1、第 1 页 共 154 页新版运动医学相关词汇比哆醇 ( 维生素 B6 ) = pyroxidine ( vitamin B6 ) 生育酚 ( 维生素 E ) = alpha tocopherol ( vitamin E ) 波 ( 脑波 ) = alpha wave ( brainwave ) 波 ( 脑波 ) = beta wave ( brainwave ) 波 ( 脑波 ) = delta wave ( brainwave ) 波 ( 脑波 ) = theta wave ( brainwave )ABO 系统 ( 血型 ) = ABO system ( blood group )B 细
2、胞 = B cellRh 系统 = rhesus systemRh 阴性 ( Rh 系统 ) = rhesus-negative ( rhesus system )Rh 阳性 ( Rh 系统 ) = rhesus-positive ( rhesus system )T 细胞 = T cell第 2 页 共 154 页X 光 ( 放射线摄影术 ) = X-ray ( radiography )X 染色体 ( 性染色体 ) = X chromosome ( sex chromosome )Y 染色体 ( 性染色体 ) = Y chromosome ( sex chromosome )一划乙状结肠(
3、 结肠 ) = sigmoid colon ( colon )二划二尖瓣( 心瓣膜 ) = bicuspid valve ( heart valve )二尖齿( 前臼齿 ) = bicuspid ( premolar )二倍体细胞 = diploid cell二氧化碳( 无机化合物 ) = carbon dioxidel / CO2 ( inorganie compound )人口( 死亡率 ) = population ( mortality rate )人工肾脏( 透析 ) = artificial kidney ( dialysis )第 3 页 共 154 页人工节律器( 窦房结 )
4、= artificial pacemaker ( sinoatrial node )人工瓣膜( 心瓣膜 ) = artificial valve ( heart valve )人工关节 = artificial joint人字缝( 骨缝 ) = lambdoid suture ( suture )人乳( 乳汁 ) = human milk ( milk )人体生物学 = human biology ( biology )人类免疫不全病毒(人类免疫不全病毒) = Human Immunodeficiency virus ( HIV)人类基因组计画( 基因组 ) = Human Genome Pr
5、oject ( gemone )人体系统 = body system十二指肠 = duodemun三划三甘油酯( 脂肪 ) = triglyceride ( fat )第 4 页 共 154 页三尖瓣( 心瓣膜 ) = tricuspid valve ( heart valve )三角肌 = deltoid三角骨( 腕骨 ) = triquetrum ( carpal )三胞胎( 多胎妊娠 ) = triplets ( multiple pregnancy )三级支气管( 支气管 ) = tertiary bronchus ( bronchus )下位的 = inferior下直肌( 眼直肌
6、) = inferior rectus ( rectus eye muscle )下肢 = lower extremity下食道括约肌( 幽门括约肌 ) = lower oesophageal sphincter ( pyloric sphincter )下唇降肌( 口轮匝肌 ) = depressor labii inferioris ( orbicularis oris )下斜肌( 眼斜肌 ) = inferior oblique ( oblique eye muscle )下腔静脉( 腔静脉 ) = inferior vena cava ( vena cava )第 5 页 共 154
7、页下视丘 = hypothalamus下鼻甲( 颜面骨 ) = inferior nasal coneha ( facial bone )下颌( 颌骨 ) = lower jaw ( jaw )下颌骨( 颜面骨 ) = mandible ( facial bone )下臂( 上肢 ) = lower arm ( upper extremity )上皮( 上皮组织 ) = epithelium ( epithelial tissue )上皮组织 = epithelial tissue上位的 = superior上直肌( 眼直肌 ) = superior rectus ( rectus eye m
8、uscle )上肢 = upper extremity上唇提肌( 口轮匝肌 ) = levator labii superioris ( orbicularis oris )上斜肌( 眼斜肌 ) = superior oblique ( sblique eye muscle )第 6 页 共 154 页上腔静脉( 腔静脉 ) = superior vena cave ( vena cave )上颌( 颌骨 ) = upper jaw ( jaw )上颌骨( 颜面骨 ) = maxilla / maxillae ( facial bone )上臂( 上肢 ) = upper arm ( uppe
9、r extremity)上颚犬齿( 犬齿 ) = eye teeth ( canine )上睑提肌( 眼轮匝肌 ) = levator palpebrae superioris ( orbicularis oculi )丸，丸剂( 避孕用具 ) = pill ( contraceptive )千卡( 千焦耳 ) = kilocalorie / kcal ( kilojoule )千焦耳( kj ) = kilojoule ( kh )口 = mouth口角降肌( 笑肌 ) = depressor anguli oris ( risorius )口角提肌( 笑肌) = levator angul
10、i oris ( risorius )第 7 页 共 154 页口渴( 营养 ) = thirst ( nutrition )口腔( 口 ) = oral cavity ( mouth )口轮匝肌 = orbicularis oris大分子( 分子 ) = macromolecule ( molecule )大阴唇( 阴道 ) = labia majora ( vagina )大量营养素 = macronutrient大肠 = large intestine大脑 = cerebrum大脑半球( 大脑 ) = cerebral hemisphere ( cerebrum )大脑疲质( 大脑 )
11、= cerebral cortex ( cerebrum )大腿( 下肢 ) = thigh ( lower extremity )大腿( 下肢 ) = upper leg ( lower cxtremity )第 8 页 共 154 页大腿骨( 股骨 ) = thighbone ( femur )大隐静脉( 股静脉 ) = great saphenous vein ( femoral vein )子宫 = uterus / womb子宫内膜( 月经周期 ) = endometrium ( menstrual cycle )子宫颈( 子宫 ) = cervix ( uterus )小动脉( 动
12、脉 ) = arteriole ( artery )小阴唇( 阴道 ) = labia minora ( vagina )小肠 = small intestine小脑 = cerebellum小叶( 肝细胞 ) = lobule ( hepatocyte )小叶( 肝 ) = lobule ( lung )小腿( 下肢 ) = lower leg ( lower extremity )小静脉( 静脉 ) = venule ( vein )第 9 页 共 154 页干扰素 = interferon弓 = arch四划不孕 = infertility不表现的( 基因型 ) = unexpresse
13、d ( genotype )不相容血液( 血型 ) = incompatible blood ( blood group )不动关节( 关节 ) = fixed joint ( joint )不溶性纤维( 膳食纤维质 ) = insoluble fibre ( dietary fibre )不随意肌( 平滑肌 ) = involuntary muscle ( smooth muscle )不饱和的( 油 ) = unsaturated ( oil )中子( 原子 ) = neutron ( atom )中心粒( 纺锤体 ) = centriole ( spindle )第 10 页 共 154
14、 页中央窝( 视网膜 ) = fovea ( retina )中央管( 脑脊髓液 ) = central canal ( cerebrospinal fluid )中耳 = middle ear中风( 栓塞 ) = stroke ( thrombosis )中胚层( 分化 ) = mesoderm ( differentiation )中暑( 温度调节 ) = heatstroke ( thermoregulation )中轴 = axis中轴骨胳 = axial skeleton中脑( 脑干 ) = midbrain ( brain stem )中隔( 心脏 ) = septum ( hea
15、rt )中线( 中轴 ) = midline ( axis )中枢神经系统( 神经系统 ) = central nervous system / CNS ( nervous system )第 11 页 共 154 页元素 = element内分泌系统 = endocrine system内分泌腺( 腺体 ) = endocrine gland ( gland )内分泌学 = endocrinology内出血( 出血 ) = internal haemorrhage ( haemorrhage )内刺激( 刺激 ) = internal stimulus ( stimulus )内在环境( 环
16、境 ) = internal environment ( enviromment )内收 = adduction内收肌( 内收 ) = adductor ( adduction )内收大肌( 内收长肌 ) = adductor magnus ( adductor longus )内收短肌( 内收长肌 ) = adductor brevis ( adductor longus )内耳 = inner ear内呼吸( 呼吸 ) = internal respiration ( reapiration )第 12 页 共 154 页内直肌( 眼直肌 ) = medial rectus ( rectu
17、s eye muscle )内胚层( 分化 ) = endoderm ( differentiation )内侧的 = medial内斜肌( 外斜肌 ) = internal oblique ( external oblique )内视镜( 内视镜检查 ) = endoscope ( endoscopy )内视镜检查 = endoscopy内质网 = endoplasmic reticulum / ER六零六( 艾希利 ) = salvarsan ( Paul Ehrlich )分子 = molecule分化 = differentiation分泌( 腺体 ) = secretion ( gl
18、and )分娩( 生产 ) = parturition ( birth )第 13 页 共 154 页分娩第一期( 阵痛 ) = first stage of labour ( labour )分娩第二期( 分娩 ) = second stage of labour ( laborur )分娩第三期( 分娩 ) = third stage of labour ( labour )分裂球( 卵裂 ) = blastomere ( cleavage )分节 = segmentation分叶( 肺 ) = segment ( lung )分解代谢 = catabolism分解代谢反应( 分解代谢 )
19、 = catabolic reaction ( catabolism )分解激素 = hormone breaddown化学反应 = chemical reaction化学抵抗 = chemical resistance化合物 = chemical compound化学能( 能量 ) = chemical energy ( energy )第 14 页 共 154 页化学受器 = chemoreceptor化学键 = chemical bond升结肠( 结肠 ) = ascending colon ( colon )反射 = reflelx反射弧 = reflex arc反应( 刺激 ) =
20、response ( stimulus )天花 = smallpox尺神经 = ulnar nerve尺骨 = ulna尺侧屈腕肌( 手部屈肌 ) = flexor carpi ulnaris ( flexor of the hand )巴托林 = Bartholin , Csspar巴甫洛夫 = Pavlov , Ivan第 15 页 共 154 页巴斯德 = Pasteur , Louis巴齐尼氏小体( 机械性受器 ) = Pancinian corpuscle ( mechanoreceptor )引起过敏的( 过敏原 ) = allergenic ( allergen )心力衰竭( 心
21、脏病发作 ) = heart failure ( heart attack )心包囊( 心脏 ) = pericardium ( heart )心肌 = cardiac muscle心肌梗塞( 心脏病发作 ) = myocardial infarction ( heart attack )心房 = atrium / atria心房收缩( 心抟 ) = atrial systole ( heartbeat )心室( 心脏 ) = ventricle ( heart )心室收缩( 心抟 ) = ventricular systole ( heartbeat )心舒期( 心抟 ) = diastol
22、e ( heartbeat )第 16 页 共 154 页心抟心跳 = heartbeat心抟周期( 心抟 ) = heartbeat cycle ( heartbeat )心跳速率 = heart rate心电图( 心电图仪 ) = ECG / electrocardiogram ( electrocardiograph )心电图仪 = electrocardiograph心瓣膜 = heart valve心脏 = heart心脏血管系统( 循环系统 ) = cardiovascular system ( circulatory system )心脏病发作 = heart attack心脏病
23、学 = cardiology手 = hand手指( 指骨 ) = finger / digit ( phalanx of the hand )第 17 页 共 154 页手部伸肌 = extensor of the hand手部屈肌 = flexor of the hand支气管 = bronchus / bronchi支气管分支 = bronchial tree月状骨( 腕骨 ) = lunate ( carpal )月经 = menstruation月经周期 = menstrual cycle止痛剂( 药物 ) = analgesic ( drug )比目鱼肌( 跟腱 ) = soleus
24、 ( Achilles tendon )比沙 = Bichat , Marie Francois毛细胞 = hair cell毛发 = hair第 18 页 共 154 页毛囊( 毛发 ) = hair follicle ( hair )水 = water / H2O水痘 = chickenpox水溶性纤维生素 = water-soluble vitamins水样波( 玻璃液 ) = aqueous humour ( vitreous humour )牙痛( 龋齿 ) = toothache ( tooth decay )牙齿 = tooth生皮癣 = psoriasis犬齿 = canine
25、五划丙酮酸( 糖解 ) = pyruvic acid ( glycolysis )主动免疫( 免疫 ) = active immunization ( immunization )主动脉 = aorta第 19 页 共 154 页主动脉半月瓣( 心瓣膜 ) = aortic semilunar valve ( heart valve )主动运动 = active transport代谢 = metabolism代谢脂肪 = fat metabolism代谢蛋白质 = protein metabolism代谢率 = metabolic rate代谢产物 = metabolite代谢障碍 = me
26、tabolic disorder充氧血( 动脉 ) = oxygenated blood ( artery )出汗( 排汗 ) = sweating ( perspiration )出血 = haemorrhage出生率( 死亡率 ) = birth rate ( mortality rate )第 20 页 共 154 页加瓦尼 = Galvani , Luigi加伦 = Galen , Claudius ( Galenus )北里柴三郎 = Kitasato , Shibasaburo半月板 = meniscus / menisci半动关节( 关节 ) = partially moveab
27、le joint ( joint )半球( 小脑 ) = hemisphere ( cerebellum )半规管 = semicircular canal半透膜( 差异性渗透膜 ) = semi-permeable membrane ( differentially )半腱肌( 腿后腱 ) = semitendinosus ( hamstring )半膜肌( 腿后腱 ) = semimembranosus ( hamstring )卡路里( 禾焦耳 ) = calorie ( kilojoule )卡尔梅特 = Calmette , Albert第 21 页 共 154 页去氧核糖核酸 =
28、DNA去氧核糖核酸( 去氧核糖核酸 ) = deoxyribonucleic ( DNA )去胺基作用 = deamination可伦坡 = Colombo , Matteo可溶性纤维( 膳食纤维质 ) = soluble fibre ( dietary fibre )右肺动脉( 肺循环 ) = right pulmonary artery ( pulmonary circulation )右肺静脉( 肺循环 ) = right pulmonary vein ( pulmonary circulation )右淋巴导管( 淋巴管 ) = right lymphatic duct ( lymph
29、 vessel )史密斯 = Smith , Theobald史塔林( 高峰丈吉 ) = Starling , Ernest ( Jokichi , Takamine )四分体( 交换 ) = tetrad ( crossing over )四胞胎( 多胎妊娠 ) = quadruplets ( multiple pregnancy )第 22 页 共 154 页外分泌腺( 腺体 ) = exocrine gland ( gland )外出血( 出血 ) = external haemorrhage ( haemorrhage )外半规管( 半规管 ) = lateral semicircul
30、ar canal ( semicircular canal )外皮( 外皮系统 ) = integument ( integumentary system )外皮系统 = integumentary system外在环境( 环境 ) = external environment ( environment )外耳 = outer ear外耳道( 外耳 ) = auditory canal ( outer ear )外呼吸( 呼吸 ) = external respiration ( respiration )外刺激( 刺激 ) = external stimulus ( stimulus )外
31、直肌( 眼直肌 ) = lateral rectus ( rectus eye muscle )外胚层( 分化 ) = ectoderm ( differentiation )第 23 页 共 154 页外展 = abduction外展肌( 外展 ) = abductor ( abduction )外侧的( 内侧的 ) = lateral ( medial )外斜肌 = external oblique巨人症( 生长激素 ) = gigantism ( growh hormone )左肺动脉( 肺循环 ) = left pulmonary artery ( pulmonary circulat
32、ion )左肺静脉( 肺循环 ) = left pulmonary vein ( pulmonary circulation )平面关节( 滑动关节 ) = plane joint ( gliding joint )平滑内质网( 内质网 ) = smooth endoplasmic reticulum ( endoplasmic reticulum )平滑肌 = smooth muscle平衡 = balance平衡( 平衡 ) = equilibrium ( balance )第 24 页 共 154 页弗拉卡斯托罗 = Fuacastoro , Girolamo弗勒明 = Flemming
33、 , Walther必需胺基酸 = essential amino acid本能( 行为 ) = instinct ( behaviour )本能行为( 行为 ) = instinctive behaviour ( behaviour )本体感受器( 机械性受器 ) = proprioceptor ( mechanoreceptor )正子发射断层( 正子发射断层摄影 ) = PET / positron emission tomograph ( positronemission tomography )正子发射断层摄影 = positron emission tomography正中神经(
34、桡神经 ) = median nerve ( radial nerve )正回馈( 回馈系统 ) = positive feedback ( feedback system )甘油( 脂肪 ) = glycerol ( fat )第 25 页 共 154 页甘农( 贝尔那 ) = Cannon , Walter ( Claude Bernard )生化学家( 生物化学 ) = biochemist ( biochemistry )生育控制 = birth control生物化学 = biochemistry生物时钟( 昼夜节律 ) = biological clock ( circadian
35、rhythm )生物素 = biotin生物学 = biology生长 = growth生长激素 = growth hormone生理学 = physiology生理学家( 生理学 ) = physiologist ( physiology )生产 = birth第 26 页 共 154 页生殖系统 = reproductive system生殖周期 = reproductive cycle生殖器( 生殖系统 ) = genitals ( reproductive system )用手习惯 = handedness甲状软骨( 喉 ) = thyroid cartilage ( larynx )
36、甲状腺 = thyroid gland甲状腺素( 甲状腺 ) = thyroxine ( thyroid gland )甲状腺机能亢进( 代谢障碍 ) = hyperthyroidism ( metabolic disorder )白子( 黑色素 ) = albinos ( melanin )白化症 = albinism白血病 = leukaemia白血球 = white blood cell / leucocyte第 27 页 共 154 页白喉 = diphtheria白质 = white matter布罗卡 = Broca , Paul皮内尔 = Pinel , Phillipe皮脂(
37、皮脂腺 ) = sebum ( sebaceous gland )皮脂腺 = sebaceous gland皮肤 = skin皮肤病学 = dermatology皮质( 肾上腺 ) = cortex ( adrenal gland )皮质( 肾 ) = cortex ( kidney )皮质骨( 致密骨 ) = cortical bone ( compact bone )皮质类固醇( 肾上腺 ) = corticosteroid ( sdrenal gland )矢状缝( 骨缝 ) = sagittal suture ( suture )第 28 页 共 154 页石绵肺症 = asbesto
38、sis六划交叉( 交换 ) = chiasmata / chiasma ( crossing over )交换 = crossing over交媾( 性交 ) = copulation ( sexual intercourse )交感神经系统( 自律神经系统 ) = sympathetic nervous system ( autonomic nervoussystem )亥姆霍兹 = Helmhltz , Hermann休克 = shock光受器 = photoreceptor光学显微镜( 显微镜检查 ) = light microscope ( microscopy )光学显微照片( 显微
39、镜检查 ) = light micrograph ( microscopy )第 29 页 共 154 页先天性反射 = inborn reflex先天性行为( 行为 ) = innate behaviour ( behaviour )先天性缺陷 = birth defect全身感觉( 感觉 ) = general sense ( sense )共价键( 化学键) = covalent bond ( chemical bond )再生( 组织 ) = regeneration ( tissue )列奥米尔 = Reaumur , Rene Antoine同化作用 = assimilation同
40、卵双胞胎 = identical twins同源染色体 = homologous chromosome同质结合细胞 = homozygous cell合子 = zygote第 30 页 共 154 页合成代谢 = anabolism合成代谢反应( 合成代谢 ) = anabolic reaction ( anabolism )回馈系统 = feedback system多不饱和脂肪( 油 ) = polyunsaturated fat ( oil )多伊西 = Doisy , Edward多胎妊脤 = multiple pregnancy多发性硬化 = multiple sclerosis ( MS )多醣( 碳水化合物) = polysaccharide ( carbohydrate )字根 = word root安纳菲斯 = An-Nafis , Ibn安德森 = Anderson , Elizabeth Garrett成人 = adult成年齿( 恒齿 ) = adult teeth ( permanent teeth )
