sells seashells on the seashore, but the seashells that she sells on the seashore are not the real seashells. 以上关于美语口语听说的基础知识大家如果能实质性掌握，并且坚持练习，相信大家一定会在不久将来在听说上有质的进步。你知道英语发音连读的规则吗连读的条件：相邻的两词在意义上
20、必须密切相关，同属一个意群。连读所构成的音节一般都不重读，只需顺其自然地一带而过，不可读得太重，也不可音。(连读符号：)(1)“辅音+元音” 型连读在同一个意群里，如果相邻两词中的前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。ImanEnglish boy. I calledyou halfanhourago.Itisanold book. Putiton, please.Let me havea lookatit. Notatall.Ms Black worked inanoffice yesterday.Please pickitup.(2)“r/re+元音 ”
21、型连读如果前一个词是以-r 或者 -re 结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这时的 r 或 re 不但要发/r/，而且还要与后面的元音拼起来连读。Theyre my fatherand mother. Hereis a letter for you.I looked forit hereand there. Hereare foureggs.Thereis a football underit. But whereis my cup?Thereare some books on the desk. Whereare your brotherand sister?但是，如果一个音节的前后都有字母 r，
22、即使后面的词以元音开头，也不能连读。The black clouds are coming nearer and nearer.（nearer 与 and 不可连读） (3)“辅音+半元音” 型连读英语语音中的/j/和/w/ 是半元音，如果前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以半元音，特别是/j/开头，此时也要连读。Thankyou. Nice to meetyou.Didyou get there lateagain? Wouldyou likea cupof tea？Couldyou help me, please?“音的同化”常把/d/+/j/读成/d/，did you 听上成了/didu
23、/，would you 成了/wudu/，could you成了/kudu /。 (4)“元音+元音” 型连读 如果前一个词以元音结尾，后一个词以元音开头，这两个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起。Iam Chinese. Heis very friendly to me.She wants to studyEnglish. Howand why did you come here?She cant carryit. Itll take you threehours to walk there.The question is tooeasy for him to answer. (5)当短语或
24、从句之间按意群进行停顿时，意群与意群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音与元音出现，也不可连读。Isit ahat or a cat?（hat 与 or 之间不可以连读）Thereisa good book in my desk. （book 与 in 之间不可以连读）Can you speakEnglish or French? （English 与 or 之间不可以连读） Shall we meet ateight or ten tomorrow morning? （meet 与 at，eight 与 or 之间不可以连读）She opened the door and walkedin. （door
25、 与 and 之间不可以连读）失去爆破6 个爆破音有 3 对：/p/，/b/，/t/，/d/，/k/，/g/失去爆破，又叫不完全爆破，就是在某些情况下，只须做出发音的准备，但并不发音，稍稍停顿后就发后面的音。(1)“爆破音+爆破音” 型6 个爆破音中的任意 2 个相临时，前一个爆破音会失去爆破，即由相关的发音器官做好这个发音的姿势，稍做停顿后即发后面的爆破音。The girl in the re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike jus(t) now.The bi(g) bus from the fa(c) tory is full of people.Wha(t)
26、time does he get up every morning? This is an ol(d) pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car.The ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t), too.Were going to work on a farm nex(t) Tuesday.What would you like, ho(t) tea or bla(ck) coffee?Its a very col(d) day, but its a goo(d) day.You can put i(t) down in the bi(g) garden.I bought
27、 a chea(p) book, but its a goo(d) book. (2)“爆破音+摩擦音” 型如果前面是爆破音，其后紧跟着某些摩擦音（如/f/，/s/，/w/，/t/等） ，那么前面那个爆破音仅有十分轻微的爆破，而后面那个摩擦音则要完全爆破。 Goo(d) morning, Mr. Bell.Goo(d) morning, dear.Uncle Lis fa(c)tory is qui(te) near to the cinema. I wen(t) there alone a(t) nine las(t) night. Do you know his bi(ke) number
28、? -Sorry, I don(t) know.The forty-firs(t) lesson is qui(te) difficult.Goo(d) luck, Lin Tao.连读与不完全爆破规则短文、对话都是由一个个句子 组成的，会读单个句子，也就会读短文和对话了。朗读句子是有很多技巧的，在语流中，有些单词之间有连读现象，有些单词中的某个辅音没有念出声来。这两个造成“音变”的因素就是连读和不完全爆破。一、 连读在同一意群中，前一词以辅音音素结尾，后一词以元音音素开头，在说话或朗读句子时，习惯上很自然地将这两个音素合拼在一起读出来，这种语音现象叫连读。如：We have an Engli
29、sh friend. 这个句子有两处连读：前一处是 have 的尾辅音/v/与 an 的开头元音/连读为/v/；后一处是 an 的尾辅音/n/ 与 English 的开头音素/i/连读为/ni/。还有一种连读叫/r/ 连读。在短语或句子中，前一词以-r 或-re 结尾，后一 词以元音开头时，可将/r/与后面的元音拼读。如：They looked for it here and there.这个句子也有两处连读：前一处是 for it 合读为/f:rit/ ，后一处是 here and 合读为/hi rnd/。连读现象只出现在意群内部，意群与意群之间的两个相邻单词即使符合上面所讲的两个条件，也不
30、连读。如：I hope itll get a little warmer. 这个句子中的 hope it 就不连读为/hupit/，因为主句 I hope 是一个意群，后面的从句是另一个意群。二、 不完全爆破在朗读句子或某些单词时，爆破音/p/， /b/， /t/， /d/，/k/, /g/在一定情况下不必爆破出来，就是说气流不必冲破阻碍，而只是发音器官在口腔中形成阻碍，稍作停顿后马上过渡到后面的音，这种现象叫不完全爆破。不完全爆破可发生在单词内部，如 bla (ck) board, foo (t) ball, ke (p) t 等。括号中的辅音字母对应的辅音音素/k/，/t/ ，/p/稍作停
31、顿 ，没发出音来。不完全爆破在两个相邻单词之间出现的情况非常多。 爆破音中的任何两个爆破音相邻时，前一爆破音失去爆破。如 a bi(g) car 等。 爆破音中的任何一个后接摩擦音/f/ ， /s/时，前面的爆破音失去爆破。如 I didn(t) say so. 爆破音后接/t/， /d/， /tr/， /dr /时，前面的爆破音失去爆破。如 a grea(t) change 等。 爆破音后接/m/， /n/， /l/时 ，前面的爆破音失去爆破。如 a bi(t) more expensive 等。 http:/ *英语连连看，下面这些常用连读你能读（听）出来吗？1. We have anEn
32、glish friend. 2. They looked forit hereand there. 3. bla (ck) board, foo (t) ball, ke (p) t 4. a bi(g) car 5. I didn(t) say so 6. a grea(t) change 7. a bi(t) more expensive 8. ImanEnglish boy. 9. Itisanold book. 10.Let me havea lookatit. 11.Ms Black worked inanoffice lastyesterday. 12.I calledyou ha
33、lfanhourago. 13.Putiton, please. 14.Notatall. 15.Please pickitup. 16.Theyre my fatherand mother. 17.I looked forit hereand there. 18.Thereis a foo(t)ball underit. 19.Thereare some books on the desk. 20.Hereis a letter for you. 21.Hereare foureggs. 22.But whereis my cup? 23.Whereare your brotherand s
34、ister? 24.Thankyou. 25.Nice to meetyou. 26.Didyou get there lateagain? 27.Wouldyou likea cupof tea? 28.Couldyou help me, please? 29.Iam Chinese. 30.Heis very friendly to me. 31.She wants to studyEnglish. 32.Howand why didyou come here? 33.She cant carryit. 34.Itll take you threehours to walk there.
35、35.The question is tooeasy for him to answer. 36.Isita hat or a cat?（hat 与 or 之间不可以连读） 37.Thereisa good book in my desk. （book 与 in 之间不可以连读） 38.Can you speakEnglish or French? （English 与 or 之间不可以连读） 39.Shall we meet ateight or ten tomorrow morning? （meet 与 at，eight 与 or 之间不可以连读） 40.She opened the do
36、or and walkedin. （door 与 and 之间不可以连读） 41.The girl in the re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike . 42.The bi(g) bus from the fa(c) tory is fullof people. 43.Wha(t) time does he getup every morning? 44.This is an ol(d) pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car. 45.The ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t), too. 46.Were going to workon
37、a farm nex(t) Tuesday. 47.What wouldyou like, ho(t) tea or bla(ck) coffee? 48.Its a very col(d) day, but its a goo(d) day. 49.You can put i(t) down in the bi(g) garden. 50.I bought a chea(p) book, but its a goo(d) book. 51.Goo(d) morning, Mr. Bell. 52.Goo(d) morning, dear. 53.Uncle Lis fa(c)tory is
38、qui(te) near to the cinema. 54.I wen(t) there alone a(t) nine las(t) night. 55.Doyou know his bi(ke) number? -Sorry, I don(t) know. 56.The forty-firs(t) lesson is qui(te) difficult. 57.lookaround 58.3 yearsago 59.notatall, halfanhour, I loveyou andall. afterall 60.Thatwill do. 61.Iam sure I can fini
39、shit nextweek. 62.Whatis betweenus? 63.Canyou read this tongue twister? 64.Itwill be enough if we could have twenty dollars. 65.I am ugly, bu(t) I am gentle. 66.They said bu(t) they didnt doit. 67.She is tired bu(t) happy. 68.Last bu(t) not least, treasure the time. 69.Ill do anything bu(t) that. 70
40、.The work is halffinished. 71.Are they going to take it withthem? 72.Look at those blackcards. 73.We saw a biggap. 74.GiveVicky a job. 75.Which isher handbag? 76.a lotof work 77.as soonas possible 78.the dogoutside 79.Tellusallaboutit. 80.Imafraid hesout. 81.She is going to majorinEnglish. 82.Are yo
41、u going to buy some moreeggs? 83.Dont go out aftereight. 84.Would you like to shareit? 85.Theyre new to work afterall. 86.lastyear 87.Can you (+w) ask him why? 88.May I (+w) ask you question? 89.You have another two (+w) hours. 90.How (+w) are you? 91.We always go (+w) early in the morning92.Sameol(d), Sameold
