1、1“must have done”表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推 测，意为“一定做了”，该结构只用于肯定句。如：,Module 6 Period Four Grammar:情态动词+have done的用法 课件（外研版必修4，课标通用）,情态动词+have done的用法,It must have rained last night，for the ground is wet.昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。You must have been mad to drive so fast.你车开得那么快，一定是疯了。,【单项填空】It is said that the man lived alo
2、ne on the lonely island for about 3 months before he was saved.Really? He_a lot of difficulties!Amay go throughBmight go throughCought to have gone throughDmust have gone through解析本题考查情态动词。由句意“据说那人在获救前孤身一人在一座孤零零的岛屿上生活了近3个月”可以推测，他一定经历了许多困难。表示对过去情况的推测用must have done的形式。答案D,2(1)can/could have done表示对过去
3、的推理，用于否定句，疑问句中，表示对发生行为的惊疑、怀疑或不肯定，could语气较委婉，“本来可以”“可能已经”。如用在否定句中，否定意义最强烈，通常有迹象表明根本不可能。,Where can they have gone？他们能去哪儿呢？(表惊疑)They could have gone to the cinema.他们可能去电影院了。(表不肯定)I met him at school yesterday afternoon，so he couldnt have attended your lecture.昨天下午我在学校遇上他了，因此他不可能参加你的讲座。(有迹象表明，强烈地否定),(2)
4、could have done还可用来表示过去可能完成而实际未实现的动作或与过去事实相反也就是事实上并没有发生过。You could have phoned me.I didnt know where you were.我不知道你在哪儿，你本来可以打电话给我。I couldnt have lived through Christmas without giving you a present.不送你一件礼物，我简直就不能过圣诞节。,【单项填空】Thank you for all your hard work last week.I dont think we_it without you.Ac
5、an manage Bcould have managedCcould manage Dcan have managed解析本题考查情态动词。句意：感谢你上周的辛苦工作。我想要不是你的辛勤劳动，我们不可能做成。句中without you表达的是“如果没有你的辛苦工作的话”，结合句子前后内容，本题表达是与过去相反的虚拟语气，故选B项。答案B,3“may have done”与“might have done”常用于表示对过去发生的事情的可能性推测，意为“可能已经，也许已经”，多用于肯定句。might have done的可能性比may have done的还要小。如：,What has happ
6、ened to George？乔治发生了什么事？I dont know.He may have got lost.我不知道。他可能迷路了。She might have achieved greater progress，if you had given her more chances.如果你多给她点机会，她或许能取得更大的进步。,【单项填空】Have you seen my key? I remember I put it here yesterday.Dont worry.You_it in the wrong place.Amust put Bshould have putCmight
7、put Dmight have put解析本题考查情态动词。句意：你看到我的钥匙了吗？我记得昨天我把它放在这儿了。别紧张，或许你放错地方了。由句意知是对过去情况的可能性的推测，应用“情态动词have done”结构，故排除A、C两项。B项意为“本来应该做某事”，不合句意。might have done意为“或许已经做某事”。答案D,4“should have done”与“ought to have done”表示本来应该做某事(而实际上没有做)，含有指责对方或自责的意味。如：,Tom，you are too lazy.The work should have been finished ye
8、sterday.汤姆，你太懒惰了。这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。Look，Tom is crying.I shouldnt have been so hard on him.看，汤姆哭了。我不应该对他如此严厉的。I ought to have gone home last Sunday.我本应上星期天回家的。,【单项填空】The party held yesterday was a great success，so interesting.You_，but why didnt you?Ashould come Bmust have come Cmay have come Dought to h
9、ave come解析本题考查情态动词。句意：昨天的聚会非常成功，很有趣。你本来应该来的，为什么没有来？句子说的是对已经发生的事情的推测，应用“情态动词have done”结构，故排除A项；B项表示“准是已经做某事”；C项表示“可能已经做某事”；D项表示“本来应该做某事”，由句意知D项正确。答案D,5neednt have done表示过去做了其实不必做的事，表示埋怨或后悔等，意为“本可不必”“满可以不”。,I actually neednt have bought so much wineonly three people came.其实我本没必要买这么多酒，只来了三个人。,【单项填空】As
10、you worked late yesterday，you_have come this morning.Amaynt BcantCmustnt Dneednt解析本题考查情态动词。句意：由于你昨晚工作很晚，今天早上你本来不需要来的。mustnt have done是一种错误形式；cant have done是对过去的否定推测，“本来不可能”；maynt have done表示“过去或许没有做某事”；neednt have done表示“过去没有必要做某事但却做了”。由句意知D项正确。答案D,【写作任务】写一篇迎接英国交换生的欢迎辞。【写作内容】假设你是某外语学校学生会主席周晓，你校为迎接英国
11、交换生将举办一场欢迎会。请你根据以下要点提示，准备一篇英文欢迎辞。要点提示：1对英国交换生表示欢迎；2介绍你校；3说明交换生项目的意义。,应用文之欢迎辞,【写作要求】1内容完整充实，语言连贯通顺；2词数：不少于100。 【写作分析】第一步，认真审题本文按要求写一篇欢迎辞，属于应用文体裁。在正式的场合迎接客人时，主人要讲一些热情友好的话向客人表示欢迎，使客人感到宾至如归，这就是欢迎辞。1英文欢迎词需包括称呼、正文和结束语。最常用的称呼是“Ladies and gentlemen”，也可根据听众的不同，使用“Dear friends”及“Fellow students”等。正文是文章的主体。结束语
12、可以用“Thank you”一句带过。,2具体到本次写作，可根据要点提示，分两部分展开。首先，作为发言者，要代表学校向交换生表示欢迎。接下来，向英国交换生介绍学校概况、阐述交换生项目的意义，也可预祝交换生在你校学习、生活顺利，只要添加的内容与话题相符就行。3语言应准确、贴切，有条理，同时应体现出致辞者的热情。第二步：提炼要点1welcome party2introduce our school3a foreign language school4exchange programme5understand Chinese culture,第三步：扩点成句1Welcome to our welco
13、me party.2I am delighted to introduce our school to you on behalf of all my fellow students.3Our school is a foreign language school and has a long history.4Our school is famous for the exchange programme which includes various courses ranging from Chinese to maths.5I believe all of you can benefit
14、from this exchange programme greatly in terms of understanding Chinese culture.,【参考范文】Hello everyone， Welcome to our school and welcome to our welcome party! My name is Zhou Xiao.As president of the Students Union，I am delighted to introduce our school to you on behalf of all my fellow students.Our
15、school is a foreign language school and has a long history.Besides this，our school is famous for the exchange programme which includes various courses ranging from Chinese to maths.The Chinese Language and Literature is a toprated course provided especially for exchange students.I believe all of you
16、 can benefit from this exchange programme greatly in terms of understanding Chinese culture.I hope you will enjoy your time at our school.Thanks for listening.,【亮点展示】1本文是一篇欢迎辞。文章首先对来访者表示了热烈的欢迎，接着简要介绍了学校的基本情况，同时说明本校在交换生项目方面具有的优势，最后祝愿来访者能学有所获。语言热情贴切，通顺简洁。2文章想象合理，使文章饱满充实，如Besides this，our school is fam
17、ous for .which includes various courses ranging from Chinese to maths.The Chinese Language and Literature is a toprated course .等句子。3词汇表达丰富，如on behalf of，be famous for, range from, benefit from等，使文章锦上添花，也足见作者英语写作功底深厚。,【写作模板】1英语欢迎辞常用词汇及短语：honored/distinguished guests尊敬的来宾on behalf of代表in the name of以
18、的名义an anniversary celebration周年庆典a welcoming party欢迎会a sendoff party欢送会gracious hospitality热情好客to extend my warm welcome and heartfelt thanks to.向表示热烈的欢迎和诚挚的感谢,to congratulate sb on sth就某事向某人表示祝贺to appreciate sb for (doing) sth因(做)某事向某人表示感谢Im looking forward to sth/doing sth我期待着某事/做某事Id like to prop
19、ose a toast to.我提议为干杯serve.heart and soul全心全意的服务to celebrate/observe，in celebration of庆祝to xpress/extend.welcome/thanks/congratulations/Greetings/invitation表示/表达欢迎/感谢/庆祝/问候/邀请at the invitation of sb应某人的邀请in the company of sb在某人的陪同下,to bring to A the congratulations from B向A转达来自B的祝贺Id like to end my
20、speech with.以结束我的讲话Wish.a complete success祝圆满成功2英语欢迎辞常用句式：我谨代表，欢迎大家来到 On behalf of.，I am delighted to welcome all of you to.我十分荣幸地欢迎大家来到 Im honored to have this opportunity to welcome all of you to.我非常高兴地欢迎各位出席 It is a great pleasure for me to welcome you all to.,It gives me great pleasure to welcom
21、e all of you to.我谨代表，对各位的到来表示热烈欢迎 It is my pleasant duty to extend to you a cordial welcome on behalf of.我们非常荣幸地欢迎大家出席 It is a real honor and privilege for us to welcome you to.我代表，非常荣幸地欢迎大家的到来，尤其是来自的贵宾们 It is with a profound feeling of pleasure and privilege that，on behalf of.，I extend a heaty welc
22、ome to you all，especially to the distinguished guests from.作为本届研讨会的主席，我十分高兴和荣幸地欢迎各位出席今天的大会。,As the chairperson of this symposium，I have the pleasure and honor of welcoming all of you to this international meeting.欢迎各位参加 May I welcome all of you to.我代表，对前来参加的各位朋友表示热烈的欢迎 On behalf of.，I bid a warm wel
23、come to you all gathered here to participate.首先，我对各位朋友的到来表示欢迎 May I begin by welcoming you to.,看下面一个题目：It is such a difficult book that all of us cant understand it.(句型转换)The book is_difficult_all of us_understand.,由一个句型转换题目所想到的,该题很多同学一看就认为用so.that.cant.，但我们知道，so.that.引导结果状语从句，也就是说，that引导的应是一个完整的句子，
24、但在that all of us cant understand结构中，understand却少了宾语，因此，不正确。正确的答案应该是too.for.to，也就是说，该句应为简单句，understand的逻辑宾语就是句子的主语the book。再看下面的句子：The ice is so thin that we cant skate on it.The ice is too thin for us to skate on.冰太薄了，所以我们不能在上面滑冰。,Well go fishing this afternoon.Would you like to go with us?Id like t
25、o，but I have an important ceremony to_ (2011武汉高三模拟)Aattend BjoinCtake part Dpresent【易错警示】易错点对表示“出席；参加”的动词和形容词同时考查。错误原因不能正确掌握单词或短语是不是能接宾语。,解题思路本题所给出的四个选项在使用当中都可以作“出席；参加”讲，但在使用时是有区别的。attend用作及物动词，意为“出席或参加会议、庆典、仪式等”，适合本题要求。join 用作“参加”讲时，常用于(sb) in sth结构，意为“参加(某人)某活动”，另外，join后可接army/club/organization等，意
26、为“参军/加入俱乐部/加入组织”等；take part也可表示“参加；加入”讲，但其后接宾语时应与介词in连用；present用作动词，作“出席；到场”讲时，应用于present oneself (for sth)结构，而本题若选D项，其逻辑宾语应是ceremony，搭配不当；另外，present还可用作形容词，意为“出席的；到场的”。,知识拓展对于介词本身的考查较少，因为大多都是固定搭配。但如果把介词与名词、介词与动词等的搭配放在动词短语、定语从句等结构里面进行考查，就提升了考查的难度，也能很好的考查学生对基础知识的掌握情况。,I often_the words I dont know in
27、 the dictionary or on the Internet. (2011四川),Alook up Blook atClook for Dlook into解析本题考查短语意义辨析。look at看；look for寻找；look into调查，往里面看；这三个短语都是“look介词”结构。look up意为“查阅”，up是副词，当其宾语是代词时，应用“look代词up”结构，如：Its a new word，so I have to look it up in the dictionary.“这是个生词，所以我只好查字典”。答案A,You look well.The air and
28、the sea foods in Sanya must _you，I suppose.(2011陕西),Aagree with Bagree to Cagree on Dagree about解析本题考查“agree介词”构成的代词短语辨析。agree是不及物动词，与不同的介词搭配可以接不同的宾语。agree with sb/what sb said同意某人/某人所说的话，另外，agree with sb还可意为“(对某人的健康或胃口)适合”；agree to后接plan/suggestion等名词，意为“同意计划/建议”等；agree on强调双方或多方对某个计划、建议、结果等表示“同意”；
29、agree about sth意为“对某事有相同的看法”。答案A,She showed the visitors around the museum，the construction_had taken more than three years. (2011江西),Afor which Bwith which Cof which Dto which解析本题考查“介词which”引导的非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构，本句中没有并列连词，也没有从属连词，故可判断逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词是the museum。the construction与the museum之间是所属关系，即the
30、construction of the museum had taken more than three years，所以应用介词of。句意：她带领游客参观了这个博物馆，博物馆的建设花了三年多的时间。答案C,“Simpler”books are the foundation_students build a lifelong habit of reading and further the actual skill of reading for longer and stronger periods of time. (2011上海十校),Awhich Bupon which Cfor which Din which解析本题考查“介词which”引导的定语从句。which引导定语从句，修饰先行词the foundation，将其代入定语从句为：students build a lifelong habit of reading and.upon the foundation。build A on/upon B“将A建立在B的基础之上”。句意：简易读本是学生们借以培养终身的阅读习惯并进一步强化长久稳固的实际阅读技能的基础。答案B,
