1、Task 1 Pie Chart,Review,Task 1- Pie Chart,饼图关注的对象：占据的表达 比例/百分比的表达 比较（连接词）重点：最大值、最小值、相同或相似的、成倍的排序,1.占据表达,“占“ ：A 占 总体的N% .A + make up/ take up + N% of the total. account for/amount to constitute/form/comprise represent/cover contribute被动句：N% of X+ be shared by A,2. Approximate Percentage 概数,当N%不精确时，可用
2、概数代替： A small percentage of(20%)= one fifth Exactly a quarter of (25%) Exactly one third (33%) The minority of (40%),Half of (50%) The majority of (60%) Three quarters of (75%) Most of (80%),2. Approximate Percentage 概数,Practice,1.医保部门将近一半的工作人员是志愿者。 Volunteers constitute nearly half of the work forc
3、e of the health care sector. 2. 垃圾填埋地中36%是城市垃圾，24%是商业和工业垃圾，40%是建筑垃圾。 Landfill is composed of 36% municipal waste, 24% commercial and industrial waste and 40% construction waste.,3. 比较,is higher/more/lower/less thanThe proportion of A+ exceed/ surpass/ overtake(v ) outnumber+ that of B.,Useful senten
4、ces,China is the worlds most populous country, with a population of more than1.4 billion, far ahead of India, with 1 billion people. The population of France is only marginally larger than that of Britain. The proportion of homeowners was as high as 78% in 1989, in marked contrast to a mere 35% a de
5、cade earlier.,相同 A be identical with/ the same with B. A be equal to B.大体相同,相似： A and B are more or less alike. A and B are roughly the same. A and B show great resemblance.,Single Pie,Step1 观察单个饼图中有哪几个区域，各个区域分别代表什么 Step 2 观察单个饼图中各区域间的百分比差异,Single Pie,首段 : This pie chart relates the percentage / pro
6、portion of 描述对象+地点+时间结尾: 总结最大值或不写结尾。,Single Pie,Body： (一段；排序) 1）第一大值 第二大值第三大值 2-3个最小值 or 2）最大值最小值2-3个较小值 时态（根据情况）,Body： (一段；排序) 第一大值 第二大值第三大值. 2-3个最小值According to the chart, A takes up the largest percentage (%)of the total (population, expenditure .). Followed by C (%), B holds the next largest pro
7、portion(.%), x% lower than A. By contrast, D,E,F make up a small percentage of the total(population, expenditure .), which are .%,.% and .% respectively.,Body： (一段；排序) 最大值最小值2-3个较小值According to the chart, A takes up the largest proportion (%) of the total In contrast, the smallest proportion goes fo
8、r B, which is only .% .As those lie in the middle/Then, C,D, E account for %, % and % respectively.,Task1- Double Pies (static),compare figures between two pies,The two pie charts show the time of using the internet for different purposes in different genders.,percentage of total time of using the i
9、nternet on types of website,排序,1. Male & Female :Entertainment(最大) V.S. News（最小） 2. Male female :Shopping&Sports 3. Female Male: Academic&Others,Analysis,开头段:The two pie charts compare the differences between men and women in terms of how they allocate their internet time.,Entertainment(最大) V.S. New
10、s（最小）,Clearly entertainment is the major aim of getting on line for both men and women, accounting for 40% of and 35% of their web time respectively. News is the least time consuming for everyone even though it costs men (8%) much more time than women (1%).,Male female :Shopping&Sports,Shopping and
11、sports are important things to do on the Internet for males who spend 20% of virtual space time on each of them. In comparison, the corresponding percentages for females are only half of those for males.,Students Samples 1,Academic purpose seems to attract females more, which constitutes 20% of the
12、total time, 8% higher than that of males. Meanwhile, females are more concentrated on other things, making up 18% and 8% respectively.,Students Samples 1,Academic seems to attract females more, which constitutes 20% of the total time, 8% higher than male. In the meanwhile, females are more concentra
13、ted on other things except for shopping, news, sports and academic, making up for 18% and 8% respectively.,Students Samples 2,Academic research and other things are less attractive to males who spend 12% and 8% time on them, respectively. On the contrary, females show more interest in those things,
14、the percentages of time spent on which are nearly twice as many as those for males.,Students Samples 2,Academic and other things are less attractive to males who spend 12% and 8% time on them, respectively. On the contrary, females show more interest in those things, which are nearly twice as much a
15、s males.,Students Samples,Academic and others are important things to do for females on internet, which account for 20% and 18% respectively. In contrast, the corresponding proportions of time that males spent are 8% and 10%, less than those of females.,Females seem to prefer to study on the interne
16、t, spending one fifth time on academic research. In the contrary, males just devote/contribute 12% for the same purpose. Similarly, females spend 18% time in doing other things, 10 percent higher than that by males.,time of using the internet = allocate internet time/ web time = spend .virtual space
17、 time on = cost men/women X% .,Your Turn,Female Male: Academic&Others,In contrast, women focus more on academic study, which occupies 20% of the time spent on the Internet, than men (12%) do. The similar disparity also exists in the other activities. To be specific, females dedicate 18%, whereas mal
18、es only dedicate 8% in this category.,比较衔接,类比： Similarly, Likewise, In the same way, In like manner, + 句子 The same is true of/in B. B也有同样情况. 对比：Conversely, .In / By contrast , .On the contrary, .In comparison, . A, while / whereas /whilst B,Conclusion,From the data it can be concluded that men and w
19、omen have different time schedule on web activities. Overview: But the common thing is that they both spend the largest proportion of time on entertainment and smallest part on news.,Useful sentences,The income differences between sexes even out (平衡/相等)with age. The drop in 1995 was at odds with(与.不
20、一致) the sharp rise in 1999.,Task 1- Pie Chart (double pies),Task1- Double Pies1 (dynamic),The pie graphs show greenhouse gas emissions worldwide in 2002 and the forecast for 2030.,Task1- Double Pies (dynamic),As can be seen in the two pie charts, developing countries are expected to account for a bi
21、gger share of emissions in 2030, 48%, compared to 38% in 2002.In contrast, OECD countries are projected to make up a lower proportion, 43%, 9% down over the same period.Countries with transition economies are estimated to take up the remaining 9% in 2030, 1% less than in 2002.,Task1- Double Pies 2 (
22、dynamic),Method 1:,Step1 描写两饼中的最大值（扇面5时，先选最大值（一般2个），剩余按趋势分类。 ）静态比较（饼图内数值大小）：占据、最高级、百分比动态比较 （饼图间趋势变化）：增加或减少，倍数关系 Step2： 根据上升、下降、不变/平稳分类并描述剩余数据,Food &cars,Food and cars made up the two biggest items of expenditure in both years. Together they comprised over half of household spending.Food accounted fo
23、r 44% of spending in 1966, but this dropped by two thirds to 14% in 1996.However, the outlay on cars doubled, rising from 23% in 1966 to 45% in 1996.,Restaurants &Computers V.S. Books,Other areas changed significantly.Spending on eating out doubled, climbing from 7% to 14%. The proportion of salary
24、spent on computers increased dramatically, up from 1% in 1996 to 10% in 1996. However, as computer expenditure rose, the percentage of outlay on books plunged from 6% to 1%.,Petrol & furniture,Some areas remained relatively unchanged. Americans spent approximately the same amount of salary on petrol
25、 and furniture in both years.,Useful Sentences,Rent as a percentage of the household expenditure more than doubled between 1974 and 1998, from 5% to 12%.Chinas agricultural trade deficit jumped 1.5 times to $ 35 billion over the five-year period.,倍数的表达,A 是B的N倍。1. A+be+ N times + as +形容词原级 + as B.2.
26、A +be +N times + 形容词比较级+ than B.3. A+ be +N times +the size /length/ height + of + B,倍数的表达,double (verb) 翻一番 The number of unemployed people doubled between 2005 and 2009.double (adj) 是.的两倍 The output is double that of last year.,倍数的表达,treble (verb, adj) 成三倍；是.的三倍 triple quadruple (verb, adj) 翻两番；是.
27、的四倍,倍数的表达,twice as.as/compared to, three times as.as/compared toEg: There were twice as many unemployed people in 2009 as in 2005.Twice as many people were unemployed in 2009 compared to 2005.,倍数的表达,. A增至N倍 （增加了N-1倍）1. A increase ( to) N times2. A increase by N times3. A increase by a factor of N 4.
28、 A increase N-fold5. There is a N-fold increase/growth in .,倍数的表达,减少到 1/N 1. decrease N times/ N-fold2. decrease by N times3. decrease by a factor of N 4. There is a N-fold decrease/ reduction in.,Translation Exercise,1.中英两国贸易在过去五年里翻了一番。Chinese trade with Britain has doubled over the last five years
29、. 2. 新建的广场的规模是以前的四倍大。The newly built square is four times the size of the previous one.,Translation Exercise,3.近几年来，电视机的价格下降了一半。 The price of TVs has been twofold down over these years. 4. 到2020年中国将实现国内生产总值比2000年翻两番，达到40000亿美元。By 2020, Chinas GDP will quadruple that of 2000 to approximately USD 4 tr
30、illion.,Your Turn,Working and sleeping make up the two largest expenditure on time in 1985, which both account for one third of the total, while going out with family and friends only contributes 11%. However, it is clear that people are more likely to work harder these days. Comparing with 1985, wo
31、rking covered more in peoples life, taking up the minority of the time, while sleeping dropped to one quarter of it. Whats more, the outlay on going out with family and friends decreased to 2 times.,Task1- Double Pies 3(dynamic),The chart shows the percentage of time working adults spent the day on
32、different activities in a particular country in 1985 and 2008. (2014.1.25),1985 2008,Method 2:,Step1 : 描写1985年的数据（大小排序）Step2： 描写2008 （上升、下降、不变/平稳）overview: working (最大)， relaxing at home (上升),Sample Answer,P1: The two pie charts show how daily schedule of working adults in one country changes in two
33、 specific years:1985 and 2008. Overall, people spent more time on working but less on sleeping, and they relaxed at home more than went out over time.,P2:,In 1985, almost one third of the day was spent on working (33%), and marginally less time was on sleeping (32%). Going out with friends and famil
34、y was then a common pastime, taking up 19%. In contrast, the other activities combined, including relaxing at home,playing sports (or other hobbies) and travel to work, just accounted for 16%.,P3:,In 2008, working and sleepng together still constituted almost two thirds of the day, but the previous
35、balance no longer held. While the share of the former rose considerably to 42%, the latter shrank to 25%. In terms of recreational activities, hanging out with friends or family experienced a two-thirds reduction of time (6%) , replaced by relaxing at home (13%). In addition, the time they spent on
36、the road climbed to 8%, surpassing that on sports playing which remained unchanged at 6%.,P4:,In conclusion, during these years, working took more time of the day, and the popularity of indoor relaxation increased over time.,Task 1- Pie Chart (three pies),Cambridge 8 Test 2 Task 1 P53,The three pie
37、charts below show the changes in annual spending by a particular UK school in 1981, 1991 and 2001.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.,审题,1题目显示信息：英国某学校在1981年、1991年和2001年这三年每年的花费情况。 2.饼图显示信息：时态过去时态 3.变量：时间 4.不变量：地区+比较对象,写作思路,1.扇面
38、5时，先选最大值（一般2个），剩余按趋势分类。 2.既要涉及同一年份不同花费项目之间的比较（静态比较），还有描述同一花费项目在不同年份之间的变化。（动态比较） 3. 既有“变化”又有“比较”时，重点写“变化” 4.写比较时则要强调占据最大/最小比例的项目,开头段,The three pie charts below show the changes in annual spending by a particular UK school in 1981, 1991 and 2001.The charts describe how much a UK school spent on differ
39、ent running costs in three separate years: 1981, 1991 and 2001.,Teachers and Other workers salaries (最大值),In all three years, the greatest expenditure was on staff salaries.But while other workers salaries saw a fall from 28% in 1981 to only 15% of spending in 2001, teachers pay remained the biggest
40、 cost, reaching 50% of total spending in 1991 and ending at 45% in 2001.,Resources （中间值，先增加后减少）,Expenditure on resources such as books had increased to 20% by 1991 before decreasing to only 9% by the end of the period.,Furniture and Equipment （中间值，先减少后增加）,In contrast, the cost of furniture and equip
41、ment saw an opposite trend. This cost decreased to only 5% of total expenditure in 1991 but rose dramatically in 2001 when it represented 23% of the school budget.,insurance（最小值，一直增加）,Similarly, the cost of insurance saw a rising trend, growing from only 2% to 8% by 2001.,Conclusion,Overall, teacher
42、s salaries constituted the largest cost to the school, and while spending increased dramatically for equipment and insurance, there were corresponding drops in expenditure on things such as books and on other workers salaries. 静态对比（每个饼图内部） 动态对比（各个饼图之间）,Task 1- Pie Chart (four pies),Cambridge 7 Test
43、4 Task1 - P101,The pie charts below show units of electricity production by fuel source in Australia and France in 1980 and 2000.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.,审题,1.题目所示信息：1980年及2000年，澳洲和法国通过不同燃料发电的电量情况。 2. 饼图所示信息：时态过去时态 3
44、.变量：时间+地区 4.不变量：比较对象,写作思路（综合）,1.扇面5时，先选最大值（一般2个），剩余按趋势分类。 2.总体比较极值比较 3.写比较时则要强调占据最大比例或最小比例的项目 4.注意：静态对比（每个饼图内部）动态对比（各个饼图之间）,Sample Answer,开头段： Paraphrase: The charts compare the sources of electricity in Austrialia and France in the years 1980 and 2000. Overall trend: Between these years electricity
45、 production almost doubled, rising from 100 units to 170 in Australia, and from 90 to 180 units in France.,P2-Australia 1980,In 1980 Australia used coal as the main electricity source (50 units) and the remainder was produced from natural gas, hydro power (each producing 20 units) and oil (which pro
46、duced only 10 units). (静态比较)剩余的 The rest of + 名词 /The remaining +名词,P2-Australia 2000,By 2000, coal had become the fuel for more than 75% of electricity produced and only hydro continued to be another significant source supplying approximately 20%. （动态比较）,P3-France 1980,In contrast, France used coal
47、 as a source for only 25 units of electricity in 1980, which was matched by natural gas. The remaining 40 units were produced largely from oil and nuclear power, with hydro contributing only 5 units.,P3-France 2000,But by 2000 nuclear power, which was not used at all in Australia, had developed into
48、 the main source, producing almost 75% of electricity, at 126 units, while coal and oil together produced only 50 units. Other sources were no longer significant.,Conclusion,Overall, it is clear that by 2000 these two countries relied on different principal fuel sources: Australia relied on coal and France on nuclear power.,
