1、GMAT ARGUMENT POOL 2011 官网最新版本全中文翻译1. The following appeared as part of an annual report sent to stockholders by Olympic Foods, a processor of frozenfoods:“Over time, the costs of processing go down because as organizations learn how to do things better, they become more efficient. In color film pro
2、cessing, for example, the cost of a 3-by-5-inch print fell from 50 cents for five-day service in 1970 to 20 cents for one-day service in 1984. The same principle applies to the processing of food. And since Olympic Foods will soon celebrate its 25th birthday, we can expect that our long experience w
3、ill enable us to minimize costs and thus maximize profits.”下面摘自一家冷冻食品处理商-奥林匹克食品提交给股东的年报：随着时间流逝，由于机构了解了做好事情的方法进而提高了效率，处理的成本会降低。比如在彩色胶卷处理方面，3/5 英寸照片的成本从 1970 年的 5 天 50cent 降至 1984 年的 1 天20cent。同样的规律适用于食品处理方面。由于奥林匹克食品即将庆祝它的 25 岁生日，我们可以指望我们长期的经验会使我们达到最小的成本和最大的利润。 Logical flaws:1、样本不具代表性，彩色胶卷处理成本的降低不代表食品
4、处理方面也一定能降低生产成本。2、数据不具代表性，题目中的数据 1970 的 5 天 50cent 降低至 1984 年的一天 20cent 这个数据已经发生在过去很久之前，不能代表现在的情况。3、机构了解做好事情的方法不一定就会提高效率从而减少处理的成本。2. The following appeared in a memorandum from the business department of the Apogee Company:“When the Apogee Company had all its operations in one location, it was more p
5、rofitable than it is today. Therefore, the Apogee Company should close down its field offices and conduct all its operations from a single location. Such centralization would improve profitability by cutting costs and helping the company maintain better supervision of all employees.”下面摘自 APogee 公司的商
6、务部门的备忘录： 当 Apogee 将它所有的业务部门集中在一处时，它将有比现在更多的利润。因此，Apogee应该关闭它的驻外办公室并从单一场所管理它的所有部门。这样的话，集中会通过削减成本提高利润，并帮助公司更好地对所有员工进行监督。 1、所有的业务部门集中在一处时，不一定就会比现在拥有更多的利润，因为业务的集中也会产生其他的生产成本例如人员统一管理的费用。2、单一场所管理它的所有部门，也有可能会降低管理的效率，集中读员工进行管理有可能会加大对员工工作的管理难度，因为大规模的集中管理中人员增加了。3. The following appeared in a memorandum issued
7、 by a large citys council on the arts:“In a recent citywide poll, 15 percent more residents said that they watch television programs about the visual arts than was the case in a poll conducted five years ago. During these past five years, the number of people visiting our citys art museums has incre
8、ased by a similar percentage. Since the corporate funding that supports public television, where most of the visual arts programs appear, is now being threatened with severe cuts, we can expect that attendance at our citys art museums will also start to decrease. Thus some of the citys funds for sup
9、porting the arts should be reallocated to public television.”一个大城市的艺术理事会出版的备忘录: 在最近的城市范围的民意测验中，多于 15的居民说他们通过电视观赏视觉艺术，这要比5 年前民意测验的时候多。在过去 5 年中，参观城市艺术馆的人也增长了类似百分比。由于支持公共电视（多数视觉艺术节目出现的地方）的社团基金面临大幅缩减的危险，可以预期参观我们城市艺术馆的人数将开始下降。因此应该将一些原来用于支持艺术的基金重新分配给公共电视。 1、时间不具代表性，最近的民意调查指的是什么时候？有可能是最近几周，也有可能是最近几个月，而且这里的
10、城市范围又是指多少。2、这 15%的居民指的是所有的居民吗，但是单单指的是城市里的某些居民。那剩下的 85%的居民又是通过什么来观赏视觉艺术的？3、5 年前这个时间不具有代表性，因为 5 年已经过去了很长的一段时间。4、视觉艺术出现的地方指的是哪里，是那 15%的居民可以接触的到地方吗。 4. The following appeared in an announcement issued by the publisher of The Mercury, a weekly newspaper:“Since a competing lower-priced newspaper, The Bugl
11、e, was started five years ago, The Mercurys circulation has declined by 10,000 readers. The best way to get more people to read The Mercury is to reduce its price below that of The Bugle, at least until circulation increases to former levels. The increased circulation of The Mercury will attract mor
12、e businesses to buy advertising space in the paper.”一份周刊 Mercury 的出版者发表的公告： 由于一份 5 年前出现的低价竞争的报纸 The Bugle, Mercury 的发行额下降了 1000 份。争取读者的最好方法是至少在发行额恢复以前的水平前把 Mercury 的价格订的低于 Bugle 的价格。Mercury 增长的发行额会吸引更多的企业来购买报纸的公告版面。 1、样本数据不具代表性，5 年的出现的低价竞争的报纸不能跟现在来比，不管是跟 B 的价格还是发行额，发行额 1000 份的数量是属于多还是少。2、发行额恢复以前的水平，
13、这个以前指的是什么时候，以前的什么水平。3、怎么知道 M 增长的发行额会一定吸引更多的企业来购买报纸的公告版面，也有可能是私人。5. The following appeared in a report presented for discussion at a meeting of the directors of a company thatmanufactures parts for heavy machinery:“The falling revenues that the company is experiencing coincide with delays in manufact
14、uring. These delays, in turn, are due in large part to poor planning in purchasing metals. Consider further that the manager of the department that handles purchasing of raw materials has an excellent background in general business, psychology, and sociology, but knows little about the properties of
15、 metals. The company should, therefore, move the purchasing manager to the sales department and bring in a scientist from the research division to be manager of the purchasing department.”生产重工业部件的公司的领导人的会议辩论： 公司的利润下降和生产的延时是同步发生的。而延时的主要原因是购买原料的计划很糟，考虑到负责原料购买的部门经理具有很好的商业，心理学，社会学背景但是对原料性质知之甚少。公司应该将该经理调
16、往销售部门而把研究部门的一位科学家调来当采购部经理。1、公司的利润下降一定是生产的延时所导致的吗，也有可能是因为其他费用的增加或者生产成本的提高所导致的。6. The following appeared as part of an article in a magazine devoted to regional life:“Corporations should look to the city of Helios when seeking new business opportunities or a new location. Even in the recent recession,
17、 Helioss unemployment rate was lower than the regional average. It is the industrial center of the region, and historically it has provided more than its share of the regions manufacturing jobs. In addition, Helios is attempting to expand its economic base by attracting companies that focus on resea
18、rch and development of innovative technologies.”一份面向地方生活的杂志上的一篇文章： 企业在寻找新的商机或位置时应该去 Helios 城。甚至在最近的衰退中，Helios 的失业率也比地区平均水平低，它是地区的工业中心，历史上它提供的比它在地区制造业工作中分享的份额中更多。而且，Helios 正试图通过吸引研究和发展革新技术的公司来扩张它的经济基础。1、企业寻找新的商机为什么 H 城，它一定就会适合各种企业在它那里扎根吗？2、最近的衰退，指的是什么时候的衰退，这里的衰退指的是哪方面的衰退，是经济还是其他客观因素。3、H 城的失业率比地区平均水平低
19、，失业率又是和哪些地区比，是比 H 城落后的地区，还是比 H 城经济要发达的地区。4、既然 H 城在历史上在地区制造业工作中分享份额更多，那它通过吸引研究和发展革新技术就一定会成功吗？去它那里扎根的企业是制造业还是 H 城需要的具有新科技技术的企业？7. The following appeared in the health section of a magazine on trends and lifestyles:“People who use the artificial sweetener aspartame are better off consuming sugar, since
20、 aspartame can actuallycontribute to weight gain rather than weight loss. For example, high levels of aspartame have been shown to trigger a craving for food by depleting the brain of a chemical that registers satiety, or the sense of being full. Furthermore, studies suggest that sugars, if consumed
21、 after at least 45 minutes of continuous exercise, actually enhance the bodys ability to burn fat. Consequently, those who drink aspartame-sweetened juices after exercise will also lose this calorie-burning benefit. Thus it appears that people consuming aspartame rather than sugar are unlikely to ac
22、hieve their dietary goals.”关于流行和时尚的杂志的健康板块： 吃人工糖的人最好改吃蔗糖。因为糖精确实可导致增重而不是减重。比如，高浓度的糖精可通过消耗让大脑产生饱的感觉的化学物质来触发对食物的渴求。进一步地，研究显示，如果在连续运动至少 45 分钟后消耗糖，可提高身体燃烧脂肪的能力。因此，在运动后喝糖精做甜味剂的果汁的人将失去消耗卡路里的效果。因此食用人造糖精的人比吃蔗糖的人更不容易达到他们的减肥目的。1、8. The following appeared in the editorial section of a corporate newsletter:“The
23、common notion that workers are generally apathetic about management issues is false, or at least outdated: a recently published survey indicates that 79 percent of the nearly 1,200 workers who responded to survey questionnaires expressed a high level of interest in the topics of corporate restructur
24、ing and redesign of benefits programs.”一份社团实事通讯的编者按： 一般认为工人对管理事务缺乏兴趣的观点是错的，或至少是过时的。最近公布的调查显示回答了问卷的近 1200 工人中的 79表达了对公司重组，利润目标新设计的高度兴趣。 9. The following appeared in the opinion column of a financial magazine:“On average, middle-aged consumers devote 39 percent of their retail expenditure to departmen
25、t store products and services, while for younger consumers the average is only 25 percent. Since the number of middle-aged people will increase dramatically within the next decade, department stores can expect retail sales to increase significantly during that period. Furthermore, to take advantage
26、of the trend, these stores should begin to replace some of those products intended to attract the younger consumer with products intended to attract the middle-aged consumer.”财经杂志的意见栏： 平均而言，中年消费者的零售消费额的 39用于专卖店的商品和服务。而在年轻一些的消费者中这一比例仅有 25。由于中年消费者的数量在下一 10 年中将大幅增长，专卖店可以预期他们的销售额会有大幅增长。进一步，为利用这一趋势，这些店应该
27、开始将一些吸引年轻消费者的商品替换为吸引中年消费者的商品。10. The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper:“This past winter, 200 students from Waymarsh State College traveled to the state capitol building to protest against proposed cuts in funding for various state college programs. The other 12,000 Wa
28、ymarsh students evidently werent so concerned about their education: they either stayed on campus or left for winter break. Since the group who did not protest is far more numerous, it is more representative of the states college students than are the protesters. Therefore the state legislature need
29、 not heed the appeals of the protesting students.”地方性报纸的编者按： 过去的冬天里，200 名学生从 Waymarsh 州立大学前往州府大楼抗议对各项州立大学项目基金进行削减的计划。另外 12000 名 Waymarsh 学生显然对他们的教育不太关心：他们或是留在学校里，或离开过寒假。由于不抗议的人群更大，他们比抗议人群更有资格代表州立大学学生。所以州立法会不必理会抗议者。11. The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper:“In the first
30、 four years that Montoya has served as mayor of the city of San Perdito, the population has decreased and the unemployment rate has increased. Two businesses have closed for each new business that has opened. Under Varro, who served as mayor for four years before Montoya, the unemployment rate decre
31、ased and the population increased. Clearly, the residents of San Perdito would be best served if they voted Montoya out of office and reelected Varro.”地方性报纸的编者按： 在 Montoya 当 San Perdito 市长的头 4 年里，人口下降而失业率上升。每当一个新企业开业，就有两个旧的关门。而在 Montoya 之前 Uarro 当市长的 4 年里，失业率下降人口增长。很明显，San Perdito 的居民重新选举 Varro 而非 M
32、ontoya 会得到更好的服务。 12. The following appeared as part of a promotional campaign to sell advertising space in the Daily Gazette to grocery stores in the Marston area:“Advertising the reduced price of selected grocery items in the Daily Gazette will help you increase your sales. Consider the results of
33、a study conducted last month. Thirty sale items from a store in downtown Marston were advertised in The Gazette for four days. Each time one or more of the 30 items was purchased, clerks asked whether the shopper had read the ad. Two-thirds of the 200 shoppers asked answered in the affirmative. Furt
34、hermore, more than half the customers who answered in the affirmative spent over $100 at the store.”在把 Gazette 日报的广告版向 Marston 地区的蔬菜商销售的计划： 在 Gazette 日报宣传特价菜会帮助你提高销售额。考虑上月的一个研究的结果。Marston中心区的一个商店的 30 种特价菜在 Gazette 做了 4 天广告。每当有特价菜被卖出，职员就问顾客是否读过广告。200 顾客中的 2/3 回答是肯定的。而且，持肯定回答的顾客中有超过一半的人在店里的消费超过 100 美元
35、。13. The following appeared as part of a campaign to sell advertising time on a local radio station to local businesses:“The Cumquat Caf began advertising on our local radio station this year and was delighted to see its business increase by 10 percent over last years totals. Their success shows you
36、 how you can use radio advertising to make your business more profitable.”将本地电台的广告时间卖给本地企业的计划： Cumquat 咖啡店今年开始在我们电台做广告，并很高兴的看到它的业务比去年全年增长10。他们的成功向您展示了您如何能够利用电台广告使您的企业获利更多。14. The following appeared as part of a newspaper editorial:“Two years ago Nova High School began to use interactive computer ins
37、truction in three academic subjects. The school dropout rate declined immediately, and last years graduates have reported some impressive achievements in college. In future budgets the school board should use a greater portion of the available funds to buy more computers, and all schools in the dist
38、rict should adopt interactive computer instruction throughout the curriculum.”报纸社论： 两年前 Nova 高中开始在 3 个科学科目中使用互动计算机指导。学校的退学率立刻下降，而且去年的毕业生在大学取得了一些很不错的成绩。在未来的预算中，校董事会应该在能得到的资金中拨出更大的一块用来购买更多的计算机。而且这一区的所有学校都应该在课程中采用互动计算机指导。15. The following appeared as a part of an advertisement for Adams, who is seeking
39、 reelection as governor:“Reelect Adams, and you will be voting for proven leadership in improving the states economy. Over the past year alone, 70 percent of the states workers have had increases in their wages, 5,000 new jobs have been created, and six corporations have located their headquarters h
40、ere. Most of the respondents in a recent poll said they believed that the economy is likely to continue to improve if Adams is reelected. Adamss opponent, Zebulon, would lead our state in the wrong direction, because Zebulon disagrees with many of Adamss economic policies.”正在寻求重新选举为地方长官的 Adams 的广告宣传
41、： 再次选举 Adams，你将为在提升本州经济的过程中已被证实了的领导能力投票。仅在过去的一年中，全州有 70的工人的工资增加了，5000 个新就业机会被创造，6 个公司将他们的总部设在这里。最近的调查中多数回答者说他们相信如果 Adams 当选经济将会继续增长。Adams 的竞争者 Zebulon 将把我们州引向错误的方向，因为 Zebulon 不同意 Adams 的多数经济政策。 16. The following appeared as part of an article in the education section of a Waymarsh city newspaper:“Th
42、roughout the last two decades, those who earned graduate degrees found it very difficult to get jobs teaching their academic specialties at the college level. Those with graduate degrees from Waymarsh University had an especially hard time finding such jobs. But better times are coming in the next d
43、ecade for all academic job seekers, including those from Waymarsh. Demographic trends indicate that an increasing number of people will be reaching college age over the next 10 years; consequently, we can expect that the job market will improve dramatically for people seeking college-level teaching
44、positions in their fields.”Waymarsh 城日报教育版的一篇文章： 过去的 20 年内，研究生毕业生发现找到在大学教授他们的学术专长的工作是很困难的。那些从 Waymarsh 获得研究生学位的要找到这类工作尤其困难。但在下个 10 年，寻找学术工作的人（包括那些 Waymarsh 大学的）的好日子要来了。人口统计趋势显示达到上大学年龄的人将在未来 10 年增加。我们可预期对那些在他们的领域寻找大学教学工作的人来说，工作市场将显著增大。 17. The following appeared in an article in a consumer-products m
45、agazine:“Two of todays best-selling brands of full-strength prescription medication for the relief of excess stomach acid, Acid-Ease and Pepticaid, are now available in milder nonprescription forms. Doctors have written 76 million more prescriptions for full-strength Acid-Ease than for full-strength
46、 Pepticaid. So people who need an effective but milder nonprescription medication for the relief of excess stomach acid should choose Acid-Ease.”消费者产品杂志上的文章： 两种现在最好卖的消除过多胃酸的全效处方药 Acid-Ease 和 Pepticaid 现在出现在了较温和的非处方药清单上。医生给全效 Acid-Ease 比给全效 Pepticaid 多开了 76000000 张处方。所以需要有效但较温和的非处方药来消除过多胃酸的人应该选择 Acid
47、-Ease。 1、最好卖是不是就代表了它一定是最有用的，也有可能是因为两种药的价钱相比其他药要便宜。2、医生开较多的 A 处方多过 P 这种药的处方，可能是因为医生个人偏好这种药，或者这种药比 P 便宜，病人更容易承担起费用。3、非处方药和处方药之间没有可比性。18. The following is an excerpt from a memo written by the head of a governmental department:“Neither stronger ethics regulations nor stronger enforcement mechanisms are
48、 necessary to ensure ethical behavior by companies doing business with this department. We already have a code of ethics that companies doing business with this department are urged to abide by, and virtually all of these companies have agreed to follow it. We also know that the code is relevant to
49、the current business environment because it was approved within the last year, and in direct response to specific violations committed by companies with which we were then workingnot in abstract anticipation of potential violations, as so many such codes are.政府部门领导所写备忘录的摘录： 我们既不需要更强的道德规范也不需要更强的强制机制来确保和部门做生意的公司的道德行为。我们已经有了和这个部门做生意的公司必须遵守的道德准则，而事实上所有这些公司也同意遵循这些准则。我们也知道准则和当前的经济环境相关，因为它是去年制定的，而且对随后我们的工作中遇到的公司违例情况有直接的反应。这和很多对潜在违例进行抽象的预期的准则是不同的。19. The following appeared as part of an article in the travel section of a newspaper:“O
