1、1雅思阅读高分必备语法之名词性从句（上）朗阁海外考试研究中心 王玉梅同位语从句在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句 (appositive clause)。同位语从句的形式和定语从句相似。两者之前都有先行词，但是与先行词的关系不同：同位语从句与先行词同位或者等同，定语从句则与先行词是修饰关系。同位语从句的先行词多为 news, fact, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark 等，关联词多用连词 that。如： The assumption that robots will make humans redundant and repl
2、aceable is groundless.认为机器人将令人类变得多余和可取代的假设是站不住脚的。 We should not lose sight of the fact that significantly fewer women apply for senior positions in comparison with men.我们不应该忽略这一事实和男性相比更少的女性申请上级职位。关联词 that 在非正式文体中可以被省去。 如： He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the London pla
3、ne.他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往伦敦的飞机了。 （同位语从句 he was boarding省去了关联词 that）同位语从句偶尔用关联词 whether 引导。如： He was tortured by the doubt whether or not he should venture to go south.他为他是否可以冒险去南方这种疑虑所折磨。2疑问代词 who, which, what 和疑问副词 where, when, why, how 亦可引导同位语从句。如： The question who should be responsible for this req
4、uires consideration.谁该为此负责，这个问题需要考虑。 We should settle the question where we should dispose of the waste immediately.我们需要马上解决在哪里处理那些垃圾的问题。 It is a question how it has been achieved.那是一个它如何被实现了的问题。同位语从句一般紧跟在其先行词之后，但有时也可以与先行词分开，置于句末。如： The suggestion came from the public that the new policy should be i
5、mplemented.实施新政策的建议是公众提出来的。在雅思阅读考试的文章中，这些名词性从句是和其他从句，如状语从句和定语从句等结合使用的，下面朗阁专家给考生们介绍一下在雅思阅读文章中这些名词性从句的使用。1. The problem of how health-care resources should e allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in both the most just and most efficient way is not a new one.分析：“how health-care resourc
6、es should e allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in both the most just and most efficient way”为句子中介词 of 的宾语。而“ so that they are distributed in both the most just and most efficient way”为介词宾语中 so that引导的目的状语从句。2. Looking back, it now seems quite incredible that in the national healt
7、h systems that emerged in many countries in the years immediately after the 1939-45 World War, it was assumed without question that all the basic health needs of any community 3could be satisfied, at least in principle.分析：“that in the national health systems that emerged in many countries in the yea
8、rs immediately after the 1939-45 World War, it was assumed without question that all the basic health needs of any community could be satisfied, at least in principle”为 that 引导的主语从句， “it now seems”中的 it 为形式主语；“that emerged in many countries in the years immediately after the 1939-45 World War”为 that
9、 引导的定语从句，其先行词为 the national health systems；“that all the basic health needs of any community could be satisfied, at least in principle”为 that 引导的主语从句，it 为形式主语。3. However, at exactly the same time as this new realization of the finite character of health-care resources was sinking in, an awareness of
10、 a contrary kind was developing in Western societies: that people have a basic right to health-care as a necessary condition of a proper human life.分析：“as this new realization of the finite character of health-care resources was sinking in”为 as 引导的定语从句，其先行词为 the same time；“ that people have a basic
11、right to health-care as a necessary condition of a proper human life”为 that 引导的同位语从句，其先行词为 an awareness of a contrary kind.4. Although the language of right sometimes leads to confusion, by the late 1970s it was recognized in most societies that people have a right to health-care (though there has b
12、een considerable resistance in the United States to the idea that there is a formal right to health-care).分析：“Although the language of right sometimes leads to confusion”为 although 引导的让步状语从句；“that people have a right to health-care”为 that 引导的主语从句，it 为形式主语；“though there has been considerable resistan
13、ce in the United States to the idea that there is a formal right to health-care”为 though 引导的让步状语从句；“ that there is a formal right to health-care”为 that 引导的同位语从句，其先行词为 the idea。5. It is also accepted that this right generates an obligation or duty for the state to ensure that adequate health-care res
14、ources are provided out of the public purse.4分析：“that this right generates an obligation or duty for the state to ensure that adequate health-care resources are provided out of the public purse.”为 that 引导的主语从句，It 为其形式主语；“that adequate health-care resources are provided out of the public purse”为 that
15、 引导的宾语从句，作 ensure 的宾语。6. One would assume that the caliber of these institutions would have been carefully examined, but it appears that the criterion for inclusion on this select list might merely be that the zoo is a member of a zoo federation or association.分析：“that the caliber of these instituti
16、ons would have been carefully examined”为 that引导的宾语从句，作 assume 的宾语；“that the criterion for inclusion on this select list might merely be that the zoo is a member of a zoo federation or association”为 that 引导的主语从句，it 为其形式主语；“that the zoo is a member of a zoo federation or association”为 that 引导的表语从句，作 be 的表语。
