1、语法互动(七)动词的时态和语态,语法互动(七)动词的时态和语态,1一般现在时的基本结构及用法(1)结构：当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。(2)动词的第三人称单数形式变化规则如下：,考点一 一般现在时,语法互动(七)动词的时态和语态,动词的时态,(3)用法：表示事实、现状、性质或经常性、习惯性的动作。常与seldom, often, usually, always, sometimes, today, every day, once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays等时间状语连用。I go to school at seven ev
2、ery day. 我每天七点去上学。表示普遍真理和客观事实。The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。表示在现在时间里所发生的一个动作。Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。,语法互动(七)动词的时态和语态,在时间和条件状语从句中代替一般将来时。Ill go shopping with my mother if she is free tomorrow. 如果明天我妈妈有空的话，我将和她去购物。2一般现在时的疑问句、否定句,Do you see the bird in the tree? 你看见树上的鸟了吗？,语法互动(七)动词的时态和语态,
3、1一般过去时的用法及标志词 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。句中的谓语动词要变为过去式。常与yesterday, last week, two days ago, in 1988等过去的时间状语连用。,考点二 一般过去时,语法互动(七)动词的时态和语态,2一般过去时的疑问句和否定句,语法互动(七)动词的时态和语态,Were most people too busy making a living in early times？在早期，大部分人忙着谋生吗？ Modern soccer didnt become official until 1863.直到1863年现代足球才成为官方运动
4、。Did you have any problems on your journey? 你在旅途中有一些困难吗？,语法互动(七)动词的时态和语态,注意 动词过去式的变化规则：,语法互动(七)动词的时态和语态,考点三 一般将来时,1一般将来时的构成及基本用法(1)结构：“助动词shall/will动词原形”或“be going to动词原形”。(2)用法：表示将要发生的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有 later(on), soon, in a month(in时间段), next time, from now on, tomorrow等。I shall be eighteen years old
5、next year. 明年我就18岁了。表示某种必然的趋势。Fish will die without water.没有水，鱼就会死。,语法互动(七)动词的时态和语态,(3)注意：will引导的将来时，表示事情没有经过事先考虑而即将发生，be going to引导的将来时表示事情经过事先计划、考虑打算而即将发生。They will arrive here tomorrow morning.明天早晨他们将抵达这里。Im going to see a film this afternoon.今天下午我要去看电影。,语法互动(七)动词的时态和语态,2一般将来时的肯定句、否定句和疑问句,语法互动(七)
6、动词的时态和语态,Dont worry. You wont be late.不用担心，你不会迟到的。Will you leave for Beijing next week? 下周你要去北京吗？Who is to clean the classroom today? 今天该谁打扫教室了？,语法互动(七)动词的时态和语态,1现在进行时的构成及基本用法(1)结构： am/is/are动词的ing形式(2)用法：表示目前正在发生(进行)的动作(不指状态)，常用的时间状语有 now, at the moment 等。当有look, listen起提示作用的词时，后面的句子常用现在进行时。Are you
7、 writing a letter to your friend now?你现在正在给你朋友写信吗？Listen! She is singing in the next room.听！她正在隔壁唱歌。,考点四 现在进行时,语法互动(七)动词的时态和语态,表示现阶段正在进行，而此刻不一定在进行的动作。We are planting trees these days.这些天我们在植树。表示位移的动词的进行时表示动作将要发生。此类词有come, go, leave, arrive, fly等，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。They are leaving for England tomorrow af
8、ternoon.他们明天下午要去英国。,语法互动(七)动词的时态和语态,2现在进行时的肯定句、否定句和疑问句,语法互动(七)动词的时态和语态,Mary is listening to music in the next room now. 玛丽现在正在隔壁听音乐。Jack isnt playing football now.杰克现在没有在踢足球。Is Mike playing the piano in the room now? 迈克现在在屋里弹钢琴吗？,语法互动(七)动词的时态和语态,现在分词的变化规则：,语法互动(七)动词的时态和语态,1过去进行时的构成及基本用法(1)结构： was/we
9、rev.ing(2)用法：过去进行时主要表示过去某一时间点或某一时间段正在进行的动作。His father fell down while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.他爸爸骑自行车时摔倒了，弄伤了自己。(3)常用的时间状语： this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten, last evening, when, while等。,考点五 过去进行时,语法互动(七)动词的时态和语态,What were you doing at ten oclock
10、 last night? 你昨晚十点钟在做什么？ They were building a large house last week.上周他们一直在建造一所大房子。(某阶段一直在进行的动作),语法互动(七)动词的时态和语态,2过去进行时的肯定句、否定句和疑问句,语法互动(七)动词的时态和语态,I wasnt trying to annoy you.我没想要让你烦恼。Were you working all weekend? 你整个周末都在工作吗？,语法互动(七)动词的时态和语态,1结构： have/has动词的过去分词(过去分词变化规则基本与过去式变化相同。有些特殊变化动词需单独记忆)2用法
11、(1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，常与just, already, yet, recently, before, ever, never, twice, three times等时间状语连用。I _ the film already.,考点六 现在完成时,have seen,语法互动(七)动词的时态和语态,我已经看过这部电影了。(现在我知道电影的内容了)(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与“since时间点或since从句(一般过去时)”，“for时间段”及how long, (ever)since, ever, before, so far, in th
12、e last/past few years, up to now, till now等时间状语连用。Weve planted thousands of trees in the past few years. 在过去几年中，我们种了成千上万棵树。So far there _ no bad news.到现在为止还没有什么坏消息。,has been,语法互动(七)动词的时态和语态,(3)一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 一般过去时只强调在过去发生过某事或关注的是动作发生的时间、地点、方式等。而现在完成时则强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，因此，若不强调某事对现在的影响就不用现在完成时。I saw the
13、 movie yesterday.昨天我看了这部电影。(强调电影是昨天看的)I have already seen the film. 我已经看过这部电影了。(强调到现在为止看过这部电影了),语法互动(七)动词的时态和语态,(4)延续性动词在现在完成时中，如果有持续的时间状语，则要把非延续性动词变为延续性动词。I have had the book for two days.这本书我已经买了两天了。(用had而不用bought)I have been in Tokyo for two weeks.我已经来东京两周了。(用been in而不用come to),语法互动(七)动词的时态和语态,常见
14、的非延续性动词变延续性动词：have arrived at/in sp., have got to/reached sp., have come/gone/moved to sp.have been in sp.have becomehave been have got uphave been uphave died_have left sp._have fallen asleep/gone to sleephave been asleephave finished/ended/completed_,have been dead,have been away from sp,have been
15、 over,语法互动(七)动词的时态和语态,have marriedhave been married have begun_have borrowed_have boughthave hadhave caught/got a coldhave had a cold have got to knowhave known have joined/taken part in the League/the Party/the armyhave been a member of the League/the Party/the army或have been in the League/the Part
16、y/the army,have been on,have kept,语法互动(七)动词的时态和语态,(5)have been to, have gone to, have been in的区别：have been to表示“过去曾去过某地”，说话时已从该地回来，现在已不在该地；have gone to表示“已去了某地”，说话时已到达某地或在去某地的途中，现在还未回来；have been in表示“已在某地待了多久”，后面跟副词时不用in。Where is Mrs. Smith? 史密斯夫人在哪儿？She isnt here. She has gone to England.她不在这儿，她去了英
17、国。,语法互动(七)动词的时态和语态,动词的语态,英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态的主语是动作的执行者；被动语态的主语是动作的承受者。 We use a knife for cutting. (主动句)A knife is used for cutting. (被动句),语法互动(七)动词的时态和语态,考点一 被动语态的构成,be 动词的过去分词。The work is finished by him. 这项工作是由他完成的。Chinese is spoken by people in China.在中国，人们说汉语。,语法互动(七)动词的时态和语态,1一般现在时：_过去分词。E
18、nglish is spoken by Englishmen. 英国人说英语。2一般过去时：_动词的过去分词。The machines were made in China.这些机器是中国制造的。3一般将来时：_be动词的过去分词。A sports meeting will be held in our school next week.下周我们学校将举办运动会。,考点二 被动语态的时态,am/is/are,语法互动(七)动词的时态和语态,was/were,will/shall/be going to,综上所述：被动语态的时态变化由be动词的变化来体现(即：be动词的各种时态)。另外注意以下几
19、点：(1)含情态动词的被动语态：can/may/must/shouldbe动词的过去分词。He may be sent away from school. 他可能被学校劝退了。(2)带动词不定式的被动语态My bike needs to be mended. 我的自行车需要修理一下。,语法互动(七)动词的时态和语态,(3)在使用被动语态时，如需要指出动作执行者时，应用“by动作的执行者(宾格)”。He was called Mike by us. 我们叫他麦克。(4)不及物动词无被动语态(take place/happen, last, rise, sink, fall等)The accide
20、nt was happened two days ago. 这起事故发生在两天前。(5)当宾语补足语是省略to的不定式时，在改为被动语态之后，应将省去的to还原。The boss made the workers work 12 hours.The workers were made to work 12 hours.(6)注意动词短语的完整性(即：主动句的谓语动词若由v.prep./adv.构成，变被动语态时，不能将这些介词、副词遗漏)。We must take care of the baby.The baby must be taken care of.,语法互动(七)动词的时态和语态,
21、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空1She wants to know if there _(be) a flower show next week.2I _(keep) the book for two weeks.3They _(have) dinner at this time yesterday.4If it _(rain) tomorrow, we wont go swimming.5Turn off the radio, dear. Tom is sleeping.There is no need. He _(wake) up.,will be/is going to be,have
22、kept,were having,rains,has woken,语法互动(七)动词的时态和语态,6The teacher told us that the gravity on the Mars_ (be) only about three eighths of that on the Earth.7When I got home yesterday afternoon, it _ (rain) hard.8All the teachers will _ (invite) to the party.9These books must _(put) in the bookcase.10He w
23、as made _ (leave) his hometown.,is,was raining,be invited,be put,to leave,语法互动(七)动词的时态和语态,11Many trees _(plant) in my hometown every year.12Chinese style road crossing is a bad habit and must _ (prevent)13Please say “Im here” when your name_ (call)14The novel was later _ (make) into a play.15Have you heard that some people _ (send) to the Mars in a few years?,are planted,be prevented,is called,made,will be sent,语法互动(七)动词的时态和语态,
