1、 单元知识预览项目 单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备）重点单词1.patent n专利证书；专利权2 distinguish vi.& vt. 显示的差别；使 有所不同；辨别3 identification n. 鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明4 bear vt. 忍受；忍耐；负担5 current n. (水或气)流；电流 adj. 现在的；当前的6 practical adj. 实际的；实践的；实用的7 competence n. 能力；胜任；本领8 stainless adj. 无锈的；不锈的；没有污点的9 convenient adj. 便利的；方便的；就近的convenience n. 方
2、便；便利conveniently adv. 便利地；方便地10 associate vt. 联想；联系 n. 同伴；伙伴association n. 社团；协会；联合；联想11 remark n. 谈论；言论；评述 vt.& vi. 谈论；评论；说起12 condemn vt. 谴责；使 注定13 superior adj. 优秀的；较高的；上级的 n. 上级；长官14 compromise n& vi. 妥协；折衷15 fade vi.& vt. (使)褪色；减弱；逐渐消失16 hesitate vi. 犹豫；踌躇hesitation n. 犹豫；踌躇17 classify vt. 编排；分
3、类；归类classification n. 分类；归类18 rob vt. 抢劫；盗窃；剥夺robbery n. 抢劫(行为)19 horrible adj. 可怕的；恐怖的horror n. 恐怖20 troublesome adj. 带来麻烦的；使人心烦的 trouble vt. 使忧虑，使苦恼；麻烦(某人)n. 麻烦；问题；恶劣处境21 alternative n. 可能的选择 adj. 供选择的；其他的22 interrupt vt.& vi. 打断 讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止23 assume vt. 假定；设想24 somehow adv. 以方式；不知怎么地25 tentativ
4、e adj. 试探性的；不确定的26 archaeology n. 考古学27 primitive adj. 原始的；远古的；简陋的28 accuracy n. 精确；准确accurate adj. 准确的；精确的29 significance n. 意义；意思；重要性；重要意义 significant adj. 重要的；重大的30 applaud vi.& vt. 鼓掌欢迎；赞赏 applause n. 鼓掌重点短语1 call up 给打电话2 set about 开始；着手3 dive into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入4 hang on 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住5 get through
5、设法联系上( 尤指打通电话)；(设法) 做完；通过6 pass.off as. (把某人)改变或冒充成 7 in terms of 就来说；从角度8 rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物9 show.in 带或领进来10 once more 再一次11 fade out (声音、画面)逐渐模糊；渐淡12 regardless of 不管；不顾13 (be/get)fed up with 受够了；饱受；厌烦14 look ahead 向前看；为将来打算15 date back to 追溯到 ；始于16 concentrate on 集中经典句型（高考书面表达必备）1 “祈使句and 陈述
6、句”结构Follow it up，explore all around it, and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。2 what if 是省略句，表示“ 假如 将会是怎样；即使又有什么要紧”之意What if I was？倘若我是的话会怎样？3 “be of抽象名词”表示“ 具有( 某种特征或属性)的”Will that be of any use to you?将会对你有用处吗？
7、4 if only.意为“ 要是就好了”，句中要用虚拟语气If only it could be just like last year!要是能跟去年那样该有多好啊！5 only to do.不定式在句中作结果状语，强调意想不到的结果Abruptly she sat down，only to be scooped up by her laughing，shouting sister，Luna.突然间她坐了下来，但又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹露娜一把搂了过来。必备语法（高级句型）词类复习（2）晨读范文背诵背诵这篇范文【黑龙江省哈尔滨市第三中学 2019 届高三上学期第二次调研】美国某中学举办英语暑假训
8、练营，开设以下课程:cooking,swimming,giving first aid， playing football/basketball。假定你是李华，请你写封申请信，报名参加其中一门课程的学习。内容包括:1.你感兴趣的一门课程；2.为什么想学这门课程；3.你期望从中学到什么。注意: 1.词数 100 左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Sir/Madam,_Yours,LiHua【参考范文】Dear Sir/Madam， I am very glad to hear that your school will start an English Summer Camp
9、which includes a variety of courses，such as cooking，swimming，giving first aid，playing football or basketball.I am interested in giving first aid and I am writing to sign up for the course.I choose to attend the courses due to the fact that first aid is of great importance to people.If a person gets
10、injured and needs medical care before a doctor can be called in, every second counts in saving life，in which case the knowledge of first aid can help save lives.Besides personally,I plan to study medicine and devote my life to medical research.Hopefully，the course will help me to learn about how to
11、deal with medical emergencies.I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration.Yours,LiHua语言知识精析重点单词精讲考点 1distinguish vi.& vt.显示 的差别；使有所不同；辨别【教材原句】Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.这回我有机会来
12、表现一下自己，我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇捉住，又不会伤害到它们。【例句研读】（1 ） His attorney argued that Cope could not distinguish between right and wrong.他的辩护律师称科普无法分辨是非。（2 ） As far as I know，Lin Dan has already distinguished himself as an athlete.据我所知，作为运动员林丹已享有盛名。（3 ） The sixmonth old baby can distinguish the monkey from other
13、animals.这个六个月大的婴儿能辨别猴子和其他动物。【归纳拓展】distinguished adj. 卓越的，著名的，杰出的distinguishable adj. 易分辨的，能区分的distinguish between.and.区分/ 辨别和 distinguish.from. 使有别于，使具有区别于的特征distinguish oneself (as.) (作为)表现突出be distinguished by/for 以为特征/ 著名【即时巩固】(1)Hes _ himself _ a teacher.作为老师，他早已负有盛名。(2)We should _ _ major _ min
14、or work and not put the trivial above the important.我们的工作要分主次，不能轻重倒置。(3)What was it that _ her _ her classmates?是什么使得她有别于班上其他同学呢？【答案】(1)distinguished as(2)distinguish between and (3)distinguished from考点 2convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的 convenient 作表语时，一般不用表示人的名词或代词作主语。【教材原句】They abruptly disappeared into
15、 a convenient hole in the wall.他们突然一下子就消失在附近的墙洞里去了。【例句研读】(1) Come by to see us at your convenience.Come by to see us when it is convenient for/to you.在你方便的时候来看我们。(2) The gates are always open for the convenience of visitors/for the visitors convenience为了方便参观者，这些门总是开着。【归纳拓展】convenience n. 方便，便利It is
16、convenient for sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是方便的。Sth. be convenient to/for sb. 对某人来说是方便的。at sbs convenience 在某人方便的时候convenience food 方便食品convenience store 便利店【即时巩固】(1)We must _ a convenient time and place _ the meeting.我们必须安排一个合适的时间和地点开会。(2)When would _ you to go?你什么时候去方便？(3)The hotel has a restaurant for
17、 the guests _.这家旅馆为方便旅客设有餐厅。【答案】(1)arrange for(2)it be convenient for(3)convenience考点 3Associate vt.联想；联系 n同伙；伙伴【教材原句】Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone，he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybodys life.虽然人们常
18、把他和发明电话联系在一起，但是他的确是一位永不停息的探索家，不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的途径。【例句研读】(1) I dont associate him with energetic sports.我不把他和剧烈的体育运动联系在一起。(2) The first step to making friends is associating with other people.交朋友的第一步就是要跟他人联系。(3) We are working in association with a local company to raise money for the homeless.我们联合一家当地的
19、公司，为无家可归的人筹款。【归纳拓展】(1)associate.with.把与联系起来be associated with.与有关associate with sb.与某人交往/共事(2)association n联合；联想；交往；协会；团体in association with.与合作 /合伙【即时巩固】(1)Ive never _ you _ this place.我从未把你和这个地方联系在一起。(2)I wouldnt want to _ Mckeys project.我不想和麦基的计划有任何瓜葛。(3)I dont like these layabouts youre _.我不喜欢你结
20、交的这些游手好闲的人。【答案】(1)associated with(2)be associated with(3)associating with考点 4hesitate vi.犹豫；踌躇【例句研读】(1) The Mullers didnt hesitate to give their phone number to the street people and told them to phone anytime.穆勒夫妇毫不犹豫地把电话号码给那些无家可归的人，并告诉他们需要的话随时可以打电话。(2) Premier Li said “The government will not hesi
21、tate to help you out of poverty.”李总理说：“ 政府会毫不犹豫地帮你摆脱贫困”。【归纳拓展】hesitant adj. 犹豫的；踌躇的；迟疑的hesitation n. 踌躇，犹豫hesitate to do sth. 迟疑做某事hesitate about/at/in/over (doing) sth. (做) 某事犹豫不决without hesitation 毫不犹豫地【即时巩固】(1)Dont _ that. Do it at once.对于那件事不要再犹豫，马上去做吧。(2)In case you need something, please dont
22、_ me. 如果你需要什么东西，请不要犹豫，尽管对我说。(3)He _ is lost.谚当断不断，必受其患。(4)_， he jumped into the river to save the drowning child.他毫不犹豫地跳下河去救溺水的孩子。【答案】(1)hesitate about (2)hesitate to ask (3)who hesitates(4)without any hesitation考点 5superior adj.优秀的；较高的；上级的 n上级；长官superior 作为暗含比较级的形容词，意为“较高级的、较好的、较为优秀的”，因此不能在前面再加 mor
23、e。在与另一个事物进行比较时，与之搭配的介词要用 to，不能用 than。【例句研读】(1) the thought of feeling superior to others probably never comes to them.他们大概从来没有高人一等的感觉。(2) Their performance was inferior to that of other teams.他们的表现，不如其他队。【归纳拓展】be superior to sb./sth.在品质、级别、重要性上更好或更高be inferior to 低于be senior to 比年长(资深)be junior to 比
24、年轻(资浅)【即时巩固】(1)Show respect for _.对我们的上级要尊敬。(2)His knowledge of French literature _ mine.他在法国文学方面比我强。(3)They _ number _ us.他们在数量上超过我们。【答案】(1)our superiors (2)is superior to (3)are superior in to考点 6alternative adj.供选择的；其他的 n可能的选择；选择对象【教材原句】Can you think of the alternatives we would use today?你能想到我们今
25、天可供利用的办法吗？【例句研读】(1) The materials inventors say it has a number of possible uses and someday could provide a more environmentally friendly alternative to plastic.这种材料的发明者说它有各种各样可能的用途并且总有一天会成为塑料制品的更环保型替代品。(2) I had no alternative/choice but to report him to the police.除了向警察举报他，我别无选择。(3) We could walk
26、 or alternatively we could go in Teds car.我们可以走路去，也可以乘特德的车去。【归纳拓展】(1)have no alternative/choice but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事theres no alternative.别无选择an alternative to.的替代品(2)alternatively adv.可供选择地【温馨提示】 表示“ 别无选择，只有 ”的表达方式还有： have no choice but to do；cant choose but do； cant (help) but do；can do nothing
27、 but do【即时巩固】(1)Have you got an _ suggestion?你有没有其他的建议？(2)You _ marrying or remaining a bachelor.你可以结婚也可以仍做单身汉，任你选择。(3)We have _.除了继续下去，我们没有选择的余地。(4)There is _.除了战斗，没有其他的办法。【答案】(1)alternative (2)have the alternative of (3)no alternative but to go on(4)no alternative but to fight考点 7assume vt.假定；设想【例
28、句研读】(1) I didnt see your car，so I assumed youd gone out.我没有看见你的汽车，所以我以为你出去了。(2) It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.一般认为，紧张是工作过重所致。【归纳拓展】(1)assume sb./sth.to be 假定/假设某人/ 某事为It is assumed that.被认为(2)assumption n假定；假设make an assumption 认为；假定on the assumption that 假定(3)assumi
29、ng/assume that.假设/ 假定【即时巩固】（1 ） A lot of people _that poverty only exists in the Third World.许多人认为贫困仅仅存在于第三世界。（2 ） _it is true，what should we do now？假定那是真的，我们现在该怎么办？【答案】 （1）make the assumption（2）Assuming/Assume that考点 8bear(bore，borne) vt.忍受；忍耐；负担；生育【例句研读】(1) You may choose any theme you like. Howev
30、er，you should bear in mind an essential point.你可以选择任何你喜欢的主题。但关键的一条你必须牢记于心。(2) The patient was afraid she wouldnt be able to bear the pain.病人恐怕不能忍受疼痛。【归纳拓展】Bear 后可接名词、代词、动词不定式和动词ing 形式作宾语。【即时巩固】I cant bear _while hes eating.我无法忍受人们吃饭时吸烟。【答案】people smoking重点短语精讲考点 1call up 给打电话；使 回忆起【教材原句】When I calle
31、d up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset.我给住在乡下的母亲打电话的时候，她感到很心烦。【例句研读】(1) The trip to Italy might be called off.去意大利的旅程可能要取消。(2) The government calls on the youth to donate their blood voluntarily.政府号召青年义务献血。【归纳拓展】call for 需要；要求；呼吁；( 去)接(某人)call at (火车等 )停靠；拜访某地call on 要
32、求；请求；拜访某人call off 取消call in 召来；来访call out 大声说；召唤某人【即时巩固】(1)The trip _ of my youth.旅行勾起了我对年轻时代的美好回忆。(2)He _ all the information from the computer.他从计算机中调出了所有的信息。(3)He _ just to tell me that he had bought a new DVD. 他打电话就是为了告诉我他买了一台新的 DVD。【答案】(1)called up happy memories(2)called up (3)called me up考点 2
33、get through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话) ；(设法) 做完，通过(考试)；完成；用完；使某人理解；度过【例句研读】（1 ） I felt mildly victorious that I got through the rest of class without crying，but at my next free period I had to face him.我感觉有些成就感是因为我设法上完了课而没有哭，但在接下来的空闲中我必须面对他。（2 ） We need to get down to some serious talking.我们需要认真谈一谈。（3 ） For such
34、 a serious mistake he was lucky to get away with a fine.他犯了那么严重的过失，却侥幸只交罚款了事。【归纳拓展】get across 被理解；使人了解get down to 认真地静下心( 工作)(to 为介词)get on/along 相处get out of 避免；摆脱get over 克服get in 收获get around/round 到处走动；传播出去get away/off 逃脱，离开【即时巩固】写出下列句子中 get through 的含义（1 ） How did you get through all that money
35、 in two days？（2 ） Ive got through a lot of correspondence today.（3 ） Its going to be hard to get through the next couple of days.（4 ） Im afraid your daughter failed to get through her midterm exams.【答案】 （1）用完，耗尽（2）做完（3）度过（4 ）通过考点 3in terms of.就来说；从角度【例句研读】（1 ） Did the experiment find any differences
36、 in terms of what children learned？就儿童学到什么而言，该实验是否发现了什么不同？（2 ） Its hard to come to terms with being unemployed.很难接受失业这个现实。【归纳拓展】in terms ofwith regard to, according to, in the light ofcome to terms 和解；妥协；让步come to terms with 甘心忍受be on good/bad terms with 与关系很好(坏)in the long/short term 从长远 (眼前)来看【即时巩
37、固】(1)It is difficult to express it _ science.要用科学的字眼来表达它是很困难的。(2)The figures are expressed _ a percentage.那些数字是以百分数表示的。(3)_ money, her loss was small.从金钱的角度来讲，她的损失是很小的。【答案】(1)In terms of(2)in terms of(3)In terms of考点 4. show.in 带或领某人进来【教材原句】Show her in，Mrs Pearce.皮尔斯夫人，带她进来。【例句研读】（1 ） We had 200 peo
38、ple show up for our seminar.我们的研讨会来了 200 人。（2 ） When the interview was finished，I was shown out.面试结束后，我被引导着走出来。【归纳拓展】show sb. into 领着某人进入show sb. out 领某人出去show sb. around/round 领某人参观某地show off 炫耀；展示show up 出现；来到某处【即时巩固】(1)The nurse _ me _ the room.护士把我领进了房间。(2)I _ the foreigners _ our school.我领着外国人参
39、观了我们的学校。(3)Why didnt you _ last night?昨晚你为什么没到场？【答案】(1)showed into(2)showed around(3) show up考点 5. look ahead 向前看；为将来打算【教材原句】If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year!她今年要是早有预见，计划得更好些就好了。【例句研读】（1 ） We should not look down upon/on anyone who hasnt had a college education.我们不应该看不起没有受过大
40、学教育的人。（2 ） Im really looking forward to our vacation.我热切期待着我们的假期。【归纳拓展】look after 照顾，照料look up 仰视，查阅look up to sb. 尊敬某人look down on/upon sb. 轻视；瞧不起look in 短时间探访look into sth. 调查look over 浏览检查，察看look through 翻阅，查找【即时巩固】(1)Just _ and youll see a pagoda.只要向前望去，你就可以看到一座宝塔。(2)We must _ before we go furth
41、er in the matter.在进一步进行这件事之前，我们必须把眼光放远。(3)We must _ before we make a decision.我们作出决定之前必须想得远一点。【答案】(1)look ahead (2)look ahead(3)look ahead考点 6. date back to 追溯到【例句研读】（1 ） That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison.那个意思追溯到爱迪生时代。（2 ） The custom dates from/dates back to the time when man wore
42、 swords.这项习俗始于人类佩戴刀剑的时代。【归纳拓展】(1)date from 追溯到；起始于(2)out of date 过时in date 未过时的up to date 时髦的to date 到目前为止；迄今【即时巩固】(1)This custom _ the 16th century.这风俗起源于 16 世纪。(2)This is an old building _ the 16th century.这是一栋追溯至 16 世纪的古老建筑物。(3)This town _ Roman times.这个城镇可追溯到罗马时代。(4)The unearthed sword _ the Han
43、 Dynasty.这把出土的宝剑属于汉代。【答案】(1)dates back to (2)dating back to (3)dates back to(4)dates back to经典句型剖析考点 1 祈使句and/or陈述句【教材原句】Follow it up，explore all around it，and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。【句法分析】 “祈使句and/or
44、陈述句”结构中，前后为承接关系时用 and 或 then；而前后是相反关系时用 or，otherwise 或 or else，这种句型可以改为 if 引导的条件状语从句。【例句研读】(1) Try some of this juiceperhaps youll like it.尝尝这种果汁，也许你会喜欢。(2) Send an email to your parents，or they will get annoyed.If you dont send an email to your parents， they will get annoyed.给你的父母发个电子邮件，不然他们会生气的。【即时巩固】（1 ） Study hard，_ youll fail in your exams.认真学习，否则你会考试不及格。（2 ） It is really very dangerous. _，and the baby will fall into the well.真危险。再多迈一步，这个小孩儿就掉进井里了。【答案】（1）or/otherwise（2）One more step考点 2 What if.？的用法【教材原句】What if I was？倘若我是的话会怎样？【句法分析】“What if.？” 常用来提出假设
