1、 2018 年 11 月 16 日考点 阅读理解推理判断题高考频度： 难易程度：(2018新课标卷 II，B) Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part
2、 of many childrens lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.According to the reports key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they hardly ever read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectiv
3、ely today.”The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 28, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.When it comes to technology and reading, the re
4、port does little to counsel(建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of par
5、ents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for th
6、em to read.As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.28. What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?A. Childrens read
7、ing habits. B. Quality of childrens books.C. Childrens after-class activities. D. Parent-child relationships.【答案】A 【解析】推理判断题。题干问的是这篇报道可能是关于什么内容。根据整篇文章，我们可以看出这篇报道讲述了孩子们阅读的乐趣，孩子们阅读的时间，孩子们阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响。A 项意为：孩子们的阅读习惯；B 项意为：孩子们所读书籍的质量；C 项意为：孩子们的课后活动；D 项意为：父母与孩子的关系。故选 A。29. Where can you find the data
8、that best supports “children are reading a lot less for fun“?A. In paragraph 2. B. In paragraph 3.C. In paragraph 4. D. In paragraph 5.【答案】B 30. Why do many parents limit electronic reading?A. E-books are of poor quality.B. It could be a waste of time.C. It may harm childrens health.D. E-readers are
9、 expensive.【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句 many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time 可知，许多家长仍然限制电子阅读，主要是由于担心看一些电子屏幕的时间越来越多，也即是担心会伤害孩子们的健康。故选 C。31. How should parents encourage their children to read more?A. Act as role models for them.B. Ask then to
10、write book reports.C. Set up reading groups for them.D. Talk with their reading class teachers.【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段 The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading.可知，有明显的证据表明，父母为孩子们做榜样并为孩子
11、们作重要指导能培养孩子的阅读习惯。也即是说，父母可以通过给孩子们作榜样来鼓励孩子们阅读的。故选 A。【巧学妙记】推理判断题着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力，要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论，推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实、隐含的信息或文章的深层意义。这类题目旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意的能力。推理判断题的设题形式有很多，不同的题型对应不同的技巧。如下表所示：推断内容 考查点 解题方法推断隐含含义考查考生透过词语的字面意思去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力1. 跳读，找到相关信息点(推理的
12、依据)；2. 细读，理解相关信息点的字面意义；3. 结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，理解作者的言外之意。推断写作意图考查考生根据短文内容推断作者写该文章的目的的能力根据文体的特点和用途来推断作者的写作目的：1.记叙文，特别是个人的有趣经历或幽默故事类的文章娱乐读者；2. 夹叙夹议文让读者得到某种启示或教育；3. 广告和议论文说服读者接受某种产品、服务或接受某种观点；4. 科普说明文或新闻报道告知读者某些信息。推断下段内容、文章出处考查考生通过阅读材料，预测内容及推断材料的来源的能力1. 根据文章的内容或结构来推断；2. 根据各种文体的特征来判断其出处：如广告的用词和格式非
13、常特殊，因此容易辨认；报纸的前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称；产品说明的特点也比较明显，一般会介绍其名称、作用、操作方式等。推断目标读者考查考生根据短文内容推断此篇文章主要是写给谁根据文章内容，特别是从作者使用的词语和语气来判断。看的的能力In 1971 we were living in Wichita, Kansas Lincoln was about seven, Brendan was three and Kristen was a baby. Mom was staying with us during the holidays. On Christmas Eve I stayed
14、up very late. I was totally alone with my thoughts, alternating between joy and sorrow, and I got to think about my paper route(送报), that tree, what my mother had said to me and how dad had tried to make things better.I heard a noise in the kitchen and discovered that it was Mom. She couldnt sleep e
15、ither and had gotten up to make herself a cup of hot tea which made her feel better. As she waited for the water to boil, she walked into the living room and discovered me there. She saw my open Bible and asked me what I was reading. When I told her, she asked if I would read it to her and I did.Whe
16、n the kettle began to whistle, she went and made her tea. She came back. I told her how happy I was that she was with us for Christmas and how I wished that Dad could have lived to see his grandchildren and to enjoy this time because he always loved Christmas so much. She went very quiet for a momen
17、t and then she said, “Do you remember that time on Twelve Mile Road when you bought that tree with your paper route money?“Yes,“ I said, “Ive just been thinking about it you know.“She hesitated for a long moment, as though something was bottled up so deeply inside her soul that it might take courage
18、 to get it out. Finally, great tears rolled down her face and she cried, “Oh, son, please forgive me. That time and that Christmas have been a burden on my heart for twenty-five years. I wish your dad were here so I could tell him how sorry I am for what I said.“1.How many children did the author ha
19、ve?A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.2.What do we learn about the authors father?A. He lived with the author.B. He loved his grandsons.C. He loved his wife deeply.D. He had passed away.3.Why couldnt the authors mother fall asleep?A. Because she needed to care for the children.B. Because she remember
20、ed the previous thing.C. Because she wanted the author to read for her.D. Because she was unwilling to live with the author.4.What is likely to be described in the next paragraph?A. How they would celebrate the Christmas.B. How the authors father supported the family.C. What happened to the authors
21、parents in the past.D. The reason for the authors parents divorce.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。我和三个孩子以及我的母亲居住在一起。圣诞前夜，我熬夜未睡，意外发现母亲也未入睡，当我们回忆往事时，她失声痛哭。1.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Lincoln was about seven, Brendan was three and Kristen was a baby“可知，作者有三个孩子，故 C 项正确。2.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“and how I wished that Dad could hav
22、e lived to see his grandchildren“可推知，作者的父亲已经去世，故 D 项正确。4.C 【 解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段母亲所说的话“ That time and that Christmas have been a burden on my heart for twenty-five years. I wish your dad were here so I could tell him how sorry I am for what I said“可推知，母亲想起了以前圣诞节的事，对自己所做的事感到难过；据此可以判断，下文将叙述发生在作者父母身上的故事，故 C 项正确。进步，在于总结。我在这，总结在哪儿？_
