1、1.About 8000 years ago,Great Britain become an island.2.Anglo-Saxons tribe invaded Britain after Roman Invasion.3.Norman conquest began in 1066.4.Henry VII was the first Tudor King.5.The legislature means the elected body that passes new laws.6.The current PM of the UK is David Cameron.7.The grammar
2、 school in modern Britain emphasizes academic studies and offers more subjects than any other secondary schools.8.The most Widely-read novel by Jane Ansten is Pride and Prejudice.9.public school are the foundation -layers of the English education.10.When you are invited to a dinner,you must be punct
3、ual.11.The union Flag of the UK is also called Union Jack.12.Britains major minerals are coal iron ore ,tin ore ,lead ore ,oil and gas,among which coal and oil are the most important.13.The main purpose of the Great charter was to restrict the kings power.14.English belongs to the Germanic group of
4、Indo-European family of languages.15.The Germanic attack on Rome occupation in Britain in 410.16.By the late 7th century.Roman Christianity became the dominant religion in England.17.The Norman Conquest marked the establishment of the feudalism in England.18.The end of the Wars of the Roses led to t
5、he rule of the House of Tudor.1.Norman Conquest【William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy, invaded and conquered England and the Anglo-Saxon in 1066.Norman French became the official language.】2.Alfred the Great【A peace treaty: the eastern half of the island was to be subject to the Danish law and
6、 come to be known as the DanelawFrom 1016 to 1042, under the rule of Danish kings.In 1042, the English throne was returned to the Anglo-Saxons He founded a strong fleet and is known as “ the father of the British navy”. He reorganized the Saxon army. He translated a Latin book into English. He also
7、established schools and formulated a legal system. 】3. Hundred YearsWar (13371453)【 a series of wars fought between England and France over trade, territory, security and the throne.promoted the concept of English nationalism. promoted the development of the textile industry. raised the social posit
8、ion of the bourgeois class.】4.the Glorious Revolution【 1688: joint sovereign of William and Mary.1689: Bill of Rights (limited the power of the monarch and guaranteed the authority of Parliament ) removed the ruling monarch and established Constitutional Monarchy.】5. the Industrial Revolution【The In
9、dustrial Revolution took root in British for a variety of reasons. First, British had a huge market.second,form the colonies in America and India ,England acquired enormous wealth with to develop its industries.Third,the enclosure movement (圈地运动)depriv ed small landowners of their property.By the mi
10、ddle of 19th century, the Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain. Its influence is that Britain changed in many ways.(It dramatically increased industrial productivity.It causes the process of urbanization.It changes in class structure.The conflict between the capitalists and the proletar
11、iansthe most important political issue. )】6 the standard English 标准英语【Fristly,Standard English based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England.Second,it adopted as a broadcasting standard in the British media. Thirdly ,it also called as Queens English or BBC English.And then it based
12、on the London dialect.At last it has becom a universal Lingua Francathe world language .】7 Constitutional Monarchy （君主制）【A consti tutional monarchy is a form of constitutional government, where either an elected or hereditary monarch is the head of state, unlike in an absolute monarchy, where in the
13、 king or the queen is the sole source of political power, as he or she is not legally bound by the constitution. 】8.Public School【 Independent systemPublic schools the most famous Eton, Harrow and Winchester6 percent of all British childrenA privilege for the richBetter funded，Better teachers，Better
14、 facilities，Better chance to enter famous universities】9.Tabloids【This category of national newspapers are smaller format with color photos and catchy headlines .They deal with scandals and gossip, usually about famous people, whether in politics, sports or entertainment. 】10. Romanticism 浪漫主义的特点时期
15、代表作家 雪莱 拜伦 济慈【At the turn of the 18 th and 19th centuries, Romanticism appeared in England as a new trend in literature.William Wordsworth (1770-1850) and Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834) began the trend.And the major “second generation” of Romantic poets included Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley
16、, John Keats.】1.what is the economic theory of mercantilism(重商主义) hold?【a.Its the acquis ition of gold and silver, in payment for goods exported, increased the wealth of a nation.and It developed the doctrine of the balance of trade. b.it producing 1/3 of the worlds manufactured goods.and1/2 of the
17、worlds coal, iron and cotton.the shipping is greater than the sum of the rest of the world.】2.Who are considered as the trio of English Poetry giants? And list their representative work.【William Shakespeare ：Comedy （A Midsummer Nights Dream (1595)，The Merchant of Venice (1598)，As You Like It (1599)，
18、Twelfth Night (1601)）Historical plays （Richard III (1591) Henry IV (1597)Antony and Cleopatra (1606) ）Tragedies （Hamlet (1601)Othell o (1604)King Lear (1605)Macbeth (1606)Romeo and Juliet (1595)） 】3.Why is William Shakespeare the most important writer in English literature?【 William Shakespeare is t
19、he most important writer in British and European Renaissance period. There are four representative tragedy Hamlet, Othello, king Lear, Macbeth, comedy the merchant of Venice, and more than one hundred sonnets. 1590 to 1600 is the creation of Shakespeares early, also known as historical plays, comedy
20、 period. This period Shakespeare humanistic ideas and art style formed gradually. 1608 years later, the last time in Shakespeares creation. At this time of Shakespeares already see humanism ideal in the real world, they cant implement from writing to write legend play tragedy, from the darkness of t
21、he social critique realistic revealed to write dream world. The works of Shakespeare, starting from real life deeply reflected time change and social nature.】4. What is Critical Realism?【Critical Realism is a literary school which flourished in the 40s and early 50s of the 19th century .The critical
22、 realists described the chief traits of the society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint.The greatest English critical realist was Charles Dickens.】5.In what ways do British university enjoy complete academic freedom?【British univer sities enjoy complete academic preedom
23、because they can appoint their own staff,decide which students to admit ,provide their own courses and award their own degrees.】1.What were the major causes of Britains retative economic decline in the postuar period?【After World War II, the British economy experienced a period of great difficulty a
24、nd relative economic decline. A.two World Warsgreat economic loss, heavily in debt.B.the era of the British Empire was overdecolonization (losses of raw material & market)C.military expense (until the process of decolonization completed in the 1960s)D.failure to invest in modern equipment and new pr
25、oducts. 】2.What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?【The Industrial Revolu tion changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial productivity increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanizati
26、on took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.】3. what are the elements and functions of British Parliament？Disenss the role of each and explain briefly?上下议院 君主 及作用【The Britis h Par
27、liament today consists of the King or Queen ,the House of Lords(上议院)，and the House of Commons （下议院）.King or Queen is the source of all government powers.They are the head of the legislative,exective and judicial branches,the commander-in-chief of all armed forces and “supreme governor” of the Church
28、 of England .The main legislative function of the House of Lords is to examine and revise bills from the House of commons ,but the Law Lords cannot normally prevent proposed legislation from becoming law if the House of commons insists on it. It also acts in a legal capacity as the highest court of
29、appeal(上诉法庭 )。the House of commonsThe most important is drafting new laws.tne second function of the House of commons is to scrutinize(仔细检查)，criticize and restrain tne actions of government.The third function is to influence future government policy.】1 大约 8000年前,英国成为一个岛屿。2。安格鲁撒克逊人部落入侵罗马入侵英国。3。诺曼征服始于
30、1066 年。4。亨利七世是第一个都铎王朝的国王5。立法会选举的身体意味着通过新的法律。6。当前点英国的戴维卡梅伦(David Cameron) 。7。现代英国的文法学校强调学术研究和提供了比其他任何科目中学。8。最简 Ansten小说是 傲慢与偏见 。9。公立学校英语教育的基础层次。10。当你被邀请吃饭, 你必须准时。11。英国的国旗也被称为联盟杰克。12。英国的主要矿物是煤炭铁矿石、锡矿、铅矿石、石油和天然气,其中煤炭和石油是最重要的。13 岁。 大宪章的主要目的是限制国王的权力。14。英语属于印欧语系日耳曼群的语言。15。日耳曼攻击罗马在 410 年英国占领。16 岁。到 7 世纪。罗马
31、基督教在 英国成为占统 治地位的宗教。17 岁。诺曼征服是英国封建制度的建立。18 岁。玫瑰战争结束了都铎王朝的统治。1。 【征服者威廉诺曼征服诺曼底公爵在 1066 年入侵并征服了英格兰和盎格鲁-撒克逊。诺曼法语成为了官方语言。 】2。阿尔弗雷德大帝【和平条约: 岛的东部是丹 麦法律和被称为丹麦律法从 1016 年到 1042 年,丹麦国王的统治下。1042 年,英国王位回到了盎格鲁撒克逊人他建立了一个强大的舰队和被称为“英国海军之父 ”。他改组了“撒克逊军队。他将一本拉丁语的书翻译成英语。他还建立了学校,并且阐明了法律制度。 】3。几百年War(1337 - 1453)【英格兰和法国之间的
32、一系列战争在贸易、领土、安全和王位。促进了英语民族主义的概念。促进了纺织工业的发展。提高了资产阶级的社会地位。 】4。 【1688 年的光荣革命:联合主权威廉和玛丽。1689:权利法案 (君主的力量有限,保证议会)的权威被统治的君主,建立了君主立宪制。 】5。工业革命【工业革命在英国生根出于各种原因。首先,英国有一个巨大的市场。第二,美国和印度的殖民地,英国获得了巨大的财富和发展产业。第三,圈地运动(圈地运动)剥夺他们的财产的小地主。19 世纪中期,工业革命在英 国完成。它的影响是, 英国在很多方面改变了。(它极大地提高 了工业生产效率。它会导致城市化的过程。这类结构的变化。资本家之间的冲突和
33、 proletarians-the 最重要的政治问题。)】6 标准英语标准英语【第一, 标准英语演讲的基础上英格 兰东南部的上层阶级。其次,它作为英国媒体广播标准。第三,它也称为女王的英语或 BBC。然后基于伦敦方言。最后它将成为一种普遍通用Franca-the 世界语言。 】7 君主立宪制【君主立宪制是宪政的一种形式,在民选或世袭君主是国家元首,与绝对君主制,在国王或女王的唯一来源是政治权力,因为他或她不受宪法法律约束。 】8。公立学校【独立 system-Public学校最著名的伊顿公学,耙和温彻斯特6%的英国 childrenA富人的特权更好的资助,更好的老师, 更好的设备,更好的进入名
34、牌大学的机会】9。小报【这类全国性报纸更小的格式与彩色照片和吸引人的标题。他们通常处理丑闻和流言蜚语,著名的人, 无论是在政治、体育或娱乐。】10。浪漫主义【在 18、19 世纪,浪漫主义文学作为一种新的 趋势出现在英国。威廉华兹华斯 (1770 - 1850)和塞缪尔 泰勒柯勒律治(1772 - 1834)开始这一趋势 。和主要的“第二代”包括浪漫主义 诗人拜伦勋爵 ,波比雪莱、济慈。 】1 什么是重商主义的经济理论( 重商主义)?【一个。金银的收购,在货款出口, 一个国家的财富增加。和它发达的贸易平衡的教义。b。它生产世界上1/3 的工业制成品。世界 and1/2 的煤、铁和棉花。海运比世
35、界其他国家的总和。 】2。人认为是英语诗歌的三巨头?和他们代表的工作列表。 【威廉莎士比亚: 喜剧(仲夏夜之梦(1595),威尼斯商人(1598),皆大欢喜(1599),第十二夜 (1601)的历史戏剧(理查德三世(1591)亨利四世(1597)安东尼与克里奥佩特拉(1606)的悲剧( 哈姆雷特(1601) 奥赛罗(1604)李尔王(1605)麦克白(1606)罗密欧与朱丽叶(1595)】3。为什么威廉莎士比亚在英国文学最重要的作家吗? 【威廉莎士比亚是英国和欧洲文艺复兴时期最重要的作家。有四种代表性的悲剧哈姆雷特,奥赛罗, 李尔王 、 麦克白, 喜剧威尼斯商人,超过一百年的十四行诗。1590
36、 年到1600 年是莎士比亚早期的创作, 也被称为历史戏剧, 喜剧。这一时期莎士比亚人文主义思想和艺术风格渐渐形成。1608 年后, 上次在莎士比 亚的创作。莎士比亚的这个时候已经看到人文主义的理想在现实世界中,他们不能实现写作写传奇游戏的悲剧,从黑暗的社会现实的批判透 露写梦境。莎士比亚的作 品,从现实生活中 深刻反映时代 变化和社会性 质。 】4。批判现实主义是什么?【批判现实主义文学学校盛行的 19 世纪的40 年代和 50 年代初。社会的主要特征描述的批判 现实主义者, 从民主的角度批评资本主义制度。英国最伟大的批判现实主义是查尔斯狄更斯。 】5。在英国大学享 受完整的学术 自由方面做
37、什 么? 【英国大学享受完整的学术 preedom因为他们可以指定自己的员工 ,决定哪些学生承认,提供他们自己的课程和授予学位。 】1。的主要原因是什么英国 postuar retative 经济下降期吗?【第二次世界大战之后,英国经济经历了很大的困难和相对经济衰退的时期。一。两次世界 Wars-great 经济损失, 严重的债务。b。大英帝国的时代是 over-decolonization(原材料的损失和市场)C.military 费用 (直到非殖民化的过程在 1960 年代完成) 。现代设备和新产品失败的投资。 】2。在英国工业革命的结果是什么?【工业革命改变了英国在很多方面。首先,工业生
38、产力急剧增加。英国成为最先进的工业国家,也在世界金融中心。第二,城市化发生。很多新城市涌现。第三,伟大的阶级结构的变化引起的。旧的社会阶层下降,而且新的出现和发展。 】3。英国议会的元素和功能是什么? Disenss 每个并简要解释的角色?【英国议会今天由国王或王后,上议院(上议院), 和下议院。国王或女王是所有政府权力的来源。他们的立法、exective 和司法分支, 所有武装部队 的总司令, 英国教会的“最高州长” 。上议院的主要立法功能是检查和修改账单从下议院,但是上议院法官不能正常阻止提案成为法律如果下议院坚持它。它还可以在一个合法的身份最高的上诉法院。下议院最重要的是起草新法律。下议院的第二个功能是美圆细看,批评政府, 抑制行动美圆。第三个功能是影响未来政府政策。 】
