1、.核心必记单词1.convey vt.运送，输送；表达2.unfortunately adv.遗憾地，不幸地，可惜地3.unbelievable adj.非常坏(或非常好、非常极端)的，令人难以置信的believe v.相信；认为belief n.看法，信念4.postpone vt.延迟，延期5.undertake vi.& vt.承担，从事；承诺，答应6.enlarge vi.& vt.扩大，扩展，增大 7.growth n.增加，增长；成长，生长 grow vt.种植；vi.增长；成长；生长8.split vi.& vt.分割， (使)分开；撕开，割破9.annual adj.每年的，一
2、年一次的annually adv.一年一次地10.arise vi.出现，产生11.aggressive adj.好斗的，挑衅的，富于攻击性的12.fine vt.处以罚金13.drunk adj.喝醉的；n.醉汉，酒鬼14.load n.负荷，负载，大量，许多；vt .装载，装上，装入.阅读识记单词15.outer adj.远离中心的，外围的；外表的，表层的16.via prep.经由，经过(某一地方 )；通过，凭借17.section n.部分；部件；部门18.choke vi.& vt.(使)窒息；(使)哽咽；塞满，堵塞；n.哽咽声，呛住的声音19.authority n.权力，权威；官
3、方，当权者；批准，授权20.prime adj.首要的，主要的；n.盛年，鼎盛时期21.user-friendly adj.方便用户的，便于使用的22.anniversary n.周年纪念日23.subway n.地铁24.enquiry n.询问，咨询；调查，查究，探究enquire vt .& vi.询问，打听25.handful n.少量的人或物；一把(的量)26.detail n.具体情况，详情，细节detailed adj .详细的，细致的27.reservation n.预订，预约；保留意见 reserve v.保留；预订；储备；n.贮藏(物)；储备28.timetable n.时
4、间表，时刻表29.departure n.离开，出发；背离，违反depart vi.离开，出发30.punctual adj.准时的，守时的 punctually adv.准时地31.pedestrian n.行人，步行者 ；adj.行人(使用) 的32.crash n.& vi.& vt.撞车；碰撞；倒闭；崩溃33.violate vt.违犯，违反；侵犯34.brake n.刹车，车闸；vt.用车闸减速，刹车35.crossing n.人行横道；十字路口，交叉点；穿越语境活用 用所给词的正确形式填空1.We shared the belief(believe) that if youre f
5、ortunate enough to have success，you should put something back.2.I will develop and follow a personal growth(grow) plan for my life.(2016江苏)3.I am an enthusiastic supporter of Project Hope and my wife and I contribute to it annually(annual).4.Youd better make seat reservations(reserve) well in advanc
6、e in case all the seats are occupied when you arrive.5.The committee has handed in a detailed(detail) account of the development of the atom bomb to the government.6.We were planning to enlarge(large) the garden when we got the news that this area would be rebuilt.7.On his departure(depart) for the
7、airport，I found his passport left on the table.8.Is it he or you who are in charge of the job and supposed to complete it punctually(punctual)?9.The firefighters rapidly unload(load) the water hose，ready to pump water to put out the fire.10.From her choked(choke) voice I can tell that something unpl
8、easant has happened to her.1.under-前缀动词(1)undertake 承担，从事；承诺，答应(2)underwrite 写在下面；承保(3)underline 在 下画线(4)underestimate 低估(5)undergo 遭受，经历2.-sive 后缀形容词(1)aggressive 好斗的；挑衅的；富于攻击性的(2)offensive 冒犯的；极其讨厌的；攻击性的(3)passive 被动的；消极的(4)impressive 令人印象深刻的(5)massive 大量的，巨大的3.-ation 后缀名词(1)reservation 预订，预约；保留意见
9、(2)qualification 资格，资历(3)reputation 名誉，名声(4)congratulation 祝贺，恭喜(5)immigration 移民，移居(6)inspiration 灵感；启发灵感的人(或事物)1.drop off 中途下客或卸货2.traffic jam 堵车，交通堵塞3.link up 联合，连接4.at (.) intervals 每隔距离或时间5.put through 给某人接通(电话)；使经历6.decide on/upon 决定，选定7.put off 推迟，推延；使反感8.turn up 出现，到来；调高(音量等)9. fill in 填写( 表
10、格) ；消磨(时间)10.a handful of 少数的，少量的11.split up 分组，分解；分离12.speed up (使)加速13.arise from 起因于，由引起语境活用 用上述黑体短语的正确形式填空1.My friend emailed back to tell me she had split up with her husband for months.2.According to the weather forecast，it will rain tomorrow，in which case，well have to put off the sports meet
11、till next Saturday.3.Its reported that more and more cities are faced with the problem of road safety and the deaths arising from it.4.It was reported that the two spacecraft linked up with each other in orbit yesterday.5.It was a remarkable coincidence that John should turn up here just when we nee
12、ded him.6.Can you speed up a little? Ill be late for my flight.7.My interest in sports has dropped off since I became a high school student.1.盘点“动词up”短语(1)link up 连接(2)speed up 加快速度(3)bring up 抚养(4)put up 举起，建起；提供；供给住宿(5)take up 拿起；开始从事；占据(时间、空间)(6)clear up 天气放晴；整理；消除2.fill 短语(1)fill in 填写(2)fill ou
13、t 填写；膨胀；变胖(3)fill up 充满；(使)填满；装满(4)be filled with 充满3.“动词through”短语(1)go through 仔细察看；经历；遭受(2)get through 完成；接通(电话) ；通过(考试) ；穿过(马路等)；用完(3)look through 快速查看；浏览(4)live through 经历(灾难或其他困境)而幸存(5)see through 看透，看穿，识破( 骗局等)1.would have done 本会However，most trains to London only went to the outer city limit
14、s，because building railway tracks into the city would have damaged many old buildings.但大部分通往伦敦的火车只到外伦敦的边界，因为在市区修建铁路会损坏许多古建筑。2.现在分词的完成式作状语Having seen the situation，a wealthy American businessman，Charles Yerkes，undertook the job of improving the system in 1902.看到这种情况，一名叫查尔斯耶基斯的美国富商于 1902 年承担起了改善( 地铁)系
15、统的工程3.Why not.？为什么不 呢？So，why not take a trip on the oldest underground system today?所以，今天为什么不乘坐世界上最古老的地铁观赏一番呢？句式仿写1.我当时系着安全带。如果没系的话，我会受伤的。I was wearing a seatbelt.If I hadnt been wearing one，I would have been injured.2.工作了两天后，史蒂夫设法准时完成了报告。Having worked for two days，Steve managed to finish his report
16、 on schedule.3.但是为什么不现在就开始呢？But why not start now？postpone vt.推迟，延期postpone doing.推迟做postpone.to/until.延迟到(1)Lets postpone making a decision until we have more information.咱们在获得更多情报之后再做决定吧。(2)Because it was raining，we postponed the match to/until tomorrow.因为下雨，我们把比赛推迟到明天举行。undertake vt.着手做；从事；承担；许诺，
17、答应；试图undertaken./pron.承担undertake to do 着手做；答应做undertake that.答应(1)He undertakes to study hard from now on./He undertakes that he will study hard from now on.他答应从现在起努力学习。(2)China will greater international responsibilities.This not only meets the expectations of the international community，but also
18、serves Chinas own interests.A.guarantee B.sponsorC.concentrate D.undertake答案 D解析 guarantee 保证，担保；sponsor 赞助，发起；concentrate 专心于，注意；undertake 承担，从事。undertake responsibilities 承担责任，中国日益发展，作为大国在世界所肩负的责任，不是靠保证，不是来发起，也不只是关注(这里 concentrate 需与 on 搭配)，而是出于意愿去承担。故选 D。split vi.& vt.分割，使 分开；撕开，割破；分担split up 分组；
19、使解散；分离；断绝关系split up into 分开成几个部分split away/off from使从脱离/分裂出去(1)Shes split up with her boyfriend because of different characters.由于性格不合，她已和男友分手了。(2)A class with 40 kids is more likely to opposing groups than one with 20，which may explain why students tend to do better in smaller classes.A.look into B
20、.split intoC.break into D.run into答案 B解析 句意为：一个有 40 个孩子的班级比一个只有 20 个孩子的班级更容易分成对立组，这也许可以解释为什么小班的学生学得更好。split (up) into 分开( 成几部分)，符合句意。arise vi.出现；发生；起身；起床arise from/out of.由 引 起 ；由 产 生 ；从 中 产 生 ，相 当 于 result from。写出下列句子中黑体词的汉语意思(1)Seeing his mother return home，the boy arose from his chair immediately
21、.起身；站起(2)No further financial problems arose，but we once couldnt make both ends meet.出现(3)They arose at sunrise to get an early start to the park.起床易错点拨arise 作“呈现；出现；发生”之意时，主语多为抽象名词，如：argument，problem ，quarrel，question ，movement 等，多指不好的事情发生。词义辨析 arise，rise，raise(1)arise vi.，意为“出现；发生；起因于” 。(2)rise vi
22、.，意为“升起；上升；起身；增长” 。(3)raise vt.，意为“提升；举起；饲养；抚养；提出” 。用 arise，rise，raise 的正确形式填空(4)This is a problem arising out of the lack of communication.(5)The book raises many important issues for our consideration.(6)The river has risen by several metres so far.load n.负担；负荷；大量，许多vt.装载；装入，装上(1)take a load off o
23、nes mind 卸下心头重负loads ofa load of 许多(2)load.with.用装载load.into/onto.把装入(到)load up 装载be loaded with 负载(1)Knowing that they had arrived safely took a load off my mind.得知他们已安全到达，我如释重负。(2)There are loads of/a load of great places to see in Australia.在澳大利亚有很多值得看的好地方。(3)The goods the truck is loaded with co
24、nsist mainly of food and medicine.卡车装载的货物主要是食品和药物。易错点拨a load of/loads of 后可跟可数或不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与 of 后的名词取得一致。decide on/upon 决定；选定(1)decide to do.(decide on doing.)决定做decide not to do.( decide against doing)决定不做decide between 在之间选择It be decided that.决定(2)make a decision 做决定(1)He decided to go abro
25、ad./He decided on going abroad.他决定出国。(2)The girl decided not to marry the doctor./The girl decided against marrying the doctor.这位姑娘决定不嫁给这位医生。(3)It has been decided that he shall be given the job.已决定给他这份工作。speed up 使加速；加快(1)at high/low/full/top speed 以高/低/ 全/最高速with all speed 以最快速度，开足马力地at a speed of
26、 以速度(2)slow down 减速(1)The car slowed down at the turning，so I speeded up to catch up with it.那辆车在拐弯的地方减速了，于是我加速赶上了它。(2)The car went at a speed of 100 kilometers an hour.那辆车以每小时 100 公里的速度开过去了。熟词生义 写出下列句子中黑体词的汉语意思(3)Drivers who are caught speeding risk a heavy fine.违章超速行驶易错点拨speed 的过去式、过去分词有两种形式：speed
27、ed，speeded 或 sped，sped，但当它与副词 up连用时，通常只用规则形式。Having seen the situation，a wealthy American businessman，Charles Yerkes， undertook the job of improving the system in 1902.看到这种情况，一名叫查尔斯耶基斯的美国富商于 1902 年承担起了改善 地铁系统的工程句 型 ：现 在 分 词 的 完 成 式 作 状 语having done sth.以及 having been done 是现在分词的完成式，表示该动作先于主句的谓语动词完成，
28、在句子中可作时间状语和原因状语。(1)Many Chinese brands， their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market.(2017江苏，21)A.having developedB.being developedC.developedD.developing答案 A解析 句意为：很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉，它们正面临着现代市场带来的新挑战。 “ their reputations over centuries”在句中作状语，修饰整个句子。句子主语many Chin
29、ese brands 与动词 develop 之间是主动关系，且句中有延续性的时间状语 over centuries，这里应该用现在分词的完成式表示主动和延续性的动作，因此选 A。句式升级(2)Over the past ten months，I have been working deep into the night.Therefore，I believe I can succeed and enter the ideal college.(用非谓语动词作状语改写)Having been working deep into the night for ten months，I believ
30、e I can succeed and enter the ideal college.So，why not take a trip on the oldest underground system today？所以，今天为什么不乘坐世界上最古老的地铁观赏一番呢？句 型 ：Why not.？(1)Why not.？有三重含义：表示建议，意为“为什么不做呢？做如何？”why not 跟不带 to 的不定式，即Why not do.？ Why dont/wont you do.？；表示对否定陈述的回答，意为“为什么不；为什么是那样？” ；表示同意，意为“当然可以，好啊” 。(2)Why is it
31、 that.？是因为什么？( 强调句)(1)Why not buy a second-hand car first if you dont have enough money for a new one?如果你的钱不够买辆新车，你为什么不先买辆二手车呢？(2)Shall we go to the station on foot? A.Thats right. B.Im afraid not.C.Why not? D.I think so.答案 C解析 句意为：我们步行去车站好吗？行啊。Thats right.对，正确；Im afraid not.恐怕不行；Why not？行啊；为什么不呢？；I
32、 think so.我认为如此。根据语境可知问句是提出建议，下文要使用回答建议的用语，故选 C 项。.教材与任务型阅读，每空一词The first underground in the world1.Reasons for the development of the underground systemA 2.small number of trains went to the city centre. The increased number of vehicles on the road 3.caused unbelievable traffic jams.Development bef
33、ore World WarIn 1863，the initial tunnels were opened. In 1868，the next section of the underground system was opened in the 4.south of London. In 1884，the underground service was 5.provided in the middle of London and the first railway tunnel under the River Thames was dug. Over the next twenty-five
34、years，six independent deep underground lines were constructed.After a rich American businessman bought the lines,6.connections were built between train lines.Special 7.uses/functions during World War Bomb 8.shelters，an underground airplane factory，an anti-aircraft centre and meeting rooms.Expansion
35、after World WarAfter World War more people 9.took/chose the underground，so more lines were added. Twelve lines have been opened,10.going 26 miles out of central London.There are over 3 million people traveling on the underground daily.教材与话题写作近年来，由于汽车数量的增加及电动车等交通工具的使用，交通事故频发，因此如何减少此类事故的发生成为一个人们关心的话题。
36、请你就交通事故与道路安全发表自己的看法，内容要包括下列要点：1.司机要遵守交通法规，专注驾驶；2.行人和骑电动车和自行车的人要避免过于靠近车辆。注意：1.请根据以上内容要点写一篇 80 词左右的短文；2.尽量使用本单元的知识点；3.可以适当增加细节。参考范文In recent years，the increasing number of cars and the popularity of e-bikes have created many problems linked to serious traffic accidents，so road safety has become a grea
37、t public concern.As road users，the drivers as well as cyclists and pedestrians should take a responsibility to avoid accidents.The drivers，instead of violating the traffic regulations，should respect them strictly.Focus their attention on the road while driving.Avoid being aggressive in traffic jams.Speeding and drunk driving must be banned，too.The cyclists and pedestrians should also be aware of the importance of road safety.Travelling on the road，they should never get too close to the traffic and never ignore the traffic lights.
