1、1,第三部分 百变句型,2,简单句与并列句 名词性、定语、状语从句 现在分词、过去分词,3,并列句,It was raining hard today, I didnt go to school. It was raining hard today, therefore, I didnt go to school.,It was raining hard today; (therefore, )I didnt go to school. It was raining hard today, and therefore, I didnt go to school. It was raining
2、hard today, so I didnt go to school.,并列连词,5,I didnt go to school today. Because for one thing, it was raining hard, for another, I didnt feel well.,6,定语从句,This is the man who is beaten by his wife. This is the man who was beaten by his wife. This is the man who is being beaten by his wife. This is t
3、he man who has been beaten by his wife.,This is the woman who beats her husband. This is the woman who beat her husband. This is the woman who is beating her husband. This is the woman who has beaten her husband.,beaten beatenbeing beatenhaving been beaten,beating beating beatinghaving beaten,7,定语从句
4、与非谓语动词的转换(7-8),8,定语从句,环境污染是人类所面临的最严重的挑战之一。face/ confront; be faced with/ be confronted with Environmental pollution/ degradation/ deterioration is one of the greatest challenges which face / which are faced with human beings. Environmental pollution/ degradation/ deterioration is one of the greatest
5、 challenges facing human beings/ faced with human beings. thorn 荆棘 thorny 棘手的,9,The students who like sports are playing basketball. The students, who like sports, are playing basketball.,定语从句,The students like sports, and they are playing basketball.,10,并列句和非限制性定语从句的转换(6-7),11,定语从句,动物实验非常野蛮和残忍，因此应当
6、被禁止。 野蛮：barbaric, brutal 残忍：cruel, inhumane, merciless, ruthless, callousAnimal testing is cruel and barbaric so it should be forbidden. 改前半句：Animal testing, (which is) cruel and barbaric, should be forbidden. *改后半句：Animal testing is cruel and barbaric, which should be forbidden.,12,定语从句,言论自由是最神圣的人权
7、，但是它被媒体审查制度的引进所侵犯了。 言论自由：freedom of expression/speech 媒体审查制度：media censorshipFreedom of expression is the most holy human right, but it is violated by the introduction of media censorship. 改前半句：Freedom of expression, (which is) the most holy human right, is violated by the introduction of media cens
8、orship. *改后半句：Freedom of expression is the most holy human right, which is violated by the introduction of media censorship.,13,“侵犯权利”,14,keep sb. in captivity capital sentence/ death penalty (per person/ head/ capita) physical / corporal punishment The installation of surveillance cameras in public
9、 places,15,Hosting Olympic games can increase the government revenue, and brings huge amounts of foreign currency.Hosting Olympic games can increase the government revenue, (meanwhile) bringing huge amounts of foreign currency.,并列句与伴随状语的转换(6-8),16,Advertising is cheating and misleading, so it attrac
10、ts people to buy things that they do not want.Advertising is cheating and misleading, therefore attracting people to buy things that they do not want.,并列句与伴随状语的转换(6-8),17,状语从句,When she was talking in class, she was criticized by her teacher. After she was criticized by her teacher, she felt depresse
11、d. Because she felt depressed, she tried to commit suicide. While she was trying to commit suicide, she was spotted by her teacher. The teacher said to her angrily, If you are found to commit suicide again, you will be killed.”,(When) Talking in class, (After being) Criticized Feeling depressed, (Wh
12、ile) trying (If) found,18,状语从句与非谓语动词的转换(7-8),19,A and then B After A, B A before BThe bottles are washed by high-pressurized water and then they are classified into 3 colors.,20,公式1： People/ We + v. + that 主 谓 It is v.ed + that 主 谓,人们预测世界上将会有三分之一的物种到下个世纪会消失。 People predict that one third of the spec
13、ies in the world will disappear over the next century. It is predicted that one third of the species in the world will disappear over the next century.,名词性从句,21,over the 10-year period from 1990 to 2000predict expect forecast project,22,about around roughly approximately some,solve resolve deal with
14、 tackle cope with handle combat address,23,公式2：It is v.ed +that主 谓 主is v.ed to 谓 (is可换成are/was/were),名词性从句,It is predicted that one third of the species in the world will disappear over the next century. One third of the species in the world are predicted to disappear over the next century.,It was r
15、eported that an earthquake occurred in Japan yesterday. An earthquake was reported to occur in Japan yesterday.,24,公式3：It is v.ed to 谓 主is v.ed to 谓 主 adv. 谓 （副词由动词转变而来，也可放在句首表示强调）,名词性从句,常用副词：argue arguably; hope hopefully; admit admittedly; deny undeniably; doubt undoubtedly; report reportedly; all
16、ege allegedly,不容否认的是，飞机的确比汽车排放出更多的污染。 It should be admitted that an aeroplane does emit more pollution than a car does. Admittedly, an aeroplane does emit more pollution than a car does.,25,名词性从句,保护好文化遗产，这对于政府来说是至关重要的。 It is vital that the government preserve cultural heritage. It is vital for the g
17、overnment to preserve cultural heritage. Preserving cultural heritage is vital for the government.,26,名词性从句,我们应该保护环境，这对于我们实现可持续发展是至关重要的。 We should protect the environment, which is vital for us to realize sustainable development. 政府补贴艺术家是浪费钱的。 It is a waste of money that the government subsidizes ar
18、tists. *The government should not subsidize artists, which is a waste of money.The government should not subsidize artists, which is a waste of taxpayers hard-earned money.,27,名词性从句,It is (widely/ generally) believed that There is a (popular/ widespread/ general) belief/ view that The (popular/ wide
19、spread/ general) belief/view is that It is agreed that There is a (overwhelming, unanimous) consensus that The overwhelming/ unanimous consensus is that It cannot be denied/ doubted that There is no denying / doubt that,28,名词性从句,I dont know whether I should say it. I dont know whether to say it. The
20、 jury is deciding whether they should punish him. The jury is deciding whether to punish him. Many elderly people do not know how they can use a computer. Many elderly people do not know how to use a computer. We all know what we should do to conserve wild animals. We all know what to do to conserve
21、 wild animals.,29,名词性从句,The pie charts show the annual expenditure of students in a university The pie charts show how university students spent their money./ how much money the students in a university spent.The maps show the development of a village. The maps show how the village developed/ change
22、d.,30,强调句：It + be + 强调部分 + that(who) + 说明部分,正是因为有了这些先进的设备我们才能够享受更多的便利。 一般陈述句： We can enjoy more convenience because of these advanced facilities.,强调句：It is just because of these advanced facilities that we can enjoy more convenience.,其它高分句型,31,强调句：It + be + 强调部分 + that(who) + 说明部分,令人感到遗憾的是，人们关注的，往往是
23、经济利益而不是社会利益。 Unfortunately, it is always the financial profits instead of social interests that people pay attention to.,其它高分句型,32,特殊强调句：It be not untilthat,尽管这个问题由来已久，但直到最近人们才开始逐渐意识到了它的重要性。 Although the problem has been existing for a long time, it was not until recently that people came to realize
24、 its importance.,其它高分句型,33,倒装句A. Only + 介词 + doing sth (或从句) can sb do sth,只有这样做我们才能彻底解决该问题。 Only by doing so can we solve the problem thoroughly.,其它高分句型,34,倒装句A. Only + 介词 + doing sth (或从句) can sb do sth,我个人认为，只有在收集到了足够证据的情况下我们才能得出结论，否则的话我们就容易犯错误。 Personally, only when we have collected enough evid
25、ence can we come to a conclusion. Otherwise, we are prone to make mistakes.,其它高分句型,35,倒装句B. On no account + 倒装,我们决不应该忽视知识的价值。 On no account should we ignore the value of knowledge. 作为一个文明人，我们无论如何都不应该容忍这种现象的存在。 As a civilized person, on no account should we tolerate the existence of such a phenomenon
26、.,其它高分句型,36,举例三大高分句型(1) Take as an (for) example (2) is a case in point (3) The fact that serves as a convincing example,其它高分句型,37,举例三大高分句型 Media shouldnt focus on celebrities private lives because it has some bad effects. For example, Princess Dianas death is caused by media. Take Princess Diana fo
27、r example, it was medias excessive coverage on her private life that led to the tragedy to a large extent.,其它高分句型,38,高分句型,名人名言引用高分句型(1) Sb. was quoted (by) as saying that (2) In the words of sb (3) As sb. once put it, ,39,名人名言引用高分句型 For example, Sandy Weill, the former president of Citibank once said: “Only the paranoid survive”. Take Sandy Weill, the former president of Citibank as an example, he was once quoted by Forbes as saying that Only the paranoid survive.,其它高分句型,40,英语语法新思维（中级、高级）张满胜 群言出版社,推荐书目,
