1、初一英语(下)知识点本文由 zy04060 贡献doc 文档可能在 WAP 端浏览体验不佳。建议您优先选择 TXT，或下载源文件到本机查看。初一英语(下)知识点 一,第五单元 1. The same to you! 表示你也一样.当祝福你的人给你祝福时,用于回应对方.Happy Children s Day! The same to you!the sane to sb.表示某人也一样 2. by +交通工具名称,表示使用某种交通方式,中间不加限定词,如果交通工具前有 the, ones 等限 定词时,介词不能用 by,而用 on 或.in. 注意: by 引导的短语不能在句中作谓语,只能用作
2、方式状语与动词 go, come, get 等连用. take the subway home 乘地铁加家.也可说成:go home by subway 类似的有:ride a bike to school=go to school by bike 骑自行车去上学. B by +交通工具,提问用 how 引导的特殊疑问句. How do you usually come to school? 它是 对交通方式的一个提问,通常用 by bike, by train, by car ,by bus, by plane/air, by ship/sea 等来回答. e.g.: How does yo
3、ur mother go to work? 你妈妈是怎样去上班的?She goes to work by car . 她开车去上班.How do you go to Beijing?你怎样去北京? 4.频度副词 频度副词是一般现在时的“标志词“,也是表示频度的副词.这些词表示经常性动作或情况,而不是某 一具体动作,常用于一般现在时.这些频度副词在句子中的位置比较灵活,可以用于句首,句中或句末. 一般在句中位置有以下两种:1.在 be 动词,情态动词及第一个助动词之后,e.g. :She is seldom lat e for class. 她上课很少迟到. My mother can neve
4、r get up late.我妈妈从来不晚起. 2.在实义动词(行为动词)之前,有时为了强调放在句首. e.g.: He often reads books on weekends. 周末他经常看书.Sometimes I go to see my grand parents有时我去看祖父母. A,always 频度最高,表示动作重复,状态继续,中间没有间断,意为,频度副词,意为“一直,总 是“ .与 never 对应.如:I always get up early.我总是很早起床. B,usually 频度仅次于 always,表示一般如此,很少例外,意思是“通常,一般“ e.g.: Mic
5、hael usually goes to school by bus.迈克尔通常乘公共汽车上学. C,often 频度又次于 usually,表示动作重复,中间有间断,意为“经常“. e.g. They often go swimming after school.他们放学后经常去游泳.D,sometimes 频度又比 often 小,表示动作偶尔发生,中间常有间断,意为“有时,不时“.E.g.: Sometimes we take the subway to school.我们有进乘地铁上学. E,seldom 表示动作偶尔发生,中间间断较多,其频度比 sometimes 更小.E.g.:
6、Jane seldom d oes her homework at school.简很少在学校做家庭作业. F,never 表示动作从不发生,其频度为零,意为“从不,从未“.E.g.: That boy never eats meat . 那个男孩儿从不吃肉. 由此可见,这些频度副词常与一般现在时连用,且频率大小依次为:alwaysusuallyoftensometi messeldomnever. 另外,有时显了表示强调,也可放在句首或句末. e.g.(1)Sometimes I go to the park with my parents .有时我和父母一起去公园. (2)I go to
7、the park with my parents sometimes.有时我和父母一起去公园. (3)We always play games after class.我们下课后经常做游戏. 4)I seldom watch TV on weekdays.平日我很少看电视. 5)I usually study hard on weekdays and have a good rest on weekends.我通常在平日里努 力学习,周末会好好休息一下. ,how often 多久一次,对频度提问,答语常用频度副词 never, often, usually 或单位时间内的 次数.Once a
8、 week 一周一次;twice a week 一周两次 5. on foot=walk to 6.the early bird catches the worm .早起的鸟儿有虫吃.也可说成“捷足先登“或“笨鸟先飞“.类似的 还有:Two heads are better than one .两人智慧胜一人. 7,very few 表示否定意思,很少的.few 修饰可数名词,表示几乎没有;a few 表示几个,一些, 后接可数名词的复数.E.g.: a few apples 几个苹果.little 和 a little 修饰不可数名词.E.g. :I have little water 我几
9、乎没水了.(表示否定).I have a little water.我有一点儿水.(表示肯定). 8,have a short break 稍作休息,这里的 break 为名词,相当于 rest.break 还可作动词用,有“打 碎,破裂“的意思.E.g.: She often breaks her glasses.她经常打碎她的眼镜. 9. go +v.- ing. 表示去做某事 go swimming 去游泳 go fishing 去钓鱼 go shopping 去买东西 go boating 去划船 go skating 去滑冰 10,play basketball 打蓝球,球类名称前不
10、加任何冠词.E.g.: play soccer 踢足球 play the guitar/piano 弹吉他./钢琴.乐器名称前要加定冠词 the.11 ,play sports=do sports =do exercise 做运动 现在 at the moment =now 看电视 watch TV 看电影 see a film 看黑板 look at the blackboard 看书 read a booklost and found 失物招领处 12,for a little while 一会儿,也可说成 for a moment 如:Wait for a moment 稍等一会儿. 1
11、3,She is reading in the library.她在图书馆看书.reading 是 read 的现在分词,助动词 be(is , am, are)+现在分词构成现在进行时.E.g.: We are listening to the teacher.我们中听老师讲课.另外要 注意动名词和现在分词同形,在学习进要特别注意.如:She like reading best.此句中的 reading 在这里 是 read 的动名词. B,对现在进行时中的谓语和宾语提问时用“Whatdoing?“ e.g. What are you doing now? 你现在在做什么? What is
12、he doing? He is watching TV.他在干什么?了在看电视. 14,英语中怎样借东西可用一句旅顺来概括“借进(borrow)借出(lend)借多久(keep).表示 借多长时间时要用持续性动词 keep,意为“保存,保留“. 向某人借某物 borrow sth. from sb. e.g.: May I borrow a pen from you?我可以向你借友钢笔 吗? 把某物借给某人 lend sb. sth. (lend sth. to sb.) e.g.: I can lend you a pen.我可以借给你一支 钢笔. 15,归还,return,可以用 give
13、 back 来表达. 把某物还给某人:return sth.(to sb.)=give sth. back to sb. e.g.: Please return the book to me now.=Please give the book back to me now.请现在把书 给我. 16,on time 准时,按时,强调不早也不迟.in time 及时,强调在规定时间之前以不迟到为标准. e.g. We must get to school on time.我们必须按时到校. The doctor got there in time ,and saved his life.医生及时赶
14、到了那儿,挽救了他的生命.17,Its a pleasure 别客气,不用谢.这是回答感谢的客套话.类似的短语还有:Not at all ./M y pleasure. / Thats all right. / Thats OK.等. 18,look for look find 寻找,强调动作,找到,发现,强调结果.e.g. I am looking for my pen everywhere but I can not find it .我在到处找我的钢笔但我找不 到. 19,else 别的,放在不定代词 something, anything, nothing, somebody, any
15、body, nobody 和疑 问词 who, what, where 等后面.E.g. I cant see anybody else in the room.我没看见其他人在房间里. 20,in the center of 在中央(心),相当于 in the middle of . in the middle of 还可指“在(时间)的中间“ e.g. I will go to Beijing in the middle of March .三月中旬我要去北京. on the corner of 在拐角外 at the corner of 表示在某一地方或某建筑物外面的拐角处,因此 on
16、the corner of 和 at the cor ner of 有时可以互换.in the corner of 表示“在某一建筑物内的角落“. e.g. I see him at/on the corner of the street .我在街道拐角处见到他. There is a ball in the corner of the room.屋内角落里有个球. at the back of 在后部,后面.其反义词是 in front of 在前面. e.g. at the back of a house 在屋子的后面 in front of 在前面(在范围外)反义词:behind; in
17、 the front of 在前部(在同一范围内) betweenand 在和之间 e.g. I sit between Lucy and Lily.我坐在露西和莉莉之间. across form 在对面 e.g. His office is across from the bank.beside 意为“在旁边(或附近“),相当于 next to. behind 意为“表示位置,在后面“ under 意为“在下面/下方“. next to 在隔壁,在旁边e.g. Their classroom is next to ours.他们的教室在我们的隔壁.She sits next to me .她
18、坐在我 旁边. near 意为“在附近/靠近“ be close to 离近,紧挨着的.Close 经 near 更接近,close 可以接近至彼此接触,相当于 very near,后介词 to,而 next to 意为“紧挨,隔壁“. e.g. Our school is close to the post office.我们的学校紧挨那个邮局. Our school is near the river.我们的学校离河很近. Our classroom is next to my teachers office.我们的教室在老师办公室 隔壁. on the right on the left
19、 在右边 在左边be far from 离远;意思相近的短语:beaway from 离远.E.g. My home is two kilo meters away from my office.我家离我办公室 2 公里远. not far from 离不远21.A ,on the wall 在墙上,尤指在墙表面.in the wall 在墙上,尤指在墙里. E.g. there is a map on the wall. 墙上有幅地图. There is a window in the wall.墙上有窗户. B, at the end of 在尽头 news 新闻,不可数名词.“一则新闻“
20、是 a piece of news . Attention, please! 请注意!在发布通知广播新闻时,为引起人们注意,开头经用 Attention, please! single room 单间 call sb. at+号码 请打电话与某人联系C,no=not a/any 没有 a lot of=lots of 许多,后跟可数名词或不可数名词,用于肯定句.如果是否定句,要改为 many 或 much. E.g. There are a lot of books on the desk. There arent many books on the desk. D,doesnt work 不
21、工作,就是坏了,相当于 is broken. E.g. My bike doesnt work. = My bike is broken.Someone=somebody 某人 right now=at once 立刻,马上 E,fromto 从到(指时间,距离)e.g. I am flying from Chongqing to Beijing.我正从重 庆飞往北京. high 高的,其反义词是 low.用 cost 表示费用时,说高低只能用 high 或 low.用 cost 表示费用时,只能用 high 或 low.而不能说 dear or cheap. e.g. the cost of
22、 living is high 生活费用很高.e.g. The close of taking the subway to go back home is low.乘地铁回家的费用低. F,along 沿着,是介词;alone 单独,独自,是副词.E.g. After supper, I often go along this s treet.晚饭后,我经常沿看这条街走. at the first street 在第一个街口 at the second street turn left 左拐 turn right 右拐 G,1)cross 动词,意为“穿过,通过,渡过“=go across e
23、.g. The old man is crossing the road. 这位老人正要过马路. cross 可用作名词,指“十字形“或“叉形记号“. 2)across 是介词,强调从一定范围的一边到另一边,且有物体表面上或沿着某一条线的方向而进行 的动作. e.g. My house is across the river.我家在河对岸. You can go across the bridge.你可以 越过这座桥. 3)across from 在对面 e.g. My home is across from the bank.我家在银行对面. ool is across from the p
24、ost office. 学校在邮局对面. 4)crossing 意为“十字路口“. E.g. All cars should stop at the zebra crossing(斑马线).所有 车辆都要在斑马线前停下. 5)past 也是介词,指从某物旁边经过,意思是“走过某处,经过“e.g. He often walks past me w ithout saying“ Hello“.他经常不打招呼就从我身边走过. Our school bus drives past the Great Hall of the People.(人民大会堂)我们乘的校车经过人民大会堂. 6)go acros
25、s 越过,走过 across 是介词,强调从一定范围的一边到另一边,且在物体表面上或沿看 某一条线的方向而进行的动作.e.g. Go across the bridge, and youll find the park.越过这座桥,你就 会找到公园.The little girl runs across the road.这个小女孩跑着横穿马路. H,No parking 禁止停车 No swimming 禁止游泳 No smoking 禁止吸烟 Turn left 左拐 No right turn 禁止右转 No left turn 禁止左拐 Turn right 右转 Go straigh
26、t 直走 No U-turn 禁止 U 形调头 Crosswalk 人行横道 Parking 停车 Danger 危险 sidewalk 人行道 public 公用电话 traffic lights 交通灯 The sch 在第二个街口obey the rules 遵守规则 e.g. We must obey the rules in school.在学校,我们必须遵守校规. We must jobbery the traffic rules.我们必须同遵守交能规则.(traffic 为不可数名词,意为“交通“) In China, traffic keeps on the right of the road.在中国,交通遵守右行原则.Keep 保持,此处意 为“靠行驶“.1
