1、,英语句型结构与句子成分划分,句子成分的定义,构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语等。,主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不当疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。划分下列句子的主语：,During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.We often speak English in class. One-third of the s
2、tudents in this class are girls. To swim in the river is a great pleasure. Smoking does harm to the health.The rich should help the poor. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. It is necessary to master a foreign language.,谓语： 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：
3、1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.(2)由系动词加表语构成。 如：We are students.,划分下列句子的谓语成分We appreciate what you have done for us. Time and tide wait for no man. Mr. Brown is an excellent engineer
4、. The situation seems quite normal in my opinion. She has been studying English for scores of years. We should be modest and honest.,表语： 表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。,划出句中表语：例如：,Our teacher of English is an Americ
5、an. Is it yours? The weather has turned cold. The speech is exciting. Three times seven is twenty one? His job is to teach English. His hobby is playing football.The machine must be out of order.Time is up. The class is over. The truth is that he has never been abroad.,宾语： 宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后
6、面。,划出句中的宾语：例如：,They went to see an exhibition yesterday. The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time. How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. They helped the old with their housework yesterday. He pretended not to see me. I enjoy listening to popular music. I think（that）he is f
7、it for his office.I think it interesting to learn English.,直接宾语和间接宾语,有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。 一般的顺序为：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。eg: Give me a cup of tea,please.强调间接宾语顺序为： 动词 + 直接宾语 + to/for + 间接宾语。 Eg. Show this house to Mr.Smith.Father bought a ne
8、w bicycle for me.,宾语补足语： 英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。,划出下列句中的宾语补足语:,His father named him Dongming. They painted their boat white. Let the fresh air in. You mustnt force him to lend his money to you. We saw her entering t
9、he room. We found everything in the lab in good order.,定语： 修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。一个句子做定语就叫做定语从句. 一般情况下,单个的词做定语修饰名词放于名词前, 短语或句子做定语修饰名词放于名词后. 定语可由以下等成分表示：,划出下列句中的定语.,Guilin is a beautiful city. China is a developing country; America is a developed country. There are thirty women teachers is our school.
10、His rapid progress in English made us surprised. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. He is reading an article about how to learn English.,状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作程度,方向或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：,划出下列句中的状语.,Light travels most quic
11、kly. He has lived in the city for ten years. He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination. He is in the room making a model plane. Wait a minute. Once you begin, you must continue.,状语种类如下： How about meeting again at six?（时间状语） Last night she didnt go to the dance party becaus
12、e of the rain.（原因状语）I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（条件状语） Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）,She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语） She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语） He was so tired that he fell
13、 asleep immediately.（结果状语） She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语） I am taller than he is.（比较状语）,句子成分划分,1.Subject (主语) The sun rises in the east. 2.Predicate.（谓语） We study English. 3. Object（宾语） We love China. 4. Predictive（表语） We are Chinese. 5.Attributive/Attribute（定语） This is a difficult pro
14、blem. 6.Completement(补语) We elected him monitor. 7.Adverbial（状语） He runs fast. 8.Appositive（同位语） This is Miss Lin, my teacher.9.Parenthesis（插入语） To be frank, I dont agree with you.,句子的结构,一、句子类型,简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语动词（或并列谓语动词）构成的句子。1) 简单句的类别 1.陈述句（肯定句、否定句） 2.疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意 3.祈使句 4.感叹句 How + adj. (
15、 +S + V) ! What + n. ( +S + V) !,2) 简单句的基本词序 主语 谓语 宾语 状语I bought a hat yesterday. The children ran home. The taxi driver shouted at me angrily. We ate our meal in silence. The car stopped suddenly.A young girl walked confidently on the stage.,简单句的五种基本句型,1、主语+不及物动词：e.g. We work. 2、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g. Hen
16、ry bought a dictionary. 3、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g. My father bought me a car. 4、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh. 5、主语+系动词+表语：e.g. He is a student.注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。,(2)、并列句：由两个或两个以上地位相等而又相互独立的简单句构成，两个简单句由并列连词连在一起。 其结构是： 简单句+并列连词+简单句 1. I help him and he helps me . 2.
17、He failed many times but he wasnt discouraged. 3. We must hurry, or we shall miss the train. 4. Not only did he write to us but also he came here yesterday. 5. Either he didnt speak clearly or I didnt hear well.,并列句的分类,1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等连接。e.g. The teachers name
18、is Smith, and the students name is John. 2、表示选择，常用or, eitheror, otherwise等。e.g. Hurry up, or youll miss the train. 3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。 e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有s
19、o, for, therefore等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.,复合句：简单句中的某一个成分由一个句子来充当。,名词性从句的划分是根据从句在整个主句中的位置划分的，任何一个句子位于某成分的位置上，它就构成了相应的。语的从句。1) What he said just now is right. 2) He said that he had seen the film. 3) This is why he didnt go to sc
20、hool. 4) The news that he has passed the exam made me happy.引导名词性从句的连词有: that, which, if, whether, who, whom, whose, when ,how, where, why, ever.,2.修饰性从句：定语从句,1) The man who is standing there is White. 2) The building which was built last year is a school. 3) This is the place where I lived.引导定语从句的连词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why，as.,3. 副词性从句：状语从句,条件、时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、比较、让步状语从句引导状语从句的连词有：when, while, as, as soon as, after, since, until, till, where, if, unless, because, in order that, sothat, though, wherever, whenever, as as, not soas, than,
