1、高一上定语从句第一课时学案（张绍春）一定语从句概述。1. 先行词：2. 关系代词：3. 定语从句的位置：4. 定语从句的含义和作用：二关系代词在句中作主语。Step one 文中句子重现。1. It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometers away. 2. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.3. A huge crack that
2、 was eight kilometers longs and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals. 4. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.5. Later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. 6. The army organized teams to d
3、ig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead 7. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Step two 归纳总结一：从以上例句的形式我们可以看出，例 1，2 是 定语从句；例 37 是 定语从句。which/who/that/whose home 在从句中作 。定语从句中谓语单复数由 决定。归纳总结二：认真分析文中出现的定语从句，归纳关系代词的作用修饰功能在从句中的作用修饰人 修饰物 修饰人或物主语定语三模仿例句 3-7 翻译下列句子。
4、a) 我昨天买的那本书丢失了。b) 喜欢游泳的那个男孩是我的朋友。c) 我们住在门开着的那个房间。四定语从句实践：play a game. Get into groups and make up sentences according to the example. Taking turns to complete the sentences with that, which, who or whose.EXAPLE: the boy bought a bicycle.S1: the boy bought a bicycle that/which was stolen from his nei
5、ghbour.S2: the boy who/that is wearing a red jacket bought a bicycle.S3: the boy whose glasses were broken bought a bicycle.Repeat the game using the sentences:1. The boy likes the story book2. The man bought the house.3. The survivors were dug out by the soldiers.4. The nation was shocked at the ne
6、ws.备注：一 Who/whom/that, which/that, whose+n 在从句中做宾语。1. The boy whom/who/that we just saw in the library is the monitor of Class Three.2. Mary didnt find the book which/that she lost yesterday.3. The old man who/whom/that I often take care of is 65 years old.4. He is the man whose umbrella I borrowed
7、yesterday.5. The tree whose leaves I picked is very tall.归纳总结: Who/whom/that, which/that 在从句中做宾语也可以省略。还原到从句中。二 只能使用 that 的情况。1. Newton was one of the greatest scientists that ever lived.2. He is the first man that comes to the party.3. She couldnt understand anything (that) they had told her.4. We a
8、re impressed by the teachers and schools that we visited there.高一上 定语从句第一课时 练习I. 用适当的关系代词填空1. He prefers the vegetables _ are from his parents farm.2. Youd better not drink water _ has not been boiled.3. You have done all _ your parents wanted you to do.4. Please let me know whether there is anythin
9、g _ I can do for you.5. At the party, the old school friends talked of the things and persons _ they could remember in the school.6. The last film _ I saw in 1999 was My Father and My Mother.7. He is the very person _ weve been looking for.8. I wont make friends with those _ often tell lies.9. The u
10、nsmiling woman _ I met at the dinner party was one of my wifes friends.10. The most interesting book _ Ive ever read is the History of the Time.II.用定语从句合并以下各句1. Wheat is a plant. It is planted in the north of China.2. You went to see a movie with a girl last night. Who is the girl?3. You lost a dict
11、ionary in the school library last week. Have you found it?4. I saw the short old man in the meeting room this morning. Now where is he?5. The great man once lived in that house. Can you show me around the house?6. A lady came to our shop to buy a woolen dress. Are you the lady?7. You often talk of y
12、our professor. Is that old man the professor?8. I will always remember the days. I spent those days in that beautiful city with my husband.9. That is the college. I visited that college two months ago.10. San Francisco is a famous city. Great earthquake often shook that city.III. 单句改错 (每句一错)1. Is th
13、is the horse that you spent five hours drawing it yesterday? _2. Those who has finished the exercises may leave the classroom now. _3. Children eat a lot of sweets or chocolate often have bad teeth. _4. Mr Green is always working hard should get a rise. _5. John is the only one of the students that
14、have been abroad. _6.I care about nothing which is going on there. _IV. 用适当的介词和关系代词填空1. This is the house _ I was born on a rainy evening.2. Is the girl your friend _ you shook hands just now?3The young should never forget the day _ the Communist Party of China was founded.4. The pen _ I wrote the l
15、etter just now is gone.5. There is a very big tree in the village _ the villagers often have meetings in summer.6. I cant find the gold ring _ I spent 100 dollars.V 易错题辨析Group A they/which/who/whom/themMr Li has three daughters, none of _ is an engineer Mr Li has three daughters, but none of _ is a
16、dancer Mr Li has three daughters; _ are doctors Group B which/that/as/when/It is on the morning of May 1st _ I met Liang Wei at the airport It is the factory _ Mr Wang works定语从句典型错误例析1. 我给他看了我上周在杭州的照片误 I showed him the photos I took them in Hangzhou last week.正 I showed him the photos I took in Hang
17、zhou last week.析 关系代词或关系副词既代替先行词，又在定语从句中充当一定的成分。例句为省略了关系代词（that/which）的定语从句，that/which 指代 the photos，在定语从句中充当 took的宾语，故 them 多余，应去掉。2. 那个正在修理汽车的人是我的叔叔。误 The man is mending the car is my uncle.正 The man who/that is mending the car is my uncle.析 关系代词在定语从句中充当主语时不可省略，只有作宾语时才能省略 that。本句还可以译为 The man mend
18、ing the car is my uncle.（-ing 形式短语 mending the car 作 the man 的后置定语。 ）3. 这只风筝是你父亲昨天为你扎的吗？误 Is this kite your father made for you yesterday?正 Is this kite the one (that) your father made for you yesterday?析 若把 this 看作 kite 的修饰语，短语 this kite 为主句的主语，这时我们可以看出主句中缺少表语，即定语从句的先行词，所以应该加上代词 the one。如果我们把 this
19、看作代词，作句子的主语，那么 kite 应该为句子的表语，则可以看出先行词 kite 前缺少定冠词 the。故本句还可改为：Is this the kite (that/which) your father made for you yesterday?4. 她告诉我的就这些。误 This is all which she told me.正 This is all (that) she told me.析 当先行词为 all, none, one, any, few, little, everything, anything, nothing 等或先行词前有序数词，形容词最高级修饰时，关系代
20、词只能用 that。另外，本句还可以译为 This is what she told me.不过此时 what 引导的是表语从句，而不是定语从句。5. 这是我们明天要讨论的问题。误 This is the problem about that well talk tomorrow.正 This is the problem about which well talk tomorrow.正 This is the problem (that/which) well talk about tomorrow.析 “介词+关系代词 引导的定语从句，先行词指人时，关系代词用 whom；指物时，关系代词用
21、 which。另外，有些固定短语如 look after, listen to 等，一般也不能将介词提到关系代词之前。6. 从这儿可以看到屋顶的那幢建筑物是镇里最大的超市。误 The building, which roof can be seen here, is the biggest supermarket in town.正 The building, whose roof can be seen here, is the biggest supermarket in town.析 分析句意可知， building 和 roof 之间存在所属关系，故应用 whose，whose 在引导
22、从句定语从句时既可指人又可指物，通常可与 of which 互换使用，因此本句还可以表示为：The building, the roof of which （of which the roof ） can be seen here, is the biggest supermarket in town.7. 人没有空气就不能生存，这是很自然的。误 Which is very natural, man cant live without air.正 Man cant live without air, which/as is very natural.正 As is very natural,
23、man cant live without air.析 which/as 都可以引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语，表语，宾语。但 which 引导的从句只能放在主句之后，而 as 引导的从句位置比较灵活，可以位于句首，句中或句末。8. 他是今天早晨迟到的学生之一。误 He was one of the students who was late this morning.正 He was one of the students who were late this morning.析 在 “one of+复数名词”结构中，定语从句的先行词是复数名词，故谓语动词应用复数；在 “the onl
24、y one of+复数名词”的结构中，定语从句的先行词是 one，故谓语动词应用单数。如：She is the only one of the students in our class who has ever been to Beijing.她是我们班唯一去过北京的学生。9. 我还记得我在北京度过的日子。误 I still remember the days when I spent in Beijing.正 I still remember the days (which/that) I spent in Beijing.析 定语从句中引导词的选择关键词是看先行词在定语从句中充当什么样的
25、成分，或者说定语从句中缺少什么成分。如果从句缺少主语，表语，宾语，则引导词通常为 which, that, who, whom, as;如果缺少定语则用关系代词 whose;如果缺少状语，则用关系副词 when, where, why. 分析例句的成分可以知道，从句中缺少谓语动词 spent 的宾语，故应用关系代词 which 或 that 来引导定语从句。若把例句变为： I still remember the days _ I enjoyed myself in Beijing.则定语从句中缺少时间状语，故此时应用关系副词 when。10. 昨晚送你回家的那个人是谁？误 Who is th
26、e man who sent you home last night?正 Who is the man that sent you home last night?析 当主句为含有 who/which 的疑问句，关系代词用 that，而不用 who 或 which。如: Which is the book that you bought yesterday?哪本书是你昨天买的？11. 他们谈了许多他们所知道的人和事。误 They talked about a lot of things and persons what/who/which they knew.正 They talked abo
27、ut a lot of things and persons that they knew.析 先行词既有人又有物时应该用 that 来引导。What 不可以引导定语从句。12. 他们昨晚看了一部影片，影片讲述的是关于美国内战的故事。误 They saw a film last night, that tells about the American Civil War.正 They saw a film last night, which tells about the American Civil War.析 that 不能引导非限定性定语从句。13. 我的家乡已不再是十年前的样子。误 M
28、y hometown is no longer the town which it used to be ten years ago.正 My hometown is no longer the town (that) it used to be ten years ago.析 当先行词在定语从句中充当表语时关系代词一般只能用 that。另外，先行词是 there be 中的主语时，关系代词也常用 that，口语中这两中情况的关系代词 that 也可以省略。如：There is a park (that) we often visit on Sundays.高一上定语从句第二课时学案：介词+w
29、hich/whom 引导的定语从句一、关系代词在定语从句中作 宾语的复习：whom 、介 宾1. He is the man who/whom/that we get on well with.2. He is the man with whom we get on well.3. This is the house which/that I lived in.4. This is the house in which I lived.二、介词+which 引导的定语从句1. The subject in which Im most interested is English.2. We ca
30、n see the method by which the computer works.3. I still remember the time when(= at which) I first became a high school student.4. There can be few streets in London where(=at which/in which) you cant buy books.5. That is the reason why（=for which）he is leaving so early.归纳一：when, where, why= . 但反之则不
31、一定。关系副词有 。当我们选择关系副词时，先行词一定是 。(P91 whose+n =the + n +of whom/which)6. This is the place where I spent my childhood.7. This is the place which we visited last summer.8. The reason which he gave us was hard to accept.9. The reason why he was late is that he missed the first bus.归纳二：即使先行词相同，关系代 词和关系副词的选
32、择与先行 词在主句中的位置无关，而是看关系词在 担任什么成分。换句话说 ，是看定 语从句中差 还是 +关系代词。三、介词+whom 引导的定语从句1. The person with whom I talked was a good friend of mine.2. The scientist from whom I learned a lot never lost heart when he was in trouble.四、介词+which/whom 引导的定语从句：介词的选择1. This depends on the purpose for which the task is don
33、e.2. The speed at which the machine works is shown on the metre (仪表).3. The steel of which the ship is made is very expensive.4. He is telling us a story of Lei Feng, of whom everyone is proud.归纳：在介词+关系词引导的定语从句中，介词的选择有可能和 有关，也有可能和定语从句中的动词，形容词 等有关，因此，我们要根据先行词或从句的意义选择使用恰当的介词。五、文中句子分析。P34六、play a game.
34、 P37.备注：n + of which/whom 引导的定语从句考点 1 简单介词 +关系代词 知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词指人时只能用 whom, 指物时只能用 which；介词选择的依据主要是根据从句中的动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配而定；或者以先行词与从句中的动词关系及所表达的含义而定；或者以先行词在定语从句中的作用和含义而定，并且含有介词的短语动词不能拆开，介词仍然放在动词之后。 高考考例： 1. (2004 全国卷) The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ the sailing time
35、 was 226 days. A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which 解析：关系代词 which 指代 the journey, 定语从句恢复为独立的句子是： The sailing time of the journey was 226 days.故答案选 A。 2. (2004 全国卷) The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which
36、D. on which Comment a1: 答案：1whose 2.who 3.as 4.which 5.when 6.why 7.where 8.when 9.that 10.whomComment a2: II.合并各组句子1The factory is a small one .The factory stands near the river 2Have you answered the letter ? You got that letter two weeks ago 3Ill never forget the day .On that day I joined the Lea
37、gue .4.We are not allowed to do so Tell me the reason .5The boy student is very young .He won the game .6The town has become a famous city He grew up in the town 7I spend my childhood in Suzhou I have never been there again since I left 8He is leaving for Wuhan to meet his daughter He has not seen t
38、he girl for years 9Do you know the man ? His son is a famous scientist10My uncle bought the bicycle last week The bicycle has been stolen .答案： 1The factory which is a small one stands near the river 2Have you answered the letter that you received two weeks ago ?3Ill never forget the day when I joine
39、d the League .4Tell me the reason why we are not allowed to do so.5The boy who won the game is very young 6The town in which he grew up has become a famous city 7I have never been in Suzhou again since I left , where I spent my childhood.8He is leaving for Wuhan to meet his daughter whom he has not
40、seen for years .9Do you know the man whose son is a famous scientist? 10The bicycle which my uncle bought last week has been stolen .Comment a3: 答案： 1on 改为 in 2is 改为 are 3who 改为 which4looks 改为 look 5which 改为 where解析：本句主句部分应是 The English play at the New Years party was a great success.从句补全为独立的句子是:My
41、students acted in the play. 故答案选 C。 3. (2004上海卷) American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently. A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom 解析：先行词为 someone,被关系代词 whom代替在从句中作 talk with 的宾语，介词 with 可以放在关系代词之前，identify.as. 意为 “把当作” ，故答案选 D。 考点 2 复杂介词 +关系代词 知识归纳： 用
42、于此结构的关系代词有 which, whom, whose。常用于该结构的复杂介词有：as a result of, at the back of, because of, by means of, for want of, in front of, in case of, on account of等。例如： We got to a house at the back of which was a large garden. Is there a certain test by means of which the No. 1 will be decided? 考点 3 简单介词 +关系代词
43、 +名词 知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词有 which, whose。介词的选择取决于关系代词后的名词及整个句子的含义。 高考考例： (1995 上海) In the office, I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m. _ time many people have gone home. A. whose B. that C. on which D. by which 解析：介词 by表示时间的意思是“到那时为止” 。这句话的意思是“在办公室里，我似乎直到下午 5：30才有空，那时许多人都已经回家了” 。故答案选 D。 This is
44、 the boss in whose company his elder sister is working.考点 4 the+ 名词 +of+关系代词 知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词只有 which。该结构表示所有关系, 口语中常用“whose + 名词”代替。非正式文体中可以用“of which the +名词” 。 高考考例： (2000 上海) Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the
45、 price of whose 解析：答案选 B。本题就是一个考查 the+ 名词+of+关系代词结构的一个典型例子。这里 the price of which指代 the price of the vase, 答案也可以是 whose price。 考点 5 表示部分的词语 of关系代词 知识归纳：此时，指人的关系代词只能是 whom, 指事物的关系代词只能是 which。表示部分的词语常见的有：不定代词 all, both, none, neither, either, some, any； 数词( 含基数词，序数词，分数和百分数)；数词+名词；the +最高级/比较级；以及表示数目或数量
46、的词语 many, most, few, several, enough, half a, a quarter等。 高考考例： 1. (2004 湖北卷) There are two buildings, _ stands nearly a hundred feet high. A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which 解析：答案为 D。the larger of which指代 the larger of the two buildings; B选项缺少一个连词。 2.
47、(2004辽宁卷) The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _ are sold abroad. A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that 解析：答案为 A。80% of which指代的是 80% of the shoes。本题意为：这家工厂每年生产的 50万双鞋子有 80%都是销往国外的。练习题I.填入适当的引导词1Please pass me the notebook _ cover is yellow 2Li Hua was one of th
48、e girls _ have the chance to go abroad.3He must be form Africa , _ can be seen from his skin 4Air ,_ we breathe every day , is around us all the time 51949 was the year _ the New China was born 6I dont know the reason _ she looks unhappy today 7This is the village _ my father worked three years ago 8I still remember the day _ the old scientist took us to the lab for th
