1、一）与人有关的“群”表示人群的英语对应词很多，差异也分得很细。现将常见的英译法归纳如下： crowdcrowd 是表示“群”的基本词语，通常指“无组织和无秩序的人群”（without organization or order）。从数量上看，crowd 表示的“群”一般大于 group 表示的“群”，但又小于 host 表示的“群”；从密度上看，crowd 通常指“拥挤着的人群”。如：He pushed his way through the crowd（他从人群中挤过去）。常见搭配有： 一群人 a crowd of people一群观众 a crowd of spectators一群男孩子
2、a crowd of boys一群运动员 a crowd of playersgroupgroup 通常指有一定组织形式的“群”，在含义上无“拥挤”意味。group 既能指“人群”，也能在某些搭配中指“物群”。常见搭配有：一群制定法律的人 a group of persons who make laws一群木雕像 a group of wood carvings一群飞机 a group of aeroplaneshosthost 的主要意思是“大量，许多”，如：a host of difficulties 许多困难，a host of thoughts 思绪万千。host 作“群”字解时，特指
3、大群（great num ber）。常见搭配有：一（大）群孩子 a host of children一（大）群对手 a host of rivals一（大）群体操运动员 a host of gym nastsgalaxygalaxy 本为天文学术语，意为“星系”、“天河”。作“群”字解时，有明显的修辞色彩，为褒义词语，常用于比喻“出色或著名人物的群”（brilliant company of persons）。常见搭配有：一群才子 a galaxy of talents一群美女 a galaxy of beautiestrooptroop 通常指“正常行进中的人或其他动物的群”。常见搭配有：一
4、群羚羊 a troop of antelopes一群欢迎者 a troop of welcomers一群游行者 a troop of demonstrantsswarmswarm 通常指（令人反感的）“蜂拥而进的人群”。常见搭配有：密密麻麻的一群人 a swarm of people一群保镖 a swarm of bodyguardsmultitudemultitude 也是一个表示“群”的常用词，它同 crowd 的区别在于：multitude 通常指“散开的群”，人与人或物与物之间必有一定的空处（sufficient spare）；而 crowd 则完全相反，表示“密集在一起的群”，人与人
5、相碰甚至拥挤。multitude 既可以指人又能指物。常见搭配有：一大群人 a great multitude of people一群动物 a multitude of anim als一群海岛 a multitude of islandsthrongthrong 通常指“为数众多的挤在一处或挤向前去的群”（press together or forward）。常见搭配有：一群人 a throng of people一群影迷 a throng of film fansband 或 gang这两个词都有明显的轻蔑色彩，多同反面词语搭配。band 通常指“强盗，匪徒等的群（帮、伙）”，而 gang
6、 通常指“奴隶、犯人或干坏事的人结成的帮伙”。常见搭配有：一群匪徒 a band of gangsters一群贼 a gang of thieves一群强盗 a band of robbers一群犯人 a gang of convictsmobm ob 是贬义词，通常指“闹事或无组织的人群”。在资本家及其御用文人的笔下，mob 一词是对劳苦大众的轻蔑用语，意为“庶民、乌合之众”。一群暴徒 a mob of rioters群恶棍 a mob of blackguards一群愤怒的妇女 a mob of angry womenbodybody 通常指“（视作整体的）一群，一批，共同从事某一件事或某
7、一种相同的情况或处境联系在一起的人群”。常见搭配有：一群失业者 a body of unemployed men（“失业”是相同的处境）一群选举人 a body of electors（“投票选举”是大家共同做的事）（二）与动物和水生物有关的“群” flockflock 主要指“飞鸟家禽、牲畜的群”，尤指羊群。covey 指小羊（small flock）。常见搭配有：一群羊 a flock of sheep一群鹅 a flock of geese一群鸭 a flock of ducks一群麻雀 a flock of sparrowsherdherd 通常指“大动物的群，如牛群和放牧的群”等。一
8、群牛 a herd of cattle一群水牛 a herd of buffaloes一群象 a herd of elephants一群鹿 a herd of deerdrove指“围成一团被驱赶或向前走动的畜群”（如牛、羊、猪等）。常见的搭配有：一群骆驼 a drove of cam els一群牛 a drove of oxen一群马 a drove of horsespackpack 主要指“野兽、猎犬等的群”，有时也指飞禽。常见的搭配有：一群豺狼 a pack of wolves一群猎犬 a pack of hounds一群松鸡 a pack of grousecluster ，swar
9、m这两个词常指“昆虫类的群”。swarm 又特指“蜂群”或处于移动中的群，有时也指鸟群（large number of insects，birds, etcmoving about together）。常见搭配有：一群蚂蚁 a swarm of ants一群蝴蝶 a cluster of butterflies一群蝗虫 a swarm of locusts一群苍蝇 a swarm of flies一群蜜蜂 a swarm of bees（指随蜂王倾巢出动的大群）或 a cluster of bees（指一般的蜂群）（三）指物的“群”按汉语的习惯，计算某些物体时，也用量词“群”。与此相对应的英语
10、词是：clump， cluster ，group。常见搭配有：一群建筑物 a clump of buildings一群木雕 a group of wood carvings一群海岛 a clump of islands一群飞机 a group of aeroplanes一群闪闪发光的星星 a cluster of bright stars在现代汉语里，量词的表示法特别多不同的名词必须用不同的量词来修饰，以表示人或事物的单位。英语中的量词用法也是大学英语教学中常常遇到的难题之一。对于学习外国语的中国学生来说如何处理英语中的量词的用法是较难掌握的。本文拟就汉语量词“一群”为例作一初步探讨。在汉语中
11、量词“一群”是最常用的词之一。其含意为“聚在一起的人或物或动物”。是处于动态中的“一群”还是处于静态中的“一群”或是情态变化上的“一群”，其用法都有差异且有褒贬之区别。(一)与人有关的“一群”A表示中性或褒意的“一群”的量词有：(作名词用时意为：一群聚集起来的、没有组织的、拥挤着的人群。)1）crowd，此词是英语中表示“一群”最基本的词，例如：一群男学生 a crowd of school boys一群申请人 a crowd of appcants一群观众 a crowd of audience一群妇女 a crowd of women一大群男孩和女孩到操场看篮球比赛。A big crowd
12、 of boys and girls went to the playground to watch the basketball match2)group，是个多功能的词，几乎可以表示所有的群众概念。但在修饰人时，则通常指一群因共同利益、目的或任务而结合在一起的人。从数量上讲，一般小于 crowd 所表示的“一群”，而且无“拥挤”之意。例如：一群少先队员 a group of young pioneers一群演员 a group of actors一群女孩子 a group of girls一群教师 a group of the teachers那位年轻的工程师正在和一群工人交谈：The y
13、oung engineer is talking to a group of workers3)troop 通常指聚在一起活动的、生气勃勃的一群人。例如：一群示威者 a troop of demonstrators一群购物者 a troop of shoppers一群参观者 a troop of visitors一群童子军 a troop of boyscouts一群人站在街道两边欢迎新市长：A troop of welcomers are standing on both sides of the street to welcome the new mayor4)bevy 特指女性的“一群”
14、，有时指鸟类，尤指鹌鹑或云雀。例如：一群女演员? a bevy of actresses一群年轻女子 a bevy of young women一群女店员 a bevy of shop girls一群鹌鹑 a bevy of quails一群女演员在舞台上唱歌跳舞：On the stage，theres a bevy of actresses singing and dancingB表示贬意的“一群”的量词有：1)mob 通常指一群企图采取暴力行动的无组织的人群。例如：一群愤怒的人 a mob of angry people一群暴徒 a mob of rioters一群奴隶 a mob of
15、slaves一群骗子 a mob of liars一群恶棍冲进老人的商店抢走了所有的东西：A mob of blackguards burst into the old mans shop and robbed all the things away2)horde 原意为游牧部落，指人群时通常含有轻蔑色彩。例如：一群懒汉 a horde of lazy-bones一群诈骗犯 a horde of swindlers一群蝗虫 a horde of locusts一群流氓 a horde of hooligans一群懒汉聚在一起无所事事：A horde of lazy-bones huddled
16、together doing nothing3)band 通常指在某人指挥下为共同的目标而一起做某事的“一群”人”。例如：一群强盗 a band of robbers一群匪徒 a band of gangsters一群小偷 a band of thieves一群武装歹徒 a band of outlaws 警察正在追捕一群小偷：The policemen are trying to catch a band of thieves4)gang 通常指一起工作的人群，尤指奴隶、犯人或为干坏事而结成团伙的一群人。例如：一群罪犯 a gang of criminals一群奴隶 a gang of sl
17、aves 一群囚徒 a gang of prisoners法官判处一群罪犯死刑：The judge sentenced a gang of criminals to death(二)与动物有关的“一群”1)flock 一词通常指动物的自然类群(如：飞鸟、家禽、牲畜、山羊、绵羊等)。例如：一群大雁 a flock of wild geese一群母鸡 a flock of hens一群山羊 a flock of goats一群燕子 a flock of swallows一群鸟 a flock of birds一群母鸡在田野里吃食：A flock of hens are pecking in the
18、 field2)herd 通常指一起吃食或行走的大动物的群体，尤指牛群。例如：一群牛 a herd of cattle一群象 a herd of elephants一群马 a herd of horses一群天鹅 a herd of swans一群天鹅在湖水里欢快地游着：A herd of swans are swimming freely in the lake。3)pack 一词通常指一群一起追猎的食肉动物，有时也指飞禽。例如：一群豺狼 a pack of wolves一群松鸡 a pack of grouse一群猎犬 a pack of hounds一群贪婪的狼试图寻找一些食物吃：A p
19、ack of greedy wolves tried to find some food to eat-4)swarm、cluster 通常指昆虫类的群，而 swarm 尤指蜂群。cluster 除有“一群”之意外，还有“一串”“一束”等意。例如：一群蜜蜂 a swarm of bees 一群蚊子 a swarm of mosquitoes 一群蝴蝶 a cluster of butterflies 一串葡萄 a cluster of grapes 一串浆果 a cluster of berrie 一群漂亮的蝴蝶在空中飞舞：A cluster of beautiful butterflies
20、are dancing in the air“群“含有“多“的意思,在英语中常用“a group of.“来表示“一群“.实际上,因为文体不同、搭配不同及感情色彩的不同,“群“也有多种不同的表达.下面就介绍一些较为常用的含有“群“意思的词. 1. group: n. a number of people or things placed together(常用词)群;组.例如:A group of little girls are playing in the park. 一群小女孩正在公园里玩. There are a group of beautiful islands along the
21、 sea. 沿着海边有一群美丽的岛屿.2. band: n. a group of people formed for some common purpose and often with a leader; a group of animals 一伙人,一帮人;一群(动物).例如:We were set upon by a band of robbers. 一群强盗袭击了我们.A band of ducks is swimming in the lake. 一群鸭子游在湖面上.3. batch: n. (infml) a group (非正式)一批;一组.例如:Our company has
22、 got a batch of orders. 我们公司拿到了一批定单.Tom has received several batches of letters. 汤姆收到了好几堆信.4. bunch: n. (infml , often humor or derog) a group (非正式,常用于幽默或贬义中)一群,一帮,一伙.例如:John has a bunch of friends and often gets their help. 约翰有一帮子朋友并且经常得到他们的帮助.A bunch of children surrounded the ice-cream man. 一群孩子围
23、住了那个卖冰淇淋的人.5. cloud: n. a large number of small things moving through the air as a mass (尤指飞行中的大批小动物,如昆虫等)一大群,一团.例如:Birds are flying in dense clouds. 鸟密密麻麻地飞着.A cloud of locusts is approaching the forests. 一大群蝗虫正飞近森林.6. clump: n. a group of trees, bushes, plants, etc. growing together 树丛,灌木丛,草丛等.例如:
24、There is a big clump of grasses on the hill. 山上有一大片草丛.7. cluster: n. a number of things of the same kind growing or being close together in a group (人或动物的)群集,(东西的)聚集.例如:A cluster of bees is flying among the flowers. 一群蜜蜂在花丛中飞舞.a cluster of houses/ spectators/ islands/ diamonds/ stars etc. 密密匝匝的房子/观众
25、/岛屿/钻石/星星等8. collection: n. a group of objects collected as hobby, for study, etc.; group of people (一批)收集物;人群.例如:Janet has a very good collection of foreign coins. 珍妮收集了不少外国硬币.An odd collection of people attended the party. 一群稀奇古怪的人参加了舞会.9. crew: n. a group of people working together 一起工作的一群人.例如:Th
26、ey form a train track repair crew. 他们组成一组铁轨维修人员.We were such a happy crew on our day in London. 我们一群人在伦敦的那天都很快活.10. crowd: n. a large number of people gathered together 人群;群众.例如:There were crowds of people at the theatre. 剧院里满是人.He pushed his way through the crowd. 他在人群里挤来挤去.11. flock: n. a group of
27、 sheep, goats, or birds; (infml) a crowd, large number of people 羊群,鸟群;(非正式)人群.例如:A flock of people poured into the hall. 一群人涌进了大厅.A flock of sheep were straying all over the road and causing confusion among the traffic. 路上到处是跑散的绵羊,造成交通混乱.12. gang: n. a group of people working together, such as pris
28、oners or building workers; (often derog) a group of friends who are against other groups 人群;(贬义)一帮人,一伙人.例如:Lets ask the rest of the gang instead of going alone. 让我们问问其他伙伴,不要单个儿去.A gang of criminals raided the bank. 一群犯罪分子抢劫了银行.13. herd: n. (derog) people generally thought of as acting alike with no
29、person having his own thoughts or opinions; a group of animals of one kind which live and feed together (贬义)人群,群众(无主见者);兽群.例如:The common herd suffered a lot in those days. 当时一般群众的生活都很苦.A herd of cows was grazing in the field. 一群牛在地里吃草.14. host: n. a large number 大群,大数目.例如:A host of people spread out
30、 on the hillside in all directions. 一大群人在山坡上四处分散开来.He has a host of friends. 他有很多朋友.15. knot: n. a small group of people close together 一小群聚在一起的人.例如:I can hear a knot of people whisper in the next room. 我能听见一小群人在隔壁低声细语.A knot of people waited on the platform for the train. 一小群人在站台上等火车.16. lot: n. a
31、group of people or things of the same type; amount of a substance or material 一批(人或物),一群(人或物).例如:Another lot of students is arriving soon. 另一群(或批)学生马上就到.This wine is no good but I hope the next lot will be better. 这批酒不好,但我希望下一批会好些.17. mass: n. (often pl. with sing. meaning, infml) a large number (of
32、 people) (非正式,常用复数形式表示单数意思)许多人,人群.例如:There are masses of people here. 这里有许多人.A mass of people jammed into the arena. 人群涌进了赛场.18. pack: n. group of wild animals that hunt together or group of dogs kept for hunting, esp. with horses; (derog) number of people or things (野兽的)一群,(猎狗的)一群;(贬义)(人或动物的)一帮,一伙.
33、例如:A pack of angry shoppers demanded their money back. 一群顾客愤怒地要求退款.A pack of dogs were chasing the fox. 一群猎狗正在追捕那只狐狸.19. party: n. a group of people doing something together 一群人,一伙人,团体.例如:A party of schoolchildren is going to France. 一个小学生团体要到法国去.Forest rangers sent out a rescue party to bring back
34、the injured hiker. 森林守护员派出了一支救援队去救回那位受伤的远足者.20. school: n. a large group of one kind of fish or certain other sea animals swimming together (鱼及某种海洋动物的)群;队.例如:There is a large school of fish swimming near the surface of the water. 有一群鱼在贴近水面的地方游动.Sometimes we can see schools of fish pass by the sampan
35、. 有时我们可以看到成群的鱼儿从舢板旁边游过.21. swarm: n. a crowd ( of people) or moving mass (of animals) 一群(人);一群(移动中的动物).例如:a swarm of ants /bees /locusts 一群蚂蚁/蜜蜂/蝗虫There are swarms of children in the parks. 公园里有一群群的孩子.22. team: n. a group of people who work, play or act together (一起工作、游戏、行动的)一群人.例如:The operation was
36、 done by an able team of surgeons. 这手术由一组技术高超的外科医师进行.The government is led by an able team of skilled politicians. 政府由一批干练的政治家领导着.23. throng: n. a large crowd (of people or things) (人或物)一大群,一大堆.例如:There are throngs of passengers at the railway station. 火车站游客成群.The pre-Christmas sale attracted throngs of shoppers. 圣诞节前的促销吸引了大批的购物者.24. troop: n. a band of people or wild animals, esp. when moving (行动中的)一群(人或野生动物).例如:A troop of elephants was moving toward the lake. 一群大象正向湖边走去.There were troops of friends to see him off. 有很多朋友为他送行.
