1、阿(交通土建工程本科)英译汉1. Construction plans and held to both.施工图纸和规范规定了材料或施工程序应满足的许多要求。达到要求的方法有两种，一种称为“方式与方法” ，详细地阐明所要提供的材料或所用的程序；另一种称为“结果”或“最终结果” ，规定预期的最终产品，将方式与方法留给承包商去选择。有时两者均可能写入合同文件，但在这种情况下，由于承包商不能同时遵从两者，故有关部门实施“结果”条款的能力可能值得怀疑。2.The basic concept.less than the surface course.柔性路面设计基本概念就是荷载施加于路表上，是连续地分布
2、到较大区域面积之上的，并向下传递到较低的层位中，直到其强度减少到比路面下天然土还低，这就意味着整个层位体系都是联系的，总的来说，较低的层位比面层的成本低。3.The advent of highgutters at the side of the road高速分向公路的出现引发了一个老问题：潮位空气下的路表，当时速超过80km/h 时，如果有水存留于路中，运动的轮胎与路表之间有水的侵入，就会减小压实的有效面积，如果水在轮胎之下长期滞留，那么所有的直接接触都会消失，打滑现象就会产生。新型的汽车轮胎都带有排水的花纹，但是更为有效的解决办法是应用大孔隙、排水路表，这就可以使雨水由表面排走，而不用引入
3、到水沟后从路边排走。4.It often becomes .hydraulic standpoint.为了给道路或机场让道，经常需要改移部分天然水道。通过现有河流的改道，将其保持在道路的一侧，而不是来回跨越，通常能将大大小小的排水构造物取消。在许多构造物位置，现场调查指出改渠和改善构造物的上下游，从水力学的观点看，可能提供一种更好的情况。汉译英1.公路定线一般.两种方法Generally speaking,highway alignment has two methods,ie on-the-job alignments and paper alignment.2.驾驶员对前方称为视距The
4、sight distance can be defined as the maximum distance that the driver can see from the anterior objects in the traveled way.3.城市运输系统组成部分The city transportation system is a basic part of the social and economic system of the urban areas.4.这些经验.属于线形Those experience has taught us that the briadges must
5、 be subordinatted to the alignment.5.每一施工阶段。 。 。以确保结构的安全。In each construction stage, the deck deflections must be carefully surveyed to ensure the safety of the structure.6.对于多车道.是有利的As for multilance highway ,it is possibly beneficent to design the vis-vis travel lane as two separate roads.7.水文分析两个
6、基本步骤Hydrographic analysis and hydrodynamic design are two basic procedures for solving the problem of overland drainage.8.应该按统计方法来研究结构抗力The structural resistance should be researched according to statistical method.9.按照上部结构类型和基础情况拟定初步尺寸。The preliminary dimensions are assumed according to the type of
7、 super structure and foundation.10.交通事故是指。 。 。物质损失A traffic accident denotes the event in which personal injury or death or property damage is caused by vehicles in traffic.11.在路面中，低基层In the roadway ,the subbase can act as an independent layer,or doesnt exist at all.12.这种结构的例子。 。就有记载。The examples of
8、 this type of construction were recorded along time ago.13.悬臂施工的主要优点是。The principal advantage of the cantilever construction is to eliminate the falsework.14.我们必须注意防结冰损坏We should pay attention to chemical compound of preventing freezing whose adverse parts will cause the deck damage of the bridge.15
9、.合理的路堤施工要求土壤。 。 。 。The proper embankment construction requires that the soil be spread in layers, and compacted at a moisture content near optimum.16.电子计算机的应用使得精确分析高次超静定问题成为可能。The application of electronic computers makes it possible to precisely analyze the highly statically indeterminate systems.1
10、7.差不多在所有工程项目中， 。 。 。 。Construction is a complicated process on almost all engineering projects.18.虽然在白天发生在晚上It seems that the traffic transportation is much busier in the day-time but about 1/3 accidents take place at night.19.软岩隧道不需要使用炸药The main feature of the construction of the loose-rock tunnel
11、is that no gunpowder is needed in the process.9.阅读理解(12)Research is one of the most.structural materials.1. Research is one of(the most important).2. A research is often employed (in a laboratory).3. A research usually(scientists and engineers).(11)The current tendency.as part of the mixture1. The c
12、urrent tendency (to develop lighter materials).2. An aluminum weighs (much less than steel).3. An aluminum has (many of the same .).(10)The employer or promoter by the promoter1. The conditions by (the promoter).2. The obligations that (the contractor).3. In most cases 。 。 。 （it has been accepted）.(
13、9) Vehicular safety design1. According to the passage, which is not mentioned？(brake pedal)2. According to the passage, which become standard (four-way emergency flashers)3. According to the passage, which design is described? (Vehicular safety)(8)Clearing the site precedesbe required1. According to
14、 the passage, .?(site clearing)2. According to the passage,(earth)is not3. If all vegetable(the vegetable grow fast)4. Sometimes clearing(adjacent areas )(6)That works must beon these matters1. The work must be.(the employers representative)2. The employer might be able to(postpone indefinitely).(5)
15、Civil engineering feasibility studies.1. Civil engineering (almost always distinctive).2. Each project(must be studied carefully)3. The study, which (feasibility study)4. Which of ?(Today civil engineering)(4)In the universitymust be considered1.Mathematics is(it is greatly stressed)2.Statistics dea
16、ls with(gathering,calssifying or pieces of information)3.An important aspect of statistical(probability)4.Which is the main meaning of the passage?(Mathematics is very)(3)Materials are usually .any previous blasting1. According to the passage, .?(common)2. Loose rock(loaders or shovels)(2)We all ent
17、er intoother structures.1. Which of the following is true?( We all enter into contracts almost everyday)2. We enter into contracts for the supply of goods(we dont need to enter into length negotiations)3. The contracts for the sale and.(must be made in a particular form)4. Two parities of the contra
18、ct .he is liable for breach of contract)(1)Altogether, threethe opposite direction.1. Horizontal forces (act sideways).2. Forces acting at(horizontal and vertical forces)3. The horizontal forces must (there is not too much thrust either to the right or to the left)4. Which of the following is true?(
19、there forces acting on a structure must be kept in balance).填空1. Excavation is the process(waste deposit)2. (Clearing) the site precedesoperations.3. Rock nearly always must(power shovel).4. No attempt was made to control.(moisture)5. Causes of automobile can .(pedestrian).6. Another improvement in
20、driver.(rearview).7. Areas of research (soil stabilization)8. An important aspect of(probability)9. (Prestressed) concrete is10. This sum is known as (retention )money .(defects)11. Material for embankment commonly comes.(borrow areas).12. Loose rock includes materials(weathered or rotten).13. The r
21、edesign of (ventilating).14. The safe performance of.(heavy-duty)15. The new design standards.(guard)16. Engineers often works.(consultants).17. The weight of the structure.(dead load).18. When planning a structure (live load).19. A simple contract consists (agreement).20. Relocation and reduction i
22、n height(pedal).21. Thus, (on-the-job)22. Large projects ordinarily y(systems engineer).23. Young engineers may (environmental).24. As a structural (tensile strength). 25. Modern cement,called (Portland cement)26. The three forces that can (vertical force)27. The word contact is derived from.(drawn)
23、. 28. to the contract is(liable) for breach of29. contractor is not entiled to any (payment)选择1. Removal, relocation,and redesign. (safe)2. To avoid the driving after (breath test)3. The rubber-tired tractor units(wet)4. There are(many) variables in earthmoving.5. (Volume)change would result in .6.
24、In the employs interest (abandoned).7. A tender is normally required(offer).8. The term (embankment)9. Modern practice requires that(carefully).10. In fills constructed by end dumping (vary)11. In addition,the (weather)12. Thrust is the pressure (its other parts)13. Today, scientific (in advance)14.
25、 The force which (impact)15. In tension (pulled apart)16. The actual degree of safety (different)17. finally, individual(as)18. Safe highways are (expensive) and 19. Basically, cause of (into)20. The (advantage) vehicle21. No figures (are)22. for the drivers (enlarged)23. The safe performance (under
26、)24. The highway can (physical)25. There is a great deal (do to)26. Computer program is now(curricula)27. The relationship(closer)28. A ctive (recruiting)29. They may prefer to(deals)30. The civil engineer may work(supervision)31. The principal construction materials of(masonry brick).32. Steel has
27、great tensile strength(complement). 33. Some contracts(form)34. By setting down the terms of (disputers).35. (The contractor) is not entitled36. it is normal practice(an)37. Dams, bridges and other large(systems).38. Electrical and mechanical engineers(design).39. It involves scheduling (low)40. Muc
28、h of work(outdoors).41. In his case, layer (predetermined)42. nearly （all ）vegetable43. There are two(result).44. Loose rock is (tractor-scraper).45. Terminology concerned (with).46. Concrete is very (versatile).47. (Steel) rods are48. One system that(cut).49. The modern engineer (defferent).50. A s
29、imple contract(two or more parties).51. Generally, civil engineering (interim certificates).52. it does not (unusually).53. In most cases (withdrawn).54. The law relation(a legal obligation).55. When we enter (pay).56. If there is no(a dispute).57. Roadbeds (underlie).58. Where material is(cheapest)
30、.59. The rubber-tired(wet).60. There are (many).61. Many different (corporations).62. Construction can be(dangerous).63. The prospective(demands).64. When a saw (in tension).65. Modern cement (limestone and clay)66. Civil engineers work on (structures).67. In designing buildings, (consultants).68. C
31、omputer cant (a good program).69. Construction is a (complicated)process70. construction can be very(dangerous).71. for example, (dams) are72. the prospective civil engineer (demands).73. In Rome, most (insoles).74. The weight of(live load).75. In compression (pushed).76. (Vertical) force acts77. Th
32、e Romans are used a natural(volcanic ash).78. Different proportions(defferent).79. Vehicular safety design usually(upon).80. A main source (drunken).81. The use of uniform (as well as).82. Another improvement in driver(outside). 83. Public agencies (to be).84. The needs generated(in).85. Layered con
33、struction also (itself).86. (Volume) changes would87. Usually there are (many).88. Priestesses concrete(improved)89. One system that (cut).90. Many great buildings (thick stone walls).91. We all enter into contract(transportation).92. Once a person has signed(approved).93. In an entire contract(the
34、employer).94. In the employers interest that(abandoned)95. The contractor is (full).96. That civil engineering works (representative).97. The employer or (promoter)of civil98. The employer dose not usually(advertisement).99. The employer is entitled to know(engineers). 100. Roadbeds(underlie)highway
35、 pavement101. For moderate and longer (lower )102. Usually there are (no) easy103. Material for (embankment) commonly 104. (Field) control is largely105. A track or wheel type bulldozer is(suitable)106. Highway maintenance activities can (to)107. The actual cost of any single (difficult)108. it is often (impossible).109. Computer are (useless)unless they are 110. Current trend is to require (social)sciences111. For the student who is preparing to (civil)112. Indeed, the choice is (large)and varied
